[The saccharide components of wood hydrolysates--a constituent part of the fermentation media for the biosynthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics]. / Sakharidnye komponenty gidrolizatov drevesiny--sostavnaia chast' fermentatsionnykh sred dlia biosinteza betalaktamnykh antibiotikov.

Spruce and ash wood were subjected to acid hydrolysis. The hydrolysates were paper chromatographed for the presence of saccharides. The following monosaccharides were detected: D-xylose, D-mannose, D-glucose, D-galactose and L-arabinose. The monosaccharides and L-rhamnose in addition in the form of concentrated solutions were used as part of lactose in production of penicillin V. Similarly, the whole amounts of D-glucose and saccharose were substituted in biosynthesis of cephalosporin C. With regard to the results it follows that hydrolysates of the conifers and especially of the hardwood can substitute part of the fermentation medium components in production of penicillin V and cephalosporin C.

[Antioxidant stabilization of the antifoaming agents used in the fermentation process]. / Stabilizatsiia penogasitelei, ispol'zuemykh v protsesse fermentatsii, antiokisliteliami.

Oils used as antifoaming agents in fermentation are subjected to oxidation to form various products, such as aldehydes, carboxylic acids, peroxides, etc. The negative effect of such products on biosynthesis of chlortetracycline by strains VUA 84 and Iz 22/VUPL of Str. aureofaciens was recorded. The level of the oil oxidation was characterized by the contents of peroxides and epihydrinaldehydes. The Kreiss qualitative test was modified for quantitative estimation of epihydrinalydehydes. The oil antifoaming agents characterized by the routine parameters used in determination of oil quality, such as acid number, saponification number and iodine number. In the control experiments lard and soybeen oil were oxidized by air at a temperature of 100 degrees C without an antioxidant (2,6-ditetrabutyl-4-methylphenol). The oil antifoaming agents such as soybeen oil and lard were tested in biosynthesis of chlortetracycline carried out in flasks and pilot plant 750 1 apparatus. Antioxidant 4K, an alkylphenol antioxidant, in a 2% concentration proved to be effective for prevention of oxidation and nontoxic for the culture.

[Criteria for evaluating calcium carbonate from the point of view of chlortetracycline biosynthesis]. / Kriterii otsenki uglekislogo kal'tsiia s tochki zreniia biosinteza khlortetratsiklina

Calcium carbonate is added to fermentation media in biosynthesis of tetracyclines for providing definite pH values and binding tetracycline into insoluble complexes. Seven different samples were studied with respect to their physical properties, such as the microscopic size of the particles, their form, capacity for agglomeration, specific volume, rate of the particle precipitation and chemical properties, such as purity, buffer capacity, effect on the medium pH before and after sterilization. The above properties were studied in comparison with activity chlortetracycline biosynthesis. Microfine calcium carbonate proved to be the best from the point of view of productivity of Str. aureofaciens. With its use the activity of the culture fluid increased by 20 per cent as compared to the other samples. The titration curve of the sample had the lowest bend.