The impact of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies on families: a qualitative study.

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) cause disability and dependence affecting both children and the family. The aim of the study was to describe the perspective of parents of children with DEEs regarding the impact of the disease on the family. We carried out a qualitative study based on the interpretivist paradigm. Twenty-one participants were selected using purposive sampling. Parents of children with DEEs of SCN1A, KCNQ2, CDKL5, PCDH19, and GNAO1 variants were included. In-depth interviews and researcher notes were used for data collection. A thematic analysis was performed on the data. Three themes were identified in the results: (a) Assuming conflicts and changes within the couple, causing them to distance themselves, reducing their time and intimacy and leading them to reconsider having more children; (b) impact of the disorder on siblings and grandparents, where siblings perceived DEE as a burden in their lives, felt neglected, and needed to grow and mature alone; conversely, the grandparents suffered for their grandchildren and the parents, in addition to perceiving that their health worsened, and (c) reconciling the care of the child with family life and work; this led the parents to share tasks, abandon or reduce working hours and ask for help.Conclusions: Caring for a child with DEE can result in neglect of social, psychological, emotional, recreational, educational, or occupational needs and obligations that ultimately impact all family members. What is Known: • Children with DEE may develop seizures and experience developmental and cognitive problems. • Caring for a child with DEE has a social and psychological impact on the entire family.

Impact of the Pandemic on Dementia Care and Caregivers: A Qualitative Study.

Physical distancing measures to limit contagion in the COVID-19 pandemic made it difficult to care for older persons with dementia. Non-essential home visits were prevented and family caregivers took over most of their care. The aim of our study was to describe the lived experience of peoples living with dementia caregivers during the pandemic regarding the care provided and the person cared for. A qualitative phenomenological design was used. Participants were recruited using purposeful sampling. Informants were selected from primary healthcare centers, day centers, and a community mental health unit. The study participants comprised 21 caregivers. Semi-structured in-depth interviews by telephone were used, and field notes were collected from the researchers. A thematic analysis was conducted. The criteria used to control trustworthiness were credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Three main themes and six related sub-themes were identified: (1) care for the person with dementia during the pandemic, including lockdown, associated with difficulties in coping with restrictions, deterioration in health, and the impact of the closure of health and social resources; (2) health and social care provided to people with dementia after the disruptions and the care received from primary care prior to hospital or residential admission; and (3) the caregiver's perspective on the effects of the psycho-emotional impact, and coping strategies adopted in caring. Interventions for people with dementia should be planned in order to prevent the worsening of their health and cognitive status, while also developing programs to prevent stress and alleviate caregiver burden in case of health crises.

Health care concerns in parents of children with different genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: A qualitative study.

AIM: To describe the experiences and unmet medical care needs of a group of parents of children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) caused by the SCN1A, KCNQ2, CDKL5, PCDH19, and GNAO1 variants. METHOD: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Participants were recruited using purposeful sampling. The inclusion criteria consisted of parents of children with DEEs caused by the SCN1A, KCNQ2, CDKL5, PCDH19, or GNAO1 variants, aged between 4 and 10 years old. In total, 21 parents were included. Data were acquired via researcher field notes and in-depth interviews. A thematic analysis was performed. RESULTS: Three main themes were identified: (1) managing symptoms: epileptic seizures are experienced with great uncertainty and are accompanied by cognitive, behavioural, and motor symptoms; (2) accepting treatment: the ideal medication regimen is a challenge and the decision to withdraw or start a new therapy falls on the parents; and (3) therapeutic relationship and medical care: behaviours related to the health professional can hinder the therapeutic relationship with the parents. Parents are apprehensive about going to the emergency department. INTERPRETATION: Professionals in emergency departments should acquire better knowledge of DEEs, welcome parents, and improve treatment for the children. The results of this study can serve as a starting point for a roadmap of relevant caregiver-reported outcomes in DEEs, to be implemented with new clinical trials and aetiology-targeted therapies. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Epileptic seizures are the symptom that is most experienced and feared by parents. The medication regime has no defined protocol and the decision to withdraw a medication is frequently left to parents.

