Analysis of synoptic weather patterns of heatwave events.

Heatwaves (HWs) are expected to increase both in duration and intensity in the next decades, but little is known about their synoptic and mesoscalar behavior, which is especially important in mid-latitude regions. Most climate research has focused on temperature analysis to characterize HWs. We propose that a combination of temperature and synoptic patterns is a better way to define and understand HWs because including atmospheric circulation patterns provides information about different HW structures that can irregularly affect the territory, and illustrate this approach at the regional and urban scales using the Iberian Peninsula and the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona as case studies. We first select HW events from 1950 to 2020 and apply a multivariate analysis to identify synoptic patterns based on mean sea level pressure, geopotential height at 500 hPa, and maximum daily 2 m temperature. The results indicate that four synoptic patterns reproduce at least 50% of the variance in HWs, namely, "stationary and stable", "dynamic and advective", "stationary and advective", and "dynamic, advective and undulated". Next, we apply the analysis to the Representative Concentration Pathway future scenarios (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) to determine how these synoptic trends can change in the future. The analysis shows that the four synoptic patterns continue to explain 55 to 60% of the variance in HWs. Future HW events will be characterized by an increase in geopotential height at 500 hPa due to the northward shift of the anticyclonic ridge. This is especially true for RCP8.5, which simulates business as usual incrementing fossil fuel use and additionally shows an increase in atmospheric dynamism in north advections from all directions in comparison with RCP4.5. These findings point to the importance of considering the geopotential height in HW prediction, as well as the direction of advections. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00382-023-06828-1.

Mapping direct N2O emissions from peri-urban agriculture: The case of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona.

Geographically explicit datasets reflecting local management of crops are needed to help improve direct nitrous oxide (N2O) emission inventories. Yet, the lack of geographically explicit datasets of relevant factors influencing the emissions make it difficult to estimate them in such way. Particularly, for local peri-urban agriculture, spatially explicit datasets of crop type, fertilizer use, irrigation, and emission factors (EFs) are hard to find, yet necessary for evaluating and promoting urban self-sufficiency, resilience, and circularity. We spatially distribute these factors for the peri-urban agriculture in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (AMB) and create N2O emissions maps using crop-specific EFs as well as Tier 1 IPCC EFs for comparison. Further, the role of the soil types is qualitatively assessed. When compared to Tier 1 IPCC EFs, we find 15% more emissions (i.e. 7718 kg N2O-N year-1) than those estimated with the crop-specific EFs (i.e. 6533 kg N2O-N year-1) for the entire AMB. Emissions for most rainfed crop areas like cereals (e.g. oat and barley) and non-citric fruits (e.g. cherries and peaches), which cover 24% and 13% of AMB's peri-urban agricultural area respectively, are higher with Tier 1 EF. Conversely, crop-specific EFs estimate higher emissions for irrigated horticultural crops (e.g. tomato, artichoke) which cover 33% of AMB's peri-urban agricultural area and make up 70% of the total N2O emissions (4588 kg N2O-N year-1 using crop-specific EFs). Mapping the emissions helps evaluate spatial variability of key factors such as fertilizer use and irrigation of crops but carry uncertainties due to downscaling regional data to represent urban level data gaps. It also highlighted core emitting areas. Further the usefulness of the outputs on mitigation, sustainability and circularity studies are briefly discussed.

Perfil de personalidad en pacientes con trasplante renal: el modelo alternativo de los cinco factores / Personality profile of kidney transplant patients: the alternative five factor model

Resumen Introducción: la investigación sobre rasgos de personalidad en pacientes con trasplante renal es limitada. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el perfil de personalidad de pacientes con trasplante renal, utilizando el modelo alternativo de cinco factores (AFFM), y compararlo con población estándar española. Material y métodos: la personalidad fue evaluada mediante el Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ). Una muestra de 207 pacientes con trasplante renal se emparejó por edad y género con 207controles de la población estándar. El análisis de regresión logística permitió estudiar la aportación de cada dimensión del ZKPQ al perfil distintivo de los pacientes trasplantados. Resultados: aparecieron diferencias significativas en las dimensiones de Neuroticismo-Ansiedad (p=.001), Agresión-Hostilidad (p=.009) y Actividad (p=.001), con puntuaciones bajas en pacientes trasplantados en comparación con la población estándar. La sociabilidad (p=.024) fue significativamente mayor en pacientes trasplantados. En el análisis de regresión, las bajas puntuaciones en Neuroticismo-Ansiedad (p=.005) y Actividad (p=.001) fueron predictores significativos para caracterizar los rasgos de personalidad de pacientes trasplantados. Conclusiones: desde el AFFM, los pacientes con trasplante renal muestran un perfil diferente de personalidad comparado con la población estándar, con bajas puntuaciones en las dimensiones de Neuroticismo-Ansiedad y Actividad.

