Social Dynamics, Gendered Subjectivities, and Surreptitious Acts of Agency From Women to Face Intimate Partner Violence in a Rural Community of Peru.

The article analyzes women's inner subjective processes while engaged in male-to-female intimate partner violence (IPV) situations. Through in-depth interviews with 12 women who had suffered violence in a rural community in Peru, it examines three topics: social dynamics that simultaneously contribute to resist within and openly question IPV, the transformations of hegemonic femininity in the community and the implications on their gendered subjectivities, and women's surreptitious acts and processes of agency to recalibrate power within their situation of IPV. In conclusion, women experience inner psychic tensions about themselves, their partners, and their relationships, which enables them to question IPV while resisting within the violent situation.

Promoting justice through community-based research: International case studies.

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches to promoting justice focus on working from the ground up and giving a voice to marginalized communities regarding their concerns, potential solutions, and how to address social justice issues that matter to them. The pursuit of justice is often related to efforts to attain personal as well as collective well-being. In this paper, we illustrate three exemplars of community psychologists' efforts to promote justice. Within each case study, we discuss the social and community context and examine how the researchers built partnerships and solidarity, developed ways of doing, and approached challenges and solutions. First, we present an example to promote economic justice through an entrepreneurship initiative developed in collaboration with young Black youth with disabilities in the United States. The second case illustrates an effort to promote reproductive justice in collaboration with Roma women and girls in Spain. The third exemplar depicts the use of life stories as a method to raise the voices of displaced, marginalized indigenous women in Peru. Based on these three case studies, we present a synthesis model of social justice. We also discuss implications for future studies emphasizing the importance of engaging community participants in research meaningful ways, developing sustainable partnerships, and decolonizing research.

Presencias y ausencias de la ética en la formación en psicología comunitaria en el Perú / Presences and absences of ethics in training in community psychology in Perú / Presenças e ausências de ética na formação em psicologia comunitária no Peru

Enmarcado en el proyecto de investigación latinoamericana "Ética y Formación en Psicología Comunitaria", el presente artículo analiza sílabos de cursos de Psicología Comunitaria y cursos afines en el Perú. El objetivo es identificar las presencias y ausencias de componentes éticos en la enseñanza de esta área como parte de la formación profesional de bachilleres en Psicología a nivel nacional. Se realizó un análisis documental cuantitativo y cualitativo de 48 sílabos, pertenecientes a 22 universidades peruanas. Los resultados muestran que los cursos de Psicología Comunitaria y cursos afines son incluidos desde etapas tempranas de los programas de Psicología, con frecuencia con referencia a aspectos éticos y trabajo de campo, pero con ausencias claves que afectan el desarrollo de la disciplina en su carácter transformador, como son metodologías inconsistentes con los postulados de la Psicología Comunitaria latinoamericana, limitados o nulos espacios de reflexión sobre la propia práctica, y dificultades para incluir problemáticas locales.

Framed in the Latin-American research project "Ethics and Training in Community Psychology", the present article reports an analysis of Community Psychology and similar courses in Peru. The aim is to identify presences and absences of ethical components when teaching this area, as part of the professional Psychology bachelor's degree nationwide. Based on 48 syllabi from 22 Peruvian universities, the results in both quantitative and qualitative analysis of the major research show that Community Psychology and similar courses are often included in the first years of Psychology studies and that ethic is mentioned as part of the courses. However, the syllabi lack of key elements that affect the development of the discipline in its transformative nature, such as methodologies that are not consistent with the principles of Latin-American Community Psychology, limited or none-existing monitoring spaces for the fieldwork, and the difficulty to include local issues.

Enquadrado no projeto de pesquisa latino-americano "Ética e Formação em Psicologia Comunitária", este artigo analisa ligações de cursos de Psicologia Comunitária e cursos relacionados no Peru. O objetivo é identificar a presença e ausência de componentes éticos no ensino dessa área como parte da formação profissional de graduados do ensino médio em Psicologia em nível nacional. Foi realizada uma análise documental quantitativa e qualitativa de 48 ligações pertencentes a 22 universidades peruanas. Os resultados mostram que a Psicologia Comunitária e cursos relacionados estão incluídos desde os estágios iniciais dos programas de Psicologia, muitas vezes com referência a aspectos éticos e trabalho de campo, mas com ausências-chave que afetam o desenvolvimento da disciplina em seu caráter transformador, tais como metodologias inconsistentes com os postulados da Psicologia Comunitária latino-americana, espaço limitado ou nenhum para reflexão sobre sua própria prática e dificuldades em incluir problemas locais.