Preocupaciones sobre la atención sanitaria en progenitores de niños con diferentes encefalopatías epilépticas genéticas del desarrollo: Un estudio cualitativo.

OBJETIVO: Describir las experiencias y las necesidades de atención médica de un grupo de progenitores de niños con encefalopatías epilépticas y del desarrollo (EED) causadas por las variantes SCN1A, KCNQ2, CDKL5, PCDH19 y GNAO1. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo. Los participantes fueron reclutados mediante un muestreo intencional. Los criterios de inclusión consistieron en progenitores de niños con EED causadas por las variantes SCN1A, KCNQ2, CDKL5, PCDH19 o GNAO1, con edades comprendidas entre los 4 y los 10 años. En total, se incluyeron 21 progenitores. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante entrevistas en profundidad y notas de campo del investigador. Se realizó un análisis temático. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron tres temas principales: (1) Manejando los síntomas, las crisis epilépticas se viven con gran incertidumbre, y se acompañan de síntomas cognitivos, conductuales y motores que limitan la vida del niño; b) Aceptando el tratamiento, la pauta de la medicación idónea es un reto, la decisión de retirar o comenzar una nueva terapia recae en los progenitores; y c) Relación terapéutica y atención médica, existen comportamientos y acciones del profesional que facilitan o dificultan la relación terapéutica con los progenitores. Acudir al servicio de urgencias es vivido con recelo por los progenitores. INTERPRETACIÓN: Los profesionales de los servicios de urgencias deben conocer mejor las EED, acoger a los progenitores y mejorar el tratamiento de los niños. Los resultados de este estudio pueden servir como punto de partida para una hoja de ruta de los resultados relevantes reportados por los cuidadores de las EED, a implementar nuevos ensayos clínicos y terapias dirigidas a la etiología. QUÉ AÑADE ESTE DOCUMENTO: Las crisis epilépticas son el síntomas más experimentado y temido por los progenitores en las EED. La pauta de la medicación no tiene un protocolo definido y la decisión de retirar una medicación recae en las manos de los progenitores.

Barriers and Facilitators to the Learning and Acquisition of Research Competencies among Nursing Students through Active Methodologies: A Qualitative Study Using Reflective Writing.

BACKGROUND: The development of educational research, critical thinking skills, and evidence-based practice requires proposals for educational innovation. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of undergraduate nursing students on the barriers and facilitators after the implementation of a novel activity within the course of research methodology, composed of three active learning strategies: (a) project-based learning; (b) small-group learning; and (c) self-directed learning. METHODS: A qualitative exploratory study using reflective writing was conducted at the Nursing Department of the Red Cross School (Spain). Seventy-four nursing students participated in the study, enrolled in the research methodology course. Purposive sampling was used. Online reflective notes were collected from a script of open-ended questions. An inductive thematic analysis was performed. RESULTS: The new proposals facilitated learning of the subject matter and its contents. They were useful and enabled the students to put the contents into practice. In addition, they improved the students' organization, planning, and involvement. The barriers identified were a lack of time, ambiguity, inadequate tutoring or novelty of the work, and inequity in the distribution of tasks and workloads. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings shed light on the barriers and facilitators identified by nursing students when implementing an educational innovation proposal, using three active learning methodologies as learning tools for the subject of nursing research.

Great geriatric syndromes: Acquisition of nursing competencies and undergraduate nursing students' perceptions through high-fidelity simulation training.

BACKGROUND: The constant increase in the aging population will lead to a greater demand for high-quality nursing care for this population over the coming years. Early detection and proper treatment of great geriatric syndromes are essential and, consequently, geriatric nurses must acquire the necessary competencies for their adequate management. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the acquisition of the necessary nursing competencies for adequate management of great geriatric syndromes through high-fidelity simulation training and to explore undergraduate nursing students' perceptions about this training. METHODS: 80 undergraduate nursing students participated in a mixed methods study. The simulated scenarios recreated older patients with diagnoses of great geriatric syndromes using standardized patients. Nursing competencies were evaluated using a verification list. 10 focus groups were interviewed to explore their perceptions, conducting a qualitative study with an interpretative approach. RESULTS: Most of the students (86.55 %) acquired the necessary nursing competencies for adequate management of great geriatric syndromes. The nursing students stated that they improved their communication skills (provide solutions to older patients; facilitate and redirect the clinical interview; contrast the information given to the patient), psychological resources (psychological support; physical contact and accompaniment; empathy and persuasion), and geriatric knowledge (identify their lack of knowledge; recognize their limits in terms of healthcare and refer to other health professionals; know the patient's conditions) to provide quality care for older people diagnosed with great geriatric syndromes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of high-fidelity simulation training including standardized patients makes it easier for nursing students to acquire the necessary nursing competencies for adequate management of great geriatric syndromes and improve their clinical skills. Geriatric nursing education should focus on equipping nursing students with the necessary clinical skills, integrating high-fidelity simulation training in geriatric study plans to train students in the nursing care to be provided to older patients, and preparing them for real clinical practice.

