ABSTRACT
Rotenone, an environmental toxin, is used to induce neurodegeneration in both the cellular and animal model of Parkinson's disease. Demethoxycurcumin (DMC), derivative of curcumin has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics in in vitro and in vivo PD conditions. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of DMC in the management of neurodegeneration in PD. Male Wistar rats were radomized and divided into control, rotenone, DMC +rotenone and rotenone alone treated animals. Pre-treatment with DMC one hour prior to the rotenone injection, attenuated the motor and non-motor deficits. Western blot analysis indicated that the administration of DMC to PD rats eased the protein expression of dopaminergic and apoptotic indices. These findings showed that DMC effects on ameliorating the PD symptoms induced by rotenone might be associated with the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of this compound.
Subject(s)
Curcumin/analogs & derivatives , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Rotenone , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Cognitive Dysfunction/chemically induced , Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy , Curcumin/pharmacology , Curcumin/therapeutic use , Diarylheptanoids , Disease Models, Animal , Male , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Random Allocation , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Rotenone is a pesticide that has been shown to induce the pathological symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) in both cellular and animal models. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of Agaricus blazei extract on rotenone-induced dopaminergic degeneration and apoptosis in mice model. A. blazei extract blocked the rotenone-mediated diminution of dopamine transporter (DAT) and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT 2) expression and the downregulation of Bcl-2 and the upregulation of Bax, caspases-3, -6, -8 and caspase-9. Present data suggest that A. blazei extract plays a crucial role in regulation of proteins expression such as DAT and VMAT2 and pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic in Parkinsonism. In conclusion, the present study shows that A. blazei extract act as potential neuroprotective agent in the management of Parkinsonism.
Subject(s)
Agaricus/chemistry , Complex Mixtures/therapeutic use , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Animals , Complex Mixtures/isolation & purification , Disease Models, Animal , Male , Mice , Neuroprotective Agents/isolation & purification , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , RotenoneABSTRACT
Neuroinflammation and oxidative damage are the two main malfactors that play an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental and clinical Parkinson's disease (PD). The current study was aimed to study the possible anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract of Agaricus blazei (A. blazei) against rotenone-induced PD in mice. Male Albino mice were randomized and divided into the following groups: control, treated with rotenone (1â mg/kg/day), co-treated with rotenone and A. blazei (50, 100, and 200â mg/kg b.w.), and treated with A. blazei alone (200â mg/kg b.w.). After the end of the experimental period, behavioral studies, biochemical estimations, and protein expression patterns of inflammatory markers were studied. Rotenone treatment exhibited enhanced motor impairments, neurochemical deficits, oxidative stress, and inflammation, whereas oral administration of A. blazei extract attenuated the above-said indices. Even though further research is needed to prove its efficacy in clinical studies, the results of our study concluded that A. blazei extract offers a promising and new therapeutic lead for treatment of PD.
Subject(s)
Agaricus/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Dopamine/metabolism , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/drug therapy , Animals , Catalase/metabolism , Dopamine/deficiency , Glutathione/analysis , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Male , Mice , Mitochondria/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Rotenone/toxicity , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysisABSTRACT
The present study was aimed to find out the effect of Agaricus blazei mushroom extract against rotenone-induced cellular model. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells are divided into four experimental groups (control, rotenone (100â nM), A. blazei (5â µg/ml) + rotenone (100â nM), and A. blazei alone treated) based on MTT assay, cells were allowed to measure the ROS, TBARS levels, and antioxidants activities. Finally, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP) and expressions of apoptotic proteins were also analyzed. Pre-treatment with A. blazei significantly enhanced cell viability, attenuated rotenone-induced ROS, MMP, and apoptosis. Our results indicated that anti-apoptotic properties of this natural compound due to its antioxidant and mitochondrial protective function protect rotenone-induced cytotoxicity. Therefore, it may be concluded that A. blazei can be further developed as a promising drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD).
