ABSTRACT
The role of exogenous testosterone (methyltrienolone) in the repair of damaged pancreatic islet and liver cells during alloxan diabetes was studied. Modeling of diabetes was performed through single intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan, with the dose 2 mg per 10 g of body weight. Pancreatic and liver tissues were investigated microscopically using 3-4 µm slices embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Software Adobe Photoshop was used to measure the areas of pancreatic islets as well as areas of necrotic foci in these islets of animals with Alloxan-induced experimental diabetes. The degree of liver damage was assessed by a 5-score "visual scale". The animals with diabetes revealed degenerative changes of pancreatic islets and liver tissue, the intensity of which correlates with the time-period passed since diabetic modeling. These changes correspond to the metabolic abnormalities described for various experimental models or clinical cases of diabetes. The study revealed that treatment of Alloxan-induced diabetes with testosterone (methyltrienolone) restores not only the biochemical disorders (as previously described) but also supports to reverse the pathological changes in pancreatic and liver tissues.
Subject(s)
Alloxan , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Islets of Langerhans/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Testosterone/therapeutic use , Animals , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology , Islets of Langerhans/pathology , Liver/pathology , Male , Rats, Wistar , Testosterone/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Hospice and palliative care development, in terms of availability and services, occur to varying degrees in the developing world. In this paper, the evolution of palliative care practices in four developing nations (Nigeria, Georgia, Ethiopia and Tanzania) is described. By highlighting common problems as well as the unique individual perspectives of each country's practice, this paper aims at increasing global awareness of palliative care in the developing world. While the call for palliative care to become a fundamental human right is sustained, it is also hoped that this article will stimulate a global discussion on the best possible way to encourage the establishment and growth of palliative care services in other developing countries where hitherto it has not been in existence, with policymakers and healthcare professionals taking the lead through the institution of sound national policies to promote and provide palliative care to all citizenry.
