Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 45
Filter
1.
Micron ; 155: 103229, 2022 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35149252

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the coevolution of microorganisms with current antibiotics has increased the mechanisms of bacterial resistance, generating a major health problem worldwide. Bordetella pertussis is a bacterium that causes whooping cough and is capable of adopting different states of virulence, i.e. virulent or avirulent states. In this study, we explored the nanomechanical properties of both virulent and avirulent B. pertussis as exposed to various antibiotics. The nanomechanical studies highlighted that only virulent B. pertussis cells undergo a decrease in their cell elastic modulus and height upon antimicrobial exposure, whereas their avirulent counterparts remain unaffected. This study also permitted to highlight different mechanical properties of individual cells as compared to those growing in close contact with other individuals. In addition, we analyzed the presence on the bacterial cell wall of Filamentous hemagglutinin adhesin (FHA), the major attachment factor produced by virulent Bordetella spp., under different virulence conditions by Force Spectroscopy.


Subject(s)
Bordetella pertussis , Whooping Cough , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Humans , Microscopy, Atomic Force , Virulence Factors, Bordetella , Whooping Cough/microbiology
2.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30602518

ABSTRACT

The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a worldwide health-related emergency that calls for new tools to study the bacterial metabolism and to obtain fast diagnoses. Indeed, the conventional analysis time scale is too long and affects our ability to fight infections. Slowly growing bacteria represent a bigger challenge, since their analysis may require up to months. Among these bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, has caused more than 10 million new cases and 1.7 million deaths in 2016 only. We employed a particularly powerful nanomechanical oscillator, the nanomotion sensor, to characterize rapidly and in real time tuberculous and nontuberculous bacterial species, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Mycobacterium abscessus, respectively, exposed to different antibiotics. Here, we show how high-speed and high-sensitivity detectors, the nanomotion sensors, can provide a rapid and reliable analysis of different mycobacterial species, obtaining qualitative and quantitative information on their responses to different drugs. This is the first application of the technique to tackle the urgent medical issue of mycobacterial infections, evaluating the dynamic response of bacteria to different antimicrobial families and the role of the replication rate in the resulting nanomotion pattern. In addition to a fast analysis, which could massively benefit patients and the overall health care system, we investigated the real-time responses of the bacteria to extract unique information on the bacterial mechanisms triggered in response to antibacterial pressure, with consequences both at the clinical level and at the microbiological level.


Subject(s)
Antibiotics, Antitubercular/pharmacology , Mycobacterium abscessus/drug effects , Mycobacterium bovis/drug effects , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
3.
Cell Surf ; 5: 100021, 2019 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32743137

ABSTRACT

Atomic force microscopes (AFM) or low-noise in-house dedicated devices can highlight nanomotion oscillations. The method consists of attaching the organism of interest onto a silicon-based sensor and following its nano-scale motion as a function of time. The nanometric scale oscillations exerted by biological specimens last as long the organism is viable and reflect the status of the microorganism metabolism upon exposure to different chemical or physical stimuli. During the last couple of years, the nanomotion pattern of several types of bacteria, yeasts and mammalian cells has been determined. This article reviews this technique in details, presents results obtained with dozens of different microorganisms and discusses the potential applications of nanomotion in fundamental research, medical microbiology and space exploration.

4.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci ; 376(2116)2018 Mar 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29459412

ABSTRACT

The goal of the ASACUSA-CUSP collaboration at the Antiproton Decelerator of CERN is to measure the ground-state hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen using an atomic spectroscopy beamline. A milestone was achieved in 2012 through the detection of 80 antihydrogen atoms 2.7 m away from their production region. This was the first observation of 'cold' antihydrogen in a magnetic field free region. In parallel to the progress on the antihydrogen production, the spectroscopy beamline was tested with a source of hydrogen. This led to a measurement at a relative precision of 2.7×10-9 which constitutes the most precise measurement of the hydrogen hyperfine splitting in a beam. Further measurements with an upgraded hydrogen apparatus are motivated by CPT and Lorentz violation tests in the framework of the Standard Model Extension. Unlike for hydrogen, the antihydrogen experiment is complicated by the difficulty of synthesizing enough cold antiatoms in the ground state. The first antihydrogen quantum states scan at the entrance of the spectroscopy apparatus was realized in 2016 and is presented here. The prospects for a ppm measurement are also discussed.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Antiproton physics in the ELENA era'.

