ABSTRACT
This study focused on dating of a sediment core from the Alvarado Lagoon System, Veracruz, Mexico, calculating the sedimentation rate by using 210Pb to determine the tendency towards pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorides, the metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and V, and organic matter content. The activity of total Pb and supported Pb in the samples was 83.1 and 29.5 Bq kg-1, respectively, whereas the average estimated sedimentation rate was 0.48 ± 0.09 cm per year-1. The organic matter values exhibited linear behavior throughout the historical profile, with values under 2.5%. Metal concentrations followed the order V > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Hg > Cd. Variations found in Cr, Ni, Pb, and V concentrations are basically due to three meteorological phenomena that hit the region: hurricanes Gladys, Hilda, and Janet in September of 1955. V, Ni, and Hg input comes from anthropogenic and lithogenic sources. The presence of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons showed no ascending accumulation pattern over time, nor did it show any significant statistical correlation to OM. As for the organochlorine pesticides, 63.61% of the total sum of these compounds were from the ciclodienics family. Concentration of p,p'-DDT was observed only in the earliest profile, from 1929.
Subject(s)
Geologic Sediments/analysis , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Pesticides/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , DDT/analysis , Environmental Monitoring , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis , Lead Radioisotopes/analysis , Mercury/analysis , Mexico , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysisABSTRACT
Four statements inferenced from: religious traditions, gender or woman status, military heritage and ethnic inheritance, and their influence in nursing, are presented in this article. The ethnic inheritance analyses the issue based upon the cultural influences of the native-indigenous groups and the spanish and mediterranean attributes in nursing development. The religious tradition began with Pedro Claver's J.C. presence between 1610 and 1617. His presence is followed by the "Hermanos Hospitalarios de San Juan de Dios" in 1768, and further with the presence of the sisters of Charity in 1873. Lastly, the article compares the Barcelona's Santa Cruz hospital organization, where at that time, seems to appear a new type of nursing arrangement; with present functions and charges, currently utilized in colombian hospitals (administrator of patient rooms, "servidor", women in charge of female patients and sick children, "ecónoma", chief in charge, and senior male nurse).
Subject(s)
History of Nursing , Anthropology, Cultural , Catholicism/history , Colombia , Culture , Ethnology/history , Female , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Spain , Women's Rights/historyABSTRACT
Popular criteria to define what does is science are analysed. A difference among experience, technique, technology and science is established in order to present, later, in a more detailed fashion characteristics of a particular factual science, as well as its comparison with technology. Status of nursing scientific development, at the light of characteristics of authentic science and technology, participation of Colombian nurses in the process of construction of our professional identity are analyzed in a general way and, finally, conclusion around relationship between nursing and the other health sciences are reached.
