ABSTRACT
Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a Gram-negative bacteria identified as a rare infectious agent, more commonly seen among immune-compromised hosts. Infections include bacteremia, septicemia leading to septic shock, bone and soft-tissue infections such as septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, infection of shunts, and implantable devices. Although the organism has been reported to have low pathogenicity, infections in the immune compromised can be devastating leading to even death.
Résumé Sphingomonas paucimobilis est une bactérie Gram-négative identifiée comme un agent infectieux rare, plus fréquemment observé chez les hôtes immunodéprimés. Les infections comprenaient la bactériémie, la septicémie entraînant un choc septique, les infections des os et des tissus mous telles que l'arthrite septique, l'ostéomyélite, l'infection des shunts et des dispositifs implantables. Bien que l'organisme ait été signalé comme ayant une faible pathogénicité, les infections chez les personnes immunodéprimées peuvent être dévastatrices et même entraîner la mort. Mots clés: Sphingomonas, stéroïdes, antibiotiques.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections , Sepsis , Sphingomonas , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Bacteremia/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Humans , SteroidsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chronotype is the circadian time preference for sleep-wake timings. However, its impact on cognitive performance is least explored. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the effect of chronotype (morning "M" vs. evening "E") on cognitive measures as a function of time of the day. In addition, the correlation between electroencephalogram (EEG) waves and subjective/objective cognitive measures were investigated. METHOD: Cognitive status of 28 adult male subjects (15 "M" and 13 "E") was assessed objectively through event-related potential (ERP) by administering visual odd ball paradigm test and subjectively through Montreal Cognitive Assessment questionnaire. In addition, 20 to 30 min of resting EEG was recorded. Recordings were done from 8 to 10 am and from 4 to 6 pm on a single day. Power spectral analysis of EEG for alpha and beta waves at PZ and FZ cortical sites was done after subjecting selected epochs to fast Fourier transformation. Also, latency and amplitude of P300 potential from event-related potential record were measured. Appropriate statistical tests were applied for analysis. RESULTS: Higher alpha and beta power was observed in "E" at PZ in the evening. "M" showed increased P300 latency and amplitude during evening session for frequent and rare stimuli and vice versa in "E."' Significant negative correlation was seen between latency of rare stimuli and alpha and beta power at FZ site during evening in "E" chronotype only. CONCLUSION: Result indicates better attention and alertness during evening hours in evening chronotypes and vice versa in morning chronotypes. The findings could be implemented to schedule the mental performance/cognitive load according to individual chronotype.