5.
Nanotechnology ; 27(6): 065102, 2016 Feb 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26683826

ABSTRACT

Investigating the mechanical properties of cells could reveal a potential source of label-free markers of cancer progression, based on measurable viscoelastic parameters. The Young's modulus has proved to be the most thoroughly studied so far, however, even for the same cell type, the elastic modulus reported in different studies spans a wide range of values, mainly due to the application of different experimental conditions. This complicates the reliable use of elasticity for the mechanical phenotyping of cells. Here we combine two complementary techniques, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical tweezer microscopy (OTM), providing a comprehensive mechanical comparison of three human breast cell lines: normal myoepithelial (HBL-100), luminal breast cancer (MCF-7) and basal breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells. The elastic modulus was measured locally by AFM and OTM on single cells, using similar indentation approaches but different measurement parameters. Peak force tapping AFM was employed at nanonewton forces and high loading rates to draw a viscoelastic map of each cell and the results indicated that the region on top of the nucleus provided the most meaningful results. OTM was employed at those locations at piconewton forces and low loading rates, to measure the elastic modulus in a real elastic regime and rule out the contribution of viscous forces typical of AFM. When measured by either AFM or OTM, the cell lines' elasticity trend was similar for the aggressive MDA-MB-231 cells, which were found to be significantly softer than the other two cell types in both measurements. However, when comparing HBL-100 and MCF-7 cells, we found significant differences only when using OTM.


Subject(s)
Elastic Modulus/physiology , Elasticity/physiology , Cell Line , Cell Line, Tumor , Female , Humans , MCF-7 Cells , Microscopy, Atomic Force/methods , Optical Tweezers , Stress, Mechanical
6.
Nat Commun ; 5: 3089, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24448273

ABSTRACT

Antihydrogen, a positron bound to an antiproton, is the simplest antiatom. Its counterpart-hydrogen--is one of the most precisely investigated and best understood systems in physics research. High-resolution comparisons of both systems provide sensitive tests of CPT symmetry, which is the most fundamental symmetry in the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. Any measured difference would point to CPT violation and thus to new physics. Here we report the development of an antihydrogen source using a cusp trap for in-flight spectroscopy. A total of 80 antihydrogen atoms are unambiguously detected 2.7 m downstream of the production region, where perturbing residual magnetic fields are small. This is a major step towards precision spectroscopy of the ground-state hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen using Rabi-like beam spectroscopy.

7.
Phys Med ; 29(5): 520-30, 2013 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23333397

ABSTRACT

We simulate the α-activity of the Thorium series elements present in the contrast medium named Thorotrast, used until 1960 and cause of certified deaths until today. Assuming, as active components at t=0, (232)Th and (228)Th in the same relative concentration they have in nature, α-activity oscillates for some decades before reaching a stationary value that in absence of biological depletion would be AST =24000Bq/g. Our Montecarlo code generates the nuclear decays of the Thorium series with and without in-vivo biological depletion, arriving to three kinds of results for the activity: 1) Theoretical activity concentration (no biological depletion). Our result is fitted by: A(t)=A(ST).{[1-exp(-t/10)]+[exp(-t/tB)(1-0.8exp(-t/tA))]}, with t in years, tA=1.07.10(-2) years, and tB=2.38 years. 2) Weak biological depletion (228Ra/232 Th equilibrium activity ratio 0.6, 224Ra/228Ra e.a.r 0.9, 10% excretion for 220Rn). The ratio of the activity concentration to the theoretical activity concentration is fitted by: A weak (t)/A(t)=0.61+0.29 exp[-(t/15)2] (t in years). 3) Strong biological depletion (228Ra/232Th e.a.r 0.4, 224Ra/228Ra e.a.r. 0.8, 10% excretion for 220Rn). The ratio of the activity concentration to the theoretical activity concentration is fitted by A(strong)(t)/A(t)=0.44+0.4 exp[-(t/13)2](t in years). We also report fluctuation calculation for two cases where standard statistical behavior is not expected.


