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1.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 19(3): 200-4, 2000 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10795593

ABSTRACT

In 1996-1997 data was collected and a Mantoux tuberculin test performed in 2882 Italian military recruits aged 18-23 years in order to establish the prevalence of tuberculin reactivity. In addition, the annual risk of infection, defined as the probability that a non-infected individual would be infected during the following year, was calculated. Of the 2882 recruits, 513 had received a BCG vaccination, the remaining 2369 had not. The overall prevalence of subjects with a tuberculin skin reaction size >5 mm (the cut-off point for positivity corresponding to the antimode in the reaction size frequency curve) was 6.1% (144/2369). The prevalence of skin reactivity increased with age but remained similar when related to area of residence, duration of father's school education and family size. The same general trend was observed if the standard pre-established cut-off point of 10 mm was used. In this case the overall prevalence of a positive skin reaction was 4% (95/2369). The annual risk of infection was 0.3% for a prevalence of tuberculin skin reactivity of 6.1% (cut-off point 5 mm) and 0.19% for a prevalence of 4% (cut-off point 10 mm). Analysis of the population sample vaccinated with BCG showed a lack of correlation between the positive reaction after vaccination reported retrospectively by the subject and the current skin reaction observed by the physician in this study (K = 0.254). Moreover, a significant difference was observed between the skin reaction in subjects vaccinated with BCG in 1993-1994 (average size 12.5 mm) and that of subjects vaccinated in 1995-1996 (average size 10.1 mm, P<0.01), probably as a consequence of mycobacteria circulating in the general population which act as a natural booster in people already vaccinated with BCG. A booster effect of tuberculin in Mantoux assays also cannot be excluded.


Subject(s)
Military Personnel , Tuberculin Test , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , BCG Vaccine , Humans , Italy/epidemiology , Male , Prevalence , Vaccination
2.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) ; 19(4): 165-6, 1991.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1818517

ABSTRACT

A jail population has been followed for one year to study the risk of HIV-seroconversion. Our data show that life in jail is not necessarily a condition for HIV spread. In fact no variation of seropositivity distribution has been found.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections/transmission , HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology , Prisoners , Comorbidity , Female , Follow-Up Studies , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Risk , Sexual Behavior , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Transfusion Reaction
3.
J Hosp Infect ; 15 Suppl A: 81-5, 1990 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1971651

ABSTRACT

An open prospective randomized trial was conducted in three Italian ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery departments on 120 patients aged 10 to 84 years, to compare a single pre-operative dose vs. three peri-operative doses of ceftazidime in surgical prophylaxis. Sixty patients in group I received 1 g ceftazidime intramuscularly (im) or intravenously (iv) 1 h before surgery, and 60 in group II received three 1 g doses of ceftazidime, im or iv, 1 h before, and 6 and 12 h after surgery. Post-operative infections were observed in six group I patients (10.1%) and seven group II patients (11.6%). All infections arose in patients who had undergone 'moderate-risk' (6.7%) or 'high-risk' surgery (30.5%). We conclude that a single pre-operative 1 g dose of ceftazidime is as efficacious as multiple peri-operative doses in the prophylaxis of infectious complications following this type of surgery.


Subject(s)
Ceftazidime/administration & dosage , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/surgery , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Premedication , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Ceftazidime/therapeutic use , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Infection Control , Infections/epidemiology , Infusions, Intravenous , Injections, Intramuscular , Italy/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/drug therapy , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
5.
Eur J Epidemiol ; 3(2): 137-42, 1987 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3609247

ABSTRACT

A survey on the prevalence of leptospirosis was performed on the population living in an area of central Italy. The size of the sample was calculated in order to provide significant results in the case of a prevalence of infection in not less than 1% of the population. Results demonstrated an unexpectedly wide circulation of leptospirosis in the surveyed area, showing a prevalence rate of infection of 11.34% for people living in rural areas and 3.08% for people living in the main town. The highest prevalence of infection (17.44%) was found in people between 30 and 44 years of age, living in rural areas. Such a wide circulation of undiagnosed past leptospiral infections was attributed both to the prevalence of mild clinical cases of leptospirosis in humans and the lack of microbiological tests performed to differentiate current leptospirosis from other infectious illnesses. An unexpected persistence in sera of co-agglutinins towards non-pathogenic serovars of L. biflexa was also noticed in healthy people. Criteria were established for the extension of the survey on the prevalence of leptospirosis to cover larger areas by limiting sampling to the more exposed age groups and to areas representative of a larger land belt.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Agglutination Tests , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Italy , Leptospira/classification , Leptospira/immunology , Leptospirosis/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Rural Population , Urban Population
6.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol ; 25(5): 279-81, 1987 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3496284

ABSTRACT

A simple open randomized study was performed to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of ofloxacin and cotrimoxazole in 40 patients with complicated urinary tract infections. In these patients ofloxacin produced better clinical results than cotrimoxazole. The results were also excellent when cotrimoxazole-resistant strains were involved, even in immunocompromised hosts.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary/therapeutic use , Oxazines/therapeutic use , Sulfamethoxazole/therapeutic use , Trimethoprim/therapeutic use , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Drug Combinations/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ofloxacin , Random Allocation , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology
7.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol ; 25(5): 282-8, 1987 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3298082

ABSTRACT

Within the framework of an investigation into otorhinolaryngoiatric bacterial infections in Italy conducted in 1159 patients (607 with otitis media, 354 with pharyngo-tonsillitis and 198 with sinusitis), 124 ceftazidime-treated subjects (92 with otitis media, 22 with pharyngo-tonsillitis and 10 with sinusitis) were observed. The authors report the examination of a number of microbial isolates obtained in the various forms of otorhinolaryngoiatric bacterial infection. Gram-negative organisms were found as causative agents in such diseases, particularly in otitis media. Bacterial resistance to ceftazidime was assessed in all 1159 cases and proved relatively infrequent (3.6%) and markedly less than the detected resistance to other antibiotics (10.7% resistance to cefotaxime, 35% resistance to ampicillin, 43% resistance to penicillin). Ceftazidime, used mainly in otitis media, showed very substantial clinical efficacy with positive results in as many as 97% of cases treated, which is particularly significant, if one considers that roughly 64% of the infections were caused by "difficult" gram-negative bacteria (49% by Pseudomonas).


Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Ceftazidime/therapeutic use , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Otitis Media/drug therapy , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/etiology , Pharyngitis/drug therapy , Sinusitis/drug therapy , Tonsillitis/drug therapy
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