Abstract Background: There is limited research on personality traits that characterized kidney transplant patients. The aim of this study was to describe personality profile of kidney transplant patients using the Alternative Five Factor Model (AFFM), and compared it with the Spanish standard population. Method: Personality was assessed using the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ). A sample of 207 kidney transplant patients was matched by age and gender with 207 standard range controls. A logistic regression analyses was utilized to study the contribution of each ZKPQ dimension to describe the distinctive transplant patient's profile. Results: Significant differences were showed in Neuroticism-Anxiety (p=.001), Aggression-Hostility (p=.009), and Activity (p=.001) dimensions, with lower scores on transplant patients compared with standard population. But Sociability (p=.024) was significantly higher on kidney transplant patients. In logistic regression analysis low scores on Neuroticism-Anxiety (p=.005) and Activity (p=.001) were the significant predictors to characterize personality traits of kidney transplant patients. Conclusions: Kidney transplant patients had a differential profile under the AFFM compared to standard range sample, with lower scores on Neuroticism-Anxiety and Activity dimensions.

Training professionals' communication and motivation skills to improve spinal cord injury patients' satisfaction and clinical outcomes: Study protocol of the ESPELMA trial.

Acute spinal cord injury leaves patients severely impaired and generates high levels of psychological distress among them and their families, which can cause a less active role in rehabilitation, worse functional recovery, and less perceived satisfaction with the results. Additionally, rehabilitation professionals who deal with this psychological distress could ultimately experience higher stress and more risk of burnout. This article presents the study protocol of the ESPELMA project, aimed to train rehabilitation professionals in the clinical management of acute spinal cord injury-associated psychological distress, and to measure the impact of this training on the patients' perceived satisfaction with treatment.

[Differential personality features in adult ADHD subtypes]. / Variables diferenciales de personalidad en los subtipos de TDAH en la edad adulta.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and personality traits are relatively stable from childhood and across life span. The purpose of this study was to identify differential and discriminative personality traits between clinical subtypes of ADHD in adults. The Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) and the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory-II (MCMI-II) were administered to a sample of 146 adults with ADHD. Activity and Aggression-Hostility dimensions from the ZKPQ allowed us to properly classify 75.8% of the inattentive and combined subtypes. Data indicates that ADHD is not a homogeneous entity, but rather, there are significant differences in personality characteristics among clinical subtypes. The results have theoretical implications about the connection between ADHD and personality, and clinical implications regarding diagnosis and treatment designs better tailored to the characteristics of each subtype.

Variables diferenciales de personalidad en los subtipos de TDAH en la edad adulta / Differential personality features in adult ADHD subtypes

Los síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) y los rasgos de personalidad se manifiestan de forma relativamente estable y duradera desde la infancia y persisten a lo largo de la vida. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en identificar los rasgos de personalidad diferenciales y discriminativos entre los subtipos clínicos de TDAH en adultos. Se evaluaron las características de personalidad, mediante el Cuestionario de Personalidad de Zuckerman-Kuhlman (ZKPQ) y el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon-II (MCMI-II), en una muestra de 146 adultos diagnosticados de TDAH. Las dimensiones Activity y Aggression-Hostility del ZKPQ, permitieron clasificar correctamente al 75,8% de los diagnosticados en los subtipos inatento y combinado. Los resultados indican que el TDAH no es una entidad homogénea, sino que existen diferencias significativas en las características de personalidad entre los subtipos clínicos. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas sobre la conexión entre TDAH y personalidad, y las implicaciones clínicas respecto al diagnóstico y diseño de tratamientos mejor ajustados a las características de cada subtipo(AU)

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and personality traits are relatively stable from childhood and across life span. The purpose of this study was to identify differential and discriminative personality traits between clinical subtypes of ADHD in adults. The Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) and the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory-II (MCMI-II) were administered to a sample of 146 adults with ADHD. Activity and Aggression-Hostility dimensions from the ZKPQ allowed us to properly classify 75.8% of the inattentive and combined subtypes. Data indicates that ADHD is not a homogeneous entity, but rather, there are significant differences in personality characteristics among clinical subtypes. The results have theoretical implications about the connection between ADHD and personality, and clinical implications regarding diagnosis and treatment designs better tailored to the characteristics of each subtype(AU)

Spanish normative data of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire in a general population sample / Datos normativos españoles del Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire en una muestra de población general

The Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), a tool designed to measure the alternative five-factor model of personality, was translated and adapted into the Spanish language. To date, there appears to be no normative data for the ZKPQ in general population samples in any culture. The aim of this study was to obtain Spanish normative data for the scales and subscales in a community sample of the general population. The questionnaire was administered to 1,678 participants of both genders (55.8 % females) with ages ranging from 18 to 93 years. The magnitude of the sample, as well as an adequate representativity of both genders and the wide age range being considered, provides a satisfactory description of each scale and subscale of this instrument. The normative data obtained showed a normal distribution of the scales. The norms (means and standard deviations) are presented by gender and five age ranges and are adjusted according to the level of education attained. Gender differences are in accordance with data obtained with instruments measuring similar personality traits. This is the first time the normative data of the ZKPQ is reported in a general community sample in any culture (AU)

El Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), un instrumento diseñado para la evaluación del modelo alternativo de los cinco factores de personalidad, ha sido traducido y adaptado a la lengua española. Hasta la fecha, no existen datos normativos en población general en ninguna cultura. El objetivo del presente estudio fue obtener datos normativos españoles de las escalas y subescalas en una muestra de la población general. El cuestionario fue administrado a 1.678 participantes de ambos géneros (55.8 % mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 93 años. La magnitud de la muestra, así como una adecuada representatividad de ambos géneros y el amplio rango de edad considerado, proporcionan una descripción satisfactoria de cada escala y subescala de dicho instrumento. Los datos normativos obtenidos mostraron una distribución normal de las escalas. Las medias y desviaciones estándar son presentadas por género y cinco rangos de edad, y ajustadas por el nivel de educación alcanzado. Las diferencias de género van en la misma dirección que las obtenidas con instrumentos que evalúan rasgos de personalidad similar. Esta es la primera vez que se refieren datos normativos del ZKPQ en una muestra de población general (AU)

Spanish normative data of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire in a general population sample.

The Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), a tool designed to measure the alternative five-factor model of personality, was translated and adapted into the Spanish language. To date, there appears to be no normative data for the ZKPQ in general population samples in any culture. The aim of this study was to obtain Spanish normative data for the scales and subscales in a community sample of the general population. The questionnaire was administered to 1,678 participants of both genders (55.8 % females) with ages ranging from 18 to 93 years. The magnitude of the sample, as well as an adequate representativity of both genders and the wide age range being considered, provides a satisfactory description of each scale and subscale of this instrument. The normative data obtained showed a normal distribution of the scales. The norms (means and standard deviations) are presented by gender and five age ranges and are adjusted according to the level of education attained. Gender differences are in accordance with data obtained with instruments measuring similar personality traits. This is the first time the normative data of the ZKPQ is reported in a general community sample in any culture.

Personalidad y conducta delictiva autoinformada en adultos jóvenes / Personality and self-reported delinquency in young adults

La teoría de personalidad de H. J. Eysenk (1964) respecto a la conducta antisocial predice que entre la población reclusa se hallaría una determinada combinación de las dimensiones básicas de personalidad, consistente en puntuaciones elevadas en Extraversión, Neuroticismo y Psicoticismo. Estudios posteriores parecían indicar que las predicciones únicamente se cumplían para la dimensión P, cuestionando la relación con E y N. La finalidad de este estudio consiste en analizar la relación entre personalidad evaluada mediante el EPQ, la Escala Búsqueda de Sensaciones y la conducta delictiva autoinformada en adultos jóvenes de ambos sexos, corrigiendo algunas limitaciones metodológicas de los estudios anteriores. Así, se seleccionaron tres grupos de sujetos con distinto grado de conducta antisocial: estudiantes universitarios (n=172) presumiblemente normativos; estudiantes pertenecientes a institutos conocidos por su conflictividad (n=177), y sujetos reclusos (n=87). Los resultados corroboran la teoría de Eysenck en cuanto a la relación entre conducta delictiva autoinformada y Psicoticismo. Con respecto a la dimensión Extraversión, dicha relación parece estar mejor estimada a partir del rasgo Búsqueda de Sensaciones y sus subescalas, que de la dimensión propiamente dicha. Finalmente, en cuanto al Neuroticismo, los resultados van en la dirección predicha aunque sólo en el grupo de sujetos varones alcanza valores superiores (AU)

H. J. Eysenck’s (1964) personality theory predicts that the high Psychoticism, Neuroticism and Extraversion personality combination is over-represented in criminal populations. However, more recent studies have not provided unanimous support for this theory. The aim of this study is to test the relationship between personality assessed by the EPQ and the SSS, and Self-reported Delinquency in young adults of both sexes. The current study used an alternative design consisting of three groups of subjects of similar age with different degrees of antisocial behaviour: a normative group of undergraduates, a group of subjects from high schools with a high number of problem students, and a group of imprisoned youngsters. The results show a positive relationship between Self-reported Delinquency and Psychoticism. With regards to Extraversion, this dimension seems to be better estimated by a trait measure such as the Sensation Seeking Scale and its subscales. With respect to Neuroticism, it shows a positive relationship with Self-reported Delinquency although it only reached significance among males (AU)