ABSTRACT
The incidence and prevalence of elderly patients are progressively increasing in most dialysis facilities with consequent medical assistance difficulties and the need to find a suitable care unit. Particularly in this age group, the clinical assessment is often difficult and the selection criteria vary widely, not only from country to country, but also from one dialysis unit to another unit in the same area. The authors discuss some of the more complex arguments for and against dialysis in elderly patients. For some of the more difficult cases, Kantian deontology and its three ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence and autonomy can facilitate the decision-making process regarding the acceptance or refusal of the therapy. The central role of the patients themselves, the involvement of the family, the discussion of the individual case within the dialysis team, and the good performance of the pre-dialysis program are particularly important. In certain cases it is possible to actually discontinue the treatment, or not initiate it, by using different arguments in competent or incompetent patients. In conclusion, the difficult choice of whether to treat or turn down an elderly patient must depend exclusively on the medical clinical assessment of each case, whereas economical considerations can incorrectly influence that choice.
