ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder, with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) significantly impacting the cardiovascular (CV) system. Our comprehensive study on the cardiovascular effects of liraglutide, conducted concurrently with the formulation of diabetes treatment guidelines, aims to provide healthcare providers and patients with reassurance regarding the safety and effectiveness of liraglutide. From the beginning until August 20, 2023, we conducted searches in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar. These searches aimed to identify studies comparing liraglutide to control in terms of symptom resolution among patients with T2DM. For all relevant outcomes, we calculated risk ratios along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Thirteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this analysis. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction, CV mortality, and all-cause mortality. No significant difference was found between the liraglutide and control groups for the outcome of stroke. However, sensitivity analysis revealed a significant reduction in the risk of stroke among patients taking liraglutide. Our comprehensive meta-analysis strongly supports the use of liraglutide for managing cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to its established safety and effectiveness. Further RCTs and meta-analyses are needed to more thoroughly evaluate liraglutide's therapeutic potential, with the aim of enhancing the quality of life for those with CVD.
ABSTRACT
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a frequently used treatment option for achieving a better prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). However, due to reported adverse effects, patients are often hesitant to consider this treatment. Consequently, the aim of this systemic review and meta-analysis is to further investigate the effects of MSCs on survival outcomes, hospital readmissions, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in individuals with pre-existing HF. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library to review studies published up until July 16, 2023. Risk ratios were generated using the extracted data for all the outcomes except LVEF. The mean difference was generated for LVEF. Sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate heterogeneity, and the risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled results revealed that the MSC therapy group did not significantly affect the outcomes of cardiovascular death, rehospitalization rate, myocardial infarction, recurrence of HF, and total death when compared to a control group. However, MSC therapy was significantly associated with an increased LVEF (RR = 3.35; 95% CI: 0.79-5.72; p = 0.010; I2 = 95%). Upon sensitivity analysis, MSC therapy was significantly associated with a decreased hospitalization rate (RR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.34-0.64; p < 0.00001; I2 = 0%). MSC transplantation results in a significantly improved LVEF and rehospitalization rate.
