ABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of calcium hydroxide (CH) with antibiotic combinations: daptomycin and gentamicin against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) dentinal biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty freshly extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were inoculated with E. faecalis(ATCC 29212) (n = 30) (group A) and clinical isolates (n = 30) (group B) for 3 weeks to form a biofilm. The tooth samples of groups A and B were randomly divided into three subgroups of 10 each, groups 1A and 1B (CH), groups 2A and 2B (CH+G), groups 3A and 3B (CH+D), depending on the medicaments to be placed for one week. The difference between initial and final CFU was calculated and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Among the clinical isolates, CH-antibiotic combinations were more effective than CH alone, which was statistically significant (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: The dentinal biofilm of clinical isolates of E. faecalis strains exhibited more reduction in bacterial colonies with CH in combination with antibiotics (D and G). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Daptomycin and gentamicin when used as an intra-canal medicament in combination with CH are effective in eliminating E. faecalis. Keywords: Calcium hydroxide, Daptomycin, Dentinal biofilm, E. faecalis, Gentamicin.
Subject(s)
Calcium Hydroxide , Daptomycin , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Biofilms , Calcium Hydroxide/pharmacology , Daptomycin/pharmacology , Dental Pulp Cavity , Dentin , Enterococcus faecalis , Gentamicins/pharmacology , Root Canal IrrigantsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The objective is to evaluate the effect of collagen stabilizing agents-chitosan and proanthocyanidin (PA) on the shear bond strength to dentin and microleakage of resin composite at enamel and cemental walls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty premolars were decoronated 2 mm above cemento-enamel junction and restored with composite resin. Teeth were then randomly divided into three groups: Group I - Control, Group II - Pre-treatment with chitosan, and Group III - Pre-treatment with PA. Samples were then subjected to thermocycling for 500 cycles at 5°C and 55°C with the dwell time of 30 s and transfer time of 5-10 s. Then, the samples were subjected to shear bond strength evaluation on Universal testing machine. Shear load was applied until failure occurred. The load to failure was recorded individually and statistical analysis was done. Microleakage was determined by methylene blue dye penetration method and subjected to stereomicroscopic evaluation. Statistical analysis was carried out using Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square test. RESULTS: Group II specimens produced the highest median shear bond strength and group I showed the least. In addition, Group I, Group II, and Group III showed no statistically significant difference in microleakage. CONCLUSIONS: Application of Chitosan and PA improved the shear bond strength to dentin as compared to the control. However, no significant difference in shear bond strength and microleakage was found between them.
ABSTRACT
AIMS: The aim of this study is to retrospectively determine the prevalence of impacted second molars and associated dental and radiographic findings in South Indian population. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Cross-sectional design. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental records of 4976 patients depending on the selection criteria from various dental clinics in South India were retrospectively analyzed in this study. All selected radiographs and records were examined by the two authors. The angle of impacted second molars was also recorded on panoramic radiographs. Data were tabulated and analyzed. RESULTS: The prevalence of impacted second mandibular molars was found to be 0.16%. In seven cases, the impaction was unilateral with three on the left and four on the right, and in one case, it was bilateral. The prevalence was found to be more in females than males. The angle of impaction was found to range from 19° to 80°. CONCLUSIONS: Although the prevalence of impacted second molars is low, it is crucial to diagnose early for optimal treatment.