The effects of high-fidelity simulation training on empathy and attitudes toward older people among undergraduate nursing students: A quasi-experimental study.

AIM: To evaluate the effects of high-fidelity simulation training on attitudes towards older people and empathy among undergraduate nursing students. BACKGROUND: People worldwide are living longer and, consequently, the number of older people is increasing globally. Geriatric syndromes are highly prevalent and associated with increased morbidity and mortality in this population. Positive attitudes towards older people and high levels of empathy are necessary for the provision of high-quality nursing care, which will contribute towards improving the quality of life of older patients affected by these syndromes. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted using a longitudinal design with a single group and a pre- and post-intervention evaluation. The development of attitudes towards older people and empathy skills were evaluated using high-fidelity simulation-based training, comparing the levels obtained in these skills at baseline and after the simulation experience. The simulated scenarios recreated the great geriatric syndromes in older patients: instability, immobility, intellectual impairment and incontinence. RESULTS: After the simulation sessions, nursing students significantly improved their total scores for both attitudes toward older people and empathy, moreover, improvements were found in the three subscales of empathy. The effect size was large for the total scores of both the attitudes towards older people and the empathy scales and the 'perspective taking' subscale. The obtained effect size was small for the 'compassionate care' subscale, whereas for the 'standing in the patient's shoes' subscale, the obtained effect size was medium. CONCLUSIONS: Our high-fidelity simulation-based training allows undergraduate nursing students to improve their empathy levels and positive attitudes toward older people. The development of these skills may provide benefits directly related to high-quality care for older patients. Therefore, the inclusion of simulation training programs in geriatric nursing study plans is necessary to train nursing students in the care of older people and to prepare them for real clinical practice.

Under-graduate nursing students working during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study of psychosocial effects and coping strategies.

BACKGROUND: The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of health care staff, forcing the hiring of senior nursing students. AIMS: To describe the psychosocial impact and coping strategies used by nursing students during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and to understand the coping strategies they employed. METHOD: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted, based on Sandelowski's proposal. Purposive sampling was carried out to recruit 18 students hired during the pandemic. The students were interviewed between 18 March and 15 June 2020. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using a digital platform. An inductive thematic analysis was performed. FINDINGS: The students lived alone and isolated during their contract to protect their cohabitants from possible contagion. The impact of working during the pandemic leads to experiences of stress, insomnia, nightmares and anxiety. Nursing students coped with the emotional burden through mental disconnection and the support of co-workers and family members. CONCLUSION: Psychological support and tutoring should be provided by health centres. In addition, in these special circumstances, universities should adapt the training provided.

La experiencia de realizar una investigación cualitativa con mujeres con enfermedad renal crónica / The experience of conducting qualitative research with women with chronic kidney disease

La investigación es la plataforma para que la enfermería pueda contribuir a la calidad y gestión en el cuidado de los pacientes. La enfermería se hará visible a los ojos de los propios profesionales como de la sociedad a medida que aplique más intervenciones basadas en la investigación, de esta manera habrá una mayor necesidad de crear conocimiento potenciando la enfermería como disciplina humanista y revelando el carácter autónomo y social que la profesión posee.El propósito del siguiente artículo es narrar desde la mirada de una enfermera la experiencia de realizar una investigación cualitativa con mujeres con enfermedad renal crónica en una unidad de diálisis de un hospital público de la Comunidad de Madrid. (AU)

Research is the platform for nursing to contribute to the quality and management of patient care. Nursing will become visible in the eyes of the professionals themselves as well as of society as it applies more research-based interventions, in this way there will be a greater need to create knowledge, promoting nursing as a humanistic discipline and revealing the autonomous and social character that the profession possesses.The purpose of the following article is to narrate from the perspective of a nurse the experience of conducting qualitative research with women with chronic kidney disease in a dialysis unit of a public hospital in the Community of Madrid. (AU)

Pain management and coping strategies for primary dysmenorrhea: A qualitative study among female nursing students.

