ABSTRACT
The present retrospective study evaluated intraocular pressure (IOP) and medication burden after bimatoprost sustained-release (bimatoprost SR, Durysta, Allergan) implantation in patients with glaucoma. A secondary objective was to examine an effect of bimatoprost SR in a subset of patients with prior minimally invasive and incisional glaucoma surgery. A retrospective chart review of 122 eyes that received bimatoprost SR by 6 glaucoma specialists at Wills Eye Hospital between March 2020 and September 2021 was performed. One hundred and eighteen eyes from 84 patients had a reduction in IOP (18.5±5.7mmHg vs. 16.0±5.4mmHg, P<0.01) and required fewer glaucoma medications (2.1±1.4 vs. 1.2±1.2, P<0.01) after bimatoprost SR implantation. In 41 eyes from 31 patients who previously underwent glaucoma surgery (including iStent, goniotomy, trabeculectomy, Xen Gel Stent, or tube shunt surgery), medication burden was decreased after bimatoprost SR implantation (1.9±1.3 vs. 1.0±1.0, P<0.001). These data suggest that bimatoprost SR is an efficacious treatment modality for glaucoma, even in post-surgical patients.
Subject(s)
Glaucoma , Intraocular Pressure , Humans , Bimatoprost/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Delayed-Action Preparations/therapeutic use , Glaucoma/drug therapy , Glaucoma/surgery , Glaucoma/chemically induced , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: We performed a masked, randomized, 2-month crossover study with developmentally disabled children to study the tolerance of a pediatric adapted enteral formula with added soy fiber. METHODS: Twenty children and adolescents aged 1 to 17 years, requiring liquid nutrition, were fed Pediasure (PS) and Pediasure with approximately 10 g total dietary fiber/l, (PSF10) as their major source of energy and nutrient intake for 1 month each. During the two 4-week periods of the crossover study, intake, tolerance of the formula, and stool characteristics were monitored daily with diaries. Criteria for gastrointestinal tolerance were symptoms of emesis, gas, irritability or fussiness. Stool characteristics included frequency, consistency, and the need to use elimination aids to induce defecation. Following completion of the crossover study, the patients were fed PSF10 for an additional 2 months. Anthropometrics were obtained at study initiation and at each biweekly visit during the crossover phase and monthly during the follow-up phase. Bowel scintigraphy studies were conducted in patients with oral or nasogastric intake during the crossover periods. Biochemical assessments were conducted at entry, at the end of each crossover period, and at exit. RESULTS: There were no differences in any of the tolerance, stooling, growth, or biochemical measurements between the feeding regimens, in 11 children completing this phase of the study. However, there was a trend towards using less elimination aids to induce a bowel movement during the fiber supplemented formula phase. CONCLUSIONS: Pediasure with fiber is well tolerated in children with developmental disabilities.
Subject(s)
Defecation , Developmental Disabilities , Dietary Fiber/adverse effects , Food, Formulated , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Over Studies , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Developmental Disabilities/physiopathology , Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Enteral Nutrition , Female , Food, Formulated/adverse effects , Gastric Emptying , Humans , Infant , Intellectual Disability/complications , Intellectual Disability/physiopathology , Male , Glycine maxABSTRACT
The expression of tenascin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, was studied in three human prostatic carcinoma cell lines by Northern and Western blot analyses and in human prostate tissues by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. All three carcinoma cell lines expressed tenascin mRNA and protein, which were found predominantly in secreted form in culture supernatant. By immunohistochemistry, fetal prostatic tissue showed strong and diffuse tenascin immunoreactivity around developing glands. Normal adult prostatic tissue revealed only focal, scant periglandular and stromal immunoreactivity around acini and ducts. Most cases of hyperplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia showed variable periglandular immunostaining. Tenascin periglandular staining with diffuse stromal extension was noted with all grades of adenocarcinoma; however, the intensity was variable and appeared unrelated to the histologic grade. Metastatic prostatic carcinoma showed strong immunoreactivity in lymph nodes and bone marrow samples, with only weak reactivity of the normal connective tissue framework in both tissues. Western blot analysis of prostatic hyperplasia and carcinoma demonstrated the large and small isoforms of tenascin. These findings suggest a prominent role for tenascin in stromal alterations associated with both benign and malignant prostatic epithelial growth processes.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism , Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism , Prostatic Hyperplasia/metabolism , Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism , Adult , Blotting, Western , Bone Marrow/metabolism , Extracellular Matrix/metabolism , Fetus/metabolism , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Lymph Nodes/metabolism , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Tenascin , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
Tenascin expression was evaluated in 21 human glioma cell lines and in normal adult tissue extracts by Western and Northern blotting. The cell lines differed in their relative expression of tenascin in the cell-associated and supernatant compartments. Glioma cell line tenascin production was not uniformly stimulated by changes in fetal bovine serum concentration in the growth media. In most glioma cell lines and normal tissue extracts, reducing Western blots and Northern blots revealed two tenascin species, respectively: a major 340 kDa polypeptide and a 9 kb RNA transcript accompanied by a less intense 250 kDa polypeptide and 7 kDa RNA species. In U-87 MG and in normal adult kidney extracts, however, the 250 kDa band and 7 kb transcript were more prominent. Quantitation of tenascin in the glioma lines revealed variable levels that were significantly higher than those in the tissue extracts.
Subject(s)
Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism , Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism , Glioma/metabolism , Animals , Blotting, Northern , Blotting, Western , Brain/metabolism , Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/chemistry , Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics , Culture Media , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Extracellular Matrix Proteins/chemistry , Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics , Glioma/pathology , Humans , Immunoblotting , Kidney/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Reference Values , Tenascin , Tissue Extracts/metabolism , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
Cholestyramine, a well-known bile-salt sequestrant, can be used effectively to remove cholate or deoxycholate from a solution of phosphatidylcholine-bile salt mixed micelle. Upon removal of the bile salt, unilamellar phospholipid vesicles form essentially instantaneously. Cholestyramine resin could be pelleted and removed from the vesicle solution after a low speed centrifugation. Based on phosphate analyses, the recovery of vesicles was approximately 60% of the starting material. The average diameter of these vesicles, as estimated by gel exclusion chromatography on sephacryl S-1000 beads and by trapped volume measurement using [3H]sucrose, ranged between 85 to 121 nm. Phosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol, or n-alkane such as tetradecane can be incorporated into the vesicles without any selective loss; however, selective loss was experienced when negatively charged phospholipid species such as phosphatidylglycerol or phosphatidylserine was included in vesicle formation.
