ABSTRACT
The Helicobacter genus includes Gram negative bacteria which were originally considered to belong to the Campylobacter genus. They have been classified in a separate genus since 1989 because they have different biochemical characteristics, with more than 24 species having been identified and more still being studied.H. pylori is the best known. It has an important etiopathogenic role in peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Enterohepatic Helicobacters (EHH) other than H. pylori colonize the bowel, biliary tree and liver of animals and human beings with pathogenic potential. The difficulties existing to correctly isolate these microorganisms limit the description of their true prevalence and of the diseases they cause. Many studies have tried to discover the different clinical implications of EHH. Diseases like chronic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, hepatocarcinoma, autoimmune hepatobiliary disease, biliary lithiasis, cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer, Meckel´s diverticulum, acute appendicitis and inflammatory bowel disease have been related with different EHH species with different results, although their prevalence is greater than in healthy subjects. However, these data are currently not sufficient to draw definitive conclusions. Finally, the best known role of EHH in bowel disease is production of acute and chronic diarrhea pictures initially referred to as Campylobacter. H. pullorum has been identified in patients with acute gastroenteritis. The correct identification of EHH as producers of infectious gastroenteritis is found in its antibiotic susceptibility. It is generally macrolide-susceptible and quinolone-resistant.
Subject(s)
Helicobacter Infections/microbiology , Helicobacter , Liver Diseases/microbiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/microbiology , Humans , Pancreatic Diseases/microbiologyABSTRACT
El género Helicobacter engloba bacterias Gram negativas que en un principio se consideraban pertenecientes al género Campylobacter, y desde 1989 se clasificaron en un género separado debido a características bioquímicas diferentes, con más de 24 especies identificadas y otras aún en estudio. H. pylori es el más conocido y tiene un importante papel etiopatogénico en la patología péptica y cáncer gástrico. Otros Helicobacter enterohepáticos (HEH) distintos de H. pylori colonizan el intestino, el árbol biliar y el hígado de animales y seres humanos con potencial patógeno. Las dificultades para el correcto aislamiento de estos microorganismos limitan la descripción de su prevalencia real y de las patologías que provocan. Múltiples estudios intentan desvelar las diferentes implicaciones clínicas de los HEH. Patologías como la hepatopatía crónica, hepatitis autoinmune, hepatocarcinoma, enfermedad hepatobiliar autoinmune, litiasis biliar, colangiocarcinoma y cáncer de vesícula biliar, cáncer de páncreas, diverticulitis de Meckel, apendicitis aguda y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal se han relacionado con diferentes especies de HEH con diferentes resultados, aunque con una mayor prevalencia que en sujetos sanos. No obstante, estos datos son insuficientes para sacar conclusiones definitivas por el momento. Por último, el papel más conocido de los HEH en la patología intestinal es la producción de cuadros diarreicos agudos y crónicos referidos inicialmente como Campylobacter. H. pullorum se ha identificado en pacientes con gastroenteritis aguda. La correcta identificación de HEH como productores de gastroenteritis infecciosa radica en su sensibilidad antibiótica, generalmente sensible a macrólidos y resistente a quinolonas (AU)
The Helicobacter genus includes Gram negative bacteria which were originally considered to belong to the Campylobacter genus. They have been classified in a separate genus since 1989 because they have different biochemical characteristics, with more than 24 species having been identified and more still being studied. H. pylori is the best known. It has an important etiopathogenic role in peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Enterohepatic Helicobacters (EHH) other than H. pylori colonize the bowel, biliary tree and liver of animals and human beings with pathogenic potential. The difficulties existing to correctly isolate these microorganisms limit the description of their true prevalence and of the diseases they cause. Many studies have tried to discover the different clinical implications of EHH. Diseases like chronic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, hepatocarcinoma, autoimmune hepatobiliary disease, biliary lithiasis, cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer, Meckel´s diverticulum, acute appendicitis and inflammatory bowel disease have been related with different EHH species with different results, although their prevalence is greater than in healthy subjects. However, these data are currently not sufficient to draw definitive conclusions. Finally, the best known role of EHH in bowel disease is production of acute and chronic diarrhea pictures initially referred to as Campylobacter. H. pullorum has been identified in patients with acute gastroenteritis. The correct identification of EHH as producers of infectious gastroenteritis is found in its antibiotic susceptibility. It is generally macrolidesusceptible and quinolone-resistant (AU)