AIM: Primary dysmenorrhea is a problem that affects both young and adult women, with a significant impact on their daily lives. This pain is primarily managed through the consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and non-pharmacological approaches such as exercise, acupressure and heat. The present study aimed to describe how Spanish university students manage dysmenorrhea. DESIGN: Qualitative case study. METHODS: Nursing students (N = 33) from the region of Andalusia (Spain) participated in focus groups. A purposive sampling method was used, and the data were collected through videoconferencing and subsequently analysed thematically. The guidelines for conducting qualitative studies established by the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) and the standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR) were followed. RESULTS: Four principal themes were identified: (a) Strategies for pain management; (b) using painkillers; (c) choosing the ideal treatment; (d) non-pharmacological interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The nursing students experienced difficulties in managing primary dysmenorrhea, they self-medicated, expressed reluctance to seek professional medical advice, used non-pharmacological strategies and seeked advice from other women within their family/social circle.

Ethical challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives of nursing students.

BACKGROUND: The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of qualified nurses in Spain. As a result, the government authorized the hiring of senior students. OBJECTIVES: To explore the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts experienced by final-year nursing students who worked during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. RESEARCH DESIGN: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were carried out using a question guide. Interviews took place via a private video chat room platform. A thematic, inductive analysis was performed of the information gathered. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: Eighteen nursing students were recruited from two universities of Madrid, aged between 18 and 65 years old, enrolled in the fourth year of nursing studies and who were hired under a relief contract for health professionals during the pandemic. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The present study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. RESULTS: Three specific themes emerged: (a) coping with patient triage, (b) difficulties in providing end-of-life care, and (c) coping with patient death. Nursing students participated in the process of patient selection for resource allocation and ICU bed occupancy. They were shown how to care for patients who were not admitted to the ICU, in their last moments and were faced with the difficulties of applying end-of-life care. Finally, the nursing students were confronted with the death of their patients, in overwhelming numbers and under adverse conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings can help shed light on the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts faced by novice nursing students, incorporated into the workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it was described that students may normalize the death due to the exhaustion and overwhelmed routine.

A qualitative study on a novel peer collaboration care programme during the first COVID-19 outbreak: A SWOT analysis.

The pandemic has forced nursing teams to incorporate new programmes that modify the organization of care and the use of material resources. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to describe the perspectives of the nursing team about the strengths/opportunities and weaknesses/threats of a novel peer collaboration care programme during the first outbreak of the pandemic. DESIGN: A qualitative case study with focus groups was conducted in June 2020. METHODS: We included 23 participants (seven nurses, seven assistant nursing care technicians and nine charge nurses). Thematic and strengths/opportunities and weaknesses/threats analysis were performed. RESULTS: The strengths of the peer collaboration care programme are the optimization of care and protective equipment. Its weaknesses are that veteran nurses carry the entire burden, and the lack of personal protective equipment makes it difficult to implement the peer collaboration care programme. Finally, misinformation, lack of facilities and time to teach the peer collaboration care programme are considered threats. CONCLUSION: This strengths/opportunities and weaknesses/threats analysis has led to a comprehensive new project to improve the nursing care. IMPACT: The incorporation of the peer collaboration care programme contributed to the development of new organizational and management programmes for the COVID-19 pandemic. This study has gave empirical evidence to nurses and care managers to optimize and organize care, work, human and material resources during the pandemic.