Síndrome de Agotamiento Profesional y Trabajadores Penitenciarios Peruanos. Una Mirada Cualitativa a los Factores Institucionales y Sociales / Professional Burnout Syndrome and Peruvian Prison Workers. A Qualitative Study of Institutional and Social Factors / Síndrome do Esgotamento Profissional e Trabalhadores Penitenciários Peruanos. Um Olhar Qualitativo Sobre os Fatores Institucionais e Sociais

Resumen El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cualitativa a nivel nacional acerca de los factores institucionales y sociales asociados al Síndrome de Agotamiento Profesional (SAP) y al estrés laboral en trabajadores penitenciarios peruanos. Se realizaron 21 entrevistas a autoridades del Instituto Nacional Penitenciario del Perú (INPE) y 12 grupos focales con 59 trabajadores de las áreas de tratamiento y seguridad, de diez establecimientos penitenciarios (EP) a nivel nacional. Se encuentran como factores institucionales y sociales principales: (a) variables políticas y económicas estructurales de instituciones públicas, (b) relaciones interpersonales laborales, y (c) percepción del interno/a. Finalmente, se enfatiza en la comprensión multidimensional del SAP donde se incorporen en el análisis aspectos políticos, sociales y subjetivos. De manera particular, el artículo aporta en cómo la percepción de los internos, desde los trabajadores penitenciarios, podría estar impactando en la prevalencia del sap y los objetivos institucionales.

Abstract The article presents the results of a nationwide qualitative research project on the institutional and social factors associated with Occupational Burnout Syndrome and job stress in Peruvian prison officers. 21 interviews were carried out with authorities from the National Penitentiary Institute of Peru (INPE) and 12 focus groups that included 59 workers from the treatment and security areas of ten penitentiaries at the national level. The main institutional and social factors identified were: (a) structural political and economic variables pertaining to public institutions, (b) interpersonal job relations, and (c) perception of inmates. The article argues for a multidimensional understanding of Burnout Syndrome that incorporates political, social, and subjective aspects into the analysis, and places special emphasis on how prison workers' perception of inmates might be influencing the prevalence of PBS and the institutional objectives.

Resumo O artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa qualitativa em nível nacional sobre os fatores institucionais e sociais associados à Síndrome do Esgotamento Profissional (SEP) e ao estresse laboral em trabalhadores penitenciários peruanos. Foram realizadas 21 entrevistas com autoridades do Instituto Nacional Penitenciário do Peru (INPE) e 12 grupos focais com 59 trabalhadores das áreas de tratamento e segurança, em dez presídios (ep), em nível nacional. São apresentados os principais fatores institucionais e sociais: (a) variáveis políticas e económicas estruturais das instituições públicas, (b) relações de trabalho interpessoais e (c) percepção do interno(a). Finalmente, enfocou-se a compreensão multidimensional da SEP, em que aspectos políticos, sociais e subjetivos são incorporados à análise. Em particular, o artigo mostra como a percepção que os trabalhadores penitenciários têm dos reclusos pode causar impacto na prevalência da SEP e nos objetivos institucionais.

Improving community mental health services for people affected by political violence in Ayacucho, Perú.

This study describes a model to intervene in communities affected by the political violence impacting the Ayacucho region of Peru since 1980s. Many community members still experience psychosocial consequences to this day due primarily to grief. Thirty-eight professionals from different sectors in the area received specialized training and implemented five community projects that were accompanied and monitored in the field by a team of community psychologists. This article is grounded on the principles of participation, building community capacity, and community strengthening. We present the analysis of five community action plans implemented over a period of 14 months. The results show a process of internal strengthening of community services and the identification of new social and community resources among the people involved in the action plans. The implications of capacity building for improving community mental health are discussed.

Conceptions About Social Violence and Violence Against Women: Community Participatory Diagnosis at Manchay, Lima.

This article is the result of a participatory diagnosis about social violence and violence against women carried out with both female and male inhabitants of San Pablo Mirador (SPM), an urban neighborhood located in the upper area of Manchay, Lima. It was requested by the nongovernmental organization (NGO) Ruwasunchis, and was carried out by a group of faculties and students of the Master Program in Community Psychology at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. This article reports the conceptions and the dynamics of social violence in SPM, specifically violence against women, and the resources used by its members in order to address this violence in the community.