A Multicenter Study about the Population Treated in the Respiratory Triage Stations Deployed by the Red Cross during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Care demand exceeded the availability of human and material resources during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is the reason why triage was fundamental. The objective is to know the clinical and sociodemographic factors of confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases in triage stations from different Ecuadorian provinces. METHOD: A multicenter study with a retrospective and descriptive design. The patients included were those who accessed the Respiratory Triage stations deployed by the Ecuadorian Red Cross in eight Ecuadorian provinces during March and April 2021. Triage allows for selecting patients that need urgent treatment and favors efficacy of health resources. RESULTS: The study population consisted of a total of 21,120 patients, of which 43.1% were men and 56.9% were women, with an age range between 0 and 98 years old. Severity of COVID-19 behaved differently according to gender, with mild symptoms predominating in women and severe or critical symptoms in men. Higher incidence of critical cases was observed in patients over 65 years old. It was observed that overweight predominated in critical, severe, and moderate cases, while the body mass index of patients with mild symptoms was within the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: The Ecuadorian Red Cross units identified some suspected COVID-19 cases, facilitating their follow-up and isolation. Fever was the most significant early finding.

Spiritual Care in Advanced Dementia from the Perspective of Health Providers: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, 47 million people suffer from dementia. Despite recognizing the importance of spirituality within dementia care, it is still unclear how this should be integrated into dementia services. AIM: To explore the perspective of health professionals regarding the spiritual care of people with advanced dementia. METHODS: A qualitative systematic review was performed following the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research guidelines for the study design. The inclusion criteria included original articles published from January 2008 to March 2019, using either qualitative or mixed methods. The quality of the articles included was evaluated using the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research, Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research, and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Synthesis of findings was performed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included in the review. Seventeen categories were identified, grouped into four themes: (1) the perception of spirituality, including the failure to address the same, (2) the spiritual needs of people with advanced dementia, (3) spiritual needs from health care providers, and (4) addressing spirituality, with the following categories: music, significant activities, among others. CONCLUSIONS: Spirituality is not formally addressed in this population, and professionals do not feel confident enough to be able to integrate spirituality in their care. It is necessary to identify and record the spiritual needs of people with advanced dementia, as well as to design specific care programs.

The Meaning of Volunteering among People with Severe Mental Disorders: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study.

This study aimed to describe the perspectives of people with severe mental disorders who volunteer regarding the relationship between volunteering and work, from the framework of personal recovery. A qualitative phenomenological study was undertaken. Purposive sampling was conducted on people with severe mental disorders who participated in volunteering. In-depth unstructured and semi-structured interviews were used, during which researchers took handwritten field notes. An inductive thematic analysis was applied. Twenty-three participants with severe mental disorders were included (16 men and 7 women) with a mean age of 47 years. Three themes emerged: (a) the relationship between volunteering and working; (b) thinking about a possible future job; and (c) disclosing a mental health condition. Volunteering is perceived as a substitute to working, although not all participants feel able to work, and they do not always disclose that they suffer from a mental health condition.

The experience of being a mother with end stage renal disease: A qualitative study of women receiving treatment at an ambulatory dialysis unit.

BACKGROUND: End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has considerable effects on the quality of life, impairing daily activities and leading to lifestyle changes. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the experience of motherhood and taking care of children in women with ESKD. METHODS: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted based on an interpretive framework. Participants were recruited using non-probabilistic purposeful sampling. In total, 14 women with ESKD were included, who were treated at the dialysis unit of a Spanish hospital. In-depth interviews (unstructured and semi-structured interviews) and researchers' field notes were used to collect the data. A systematic text condensation analysis was performed. The techniques performed and application procedures used to control trustworthiness were credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. RESULTS: Three themes emerged from the data. "Coping with being a mother" described how women are faced with the decision to become mothers and assess the risks of pregnancy. The second theme, called "Children and the experience of illness", highlighted the women's struggle to prevent the disease from affecting their children emotionally or disrupting their lives. The third theme, "Fear of genetic transmission", was based on the women's fear of passing the disease on to their children. CONCLUSIONS: Deciding to become a mother and taking care of children represents a challenge for women with ESKD, coupled with the losses in their lives caused by the disease. These findings are only relevant to women on dialysis.

The challenges of "learning on the go": A qualitative study of final-year Spanish nursing students incorporated to work during the first Covid-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of qualified nurses in Spain. As a result, the government authorized the hiring of senior students. OBJECTIVES: To explore the perspectives of a group of final-year nursing students who were hired on the basis of a relief contract for health professionals during the first COVID-19 outbreak, regarding their learning process and their mixed role as students and novice nurses. DESIGN: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted. SETTINGS: The Nursing Department of the European University of Madrid, and the Red Cross College of Nursing. PARTICIPANTS: Eighteen nursing students were recruited, aged between 18 and 65 years old, enrolled in the fourth year of Nursing Studies and who were hired under a relief contract for health professionals during the pandemic. METHODS: Purposive sampling was used. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were carried out using a question guide. Interviews were conducted in a private video chat room platform. Also, a thematic, inductive analysis was performed. This study was conducted according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research and the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. RESULTS: Four specific themes emerged: a) The students' role during the relief contract; b) The learning process during the pandemic; c) Barriers to learning; and d) A unique learning opportunity. The students had an undefined mixed role, which hindered their skills and activities. Learning was self-directed, sometimes through trial and error, and through experiencing critical events. Time constraints and having to learn under pressure were experienced as difficulties for learning. Nevertheless, this was a unique professional learning opportunity. The students learned to be organized and effective, acknowledge their limitations, gain confidence, face their fears, and mature. CONCLUSIONS: These results can help inform nurse training programs and improve the organization and incorporation of nurses in health care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Living with Restrictions. The Perspective of Nursing Students with Primary Dysmenorrhea.

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) affects a large number of female university students, diminishing their quality of life and hindering academic performance, representing a significant cause of absenteeism. The purpose of our study was to determine how nursing students experienced restrictions as a result of primary dysmenorrhea. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted among 33 nursing students with primary dysmenorrhea. A purposeful sampling strategy was applied. Data were collected from five focus groups (two sessions each) and the field notes of 10 researchers. A video meeting platform was used to conduct the focus groups. A thematic inductive analysis was performed. Thirty-three female nursing students participated in the study with a mean age of 22.72 (SD 3.46) years. Three broad themes emerged: (a) restrictions on daily activities and sports; (b) academic restrictions, and (c) restrictions on social and sexual relationships. The students described restrictions in performing everyday activities, such as carrying weight, and shopping. Some students even gave up the practice of sports and were absent from classes at the university, and from clinical practices at the hospital. The pain affected their ability to maintain and create new social relationships. Primary dysmenorrhea caused restrictions in the personal, social and academic life of the nursing students.

Living with Pain and Looking for a Safe Environment: A Qualitative Study among Nursing Students with Dysmenorrhea.

Dysmenorrhea refers to chronic pain associated with menstruation that is often accompanied by other symptoms. Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) occurs without any associated pelvic disease. Nonetheless, it may negatively affect women's quality of life. Among university students, dysmenorrhea decreases academic performance and is a cause of absenteeism. The purposes of our study were to describe how nursing students experienced PD and the changes affecting their body and mood. A qualitative case study was performed among 33 nursing students with PD. Data were collected through five focus groups (with two sessions each) and 10 researchers' field notes. We used a video meeting platform to conduct the focus groups. A thematic analysis was performed, and the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines were followed. Three main themes emerged from the data: (a) living with dysmenorrhea, with two subthemes: menstruation and pain; (b) body changes and mood swings; and (c) seeking a safe environment, with three subthemes: safe environment, unsafe environment, and key safety aspects. Students considered menstruation to be negative and limiting, causing physical and mood changes, making them feel less attractive, and conditioning their way of dressing and relating.

Perspectives of Victims of Gender Violence.

The purpose of the current study was to explore the experiences of women who have been affected by violence and received mental health care. A qualitative phenomenological design was used with in-depth interviews and personal letters in a sample of 29 women from a public mental health center of Madrid, Spain, who were affected by physical, mental, and/or sexual abuse. The analysis revealed three themes: (1) Living With Fear; (2) Feeling Guilty; and (3) Experiencing the Imposition of So-Called "Womanly Duties" (i.e., being a maid, babysitter, and/or sexual slave). The current study highlights the importance of developing educational programs for the prevention of abuse. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(6), 30-39.].