Subject(s)
Alpha Particles , Thorium/chemistry , Models, Theoretical , Radiochemistry , Thorium/isolation & purification , Thorium Dioxide/chemistry , Time Factors
8.
Cuad. cir ; 25(1): 18-24, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-695676

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Es importante identificar los factores pronósticos del cáncer vesicular subseroso para poder plantear distintas terapias dentro de este grupo tumoral. Objetivo: Evaluar qué factores pronósticos afectan la sobrevida en pacientes con cáncer vesicular subseroso. Material y métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva. Se analizan los pacientes con diagnóstico histopatológico de cáncer vesicular subseroso (T2), a partir de la biopsia de la pieza quirúrgica, operados en el Hospital Regional Valdivia (HRV) entre los años 2001-2005. Para caracterizar a la población se realizó estadística descriptiva. La sobrevida global se describió mediante curvas de Kaplan Meier. Para medir los factores pronósticos (reoperación, terapia adyuvante (quimioradioterapia), grado de diferenciación y el compromiso linfonodal), se realizó análisis bivariado mediante la prueba de Long Rank y análisis multivariado por medio de una regresión de Cox. Resultados: La cohorte incluyó 18 pacientes. Edad promedio 65 (39-86) años. Predominó el sexo femenino, 12 (66,66 por ciento). El diagnóstico preoperatorio "probable cáncer vesicular", se encontró en 5 pacientes (27,77 por ciento), colecistitis aguda en 8 (44,44 por ciento), colelitiasis sintomática en 3 (16,66 por ciento). Once pacientes (61,11 por ciento) fueron catalogados como N1 y 7 (38,88 por ciento) como N0. Cinco tumores (27,77 por ciento) se clasificaron como mal diferenciados, 9 (50,00 por ciento como moderadamente y 3 (16,66 por ciento) como bien diferenciados. Cuatro pacientes se reoperaron (22,22 por ciento). La sobrevida a 5 años fue 81,71 por ciento y 18,18 por ciento para los N0 y N1 respectivamente. Tanto el análisis bivariado (p=0.0049) como el multivariado (HR:18,34; IC 95 por ciento; 1,18-283, p=0.037) arrojó que el compromiso linfonodal es un factor de mal pronóstico. Conclusión: El compromiso linfonodal sería un factor pronóstico en el cáncer vesicular subseroso.


Introduction: It is important to identify the prognostic factors of the gallbladder cancer dye to be able to raise different therapies within this group tumor. Objective: To evaluate prognostic factors that affect the survival of patients with subserous gallbladder cancer. Material and methods: retrospective cohort study. We analyze the patients with histopathological diagnosis of subserous gallbladder cancer (T2) from the biopsy of the surgical specimen, operated in the Regional Hospital Valdivia (HRV) between the years 2001-2005. To characterize the population descriptive statistical analysis was carried out. Overall survival was described by Kaplan Meier curves. To measure the prognostic factors ( reoperation, adjuvant therapy (chemo), degree of differentiation and commitment linfonodal), bivariate analysis was performed using the Long rank test and multivariate analysis by means of a Cox's regression. Results: The cohort included 18 patients. Average age 65 (39-86) years. A predominance of females, 12 (66.66 percent. The preoperative diagnosis "vesicular likely cancer", was found in 5 patients (27.77 percent), acute cholecystitis in 8 (44.44 percent), symptomatic cholelithiasis in 3 (16.66 percent). Eleven patients (61.11 percent) were classified as N1 and 7 (38.88 percent) as N0. Five tumors (27.77 percent) were classified as poorly differentiated, 9 (50.00 percent) as moderately and 3 (16.66 percent) as well differentiated. Four patients surgery (22.22 percent). The survival at 5 years was 81.71 percent and 18.18 percent for the N0 and N1 respectively. Both the bivariate analysis (p=0.0049) as the multivariate (HR:18.34; 95 percent CI 1.18 -283, p=0,037) showed that the linfonodal involvement is a poor prognostic factor. Conclusion: The linfonodal involvement would be a prognostic factor in cancer subserous vesicular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Gallbladder Neoplasms/surgery , Gallbladder Neoplasms/mortality , Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant , Lymphatic Metastasis , Multivariate Analysis , Gallbladder Neoplasms/pathology , Gallbladder Neoplasms/therapy , Prognosis , Reoperation , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis
9.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(6): 570-575, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577302

ABSTRACT

Background: D Dimer levels can be predictors of lymph node involvement in gastric cancer. Aim: To evaluate the association between D Dimer levels and lymph node involvement among patients with gastric cancer. Material and Methods: In 32 patients with gastric cancer, aged 38 to 86 years (24 males), subjected to a curative surgery, D Dimer was measured in the preoperative period. Its levels were associated with the number of regional lymph nodes involved and the tumor stage, according to the pathological report of the surgical piece. Results: There was no significant correlation between D Dimer levels and the number of involved lymph nodes (r = 0.18, p = NS). Conclusions: In this series of patients with gastric cancer, there was no association between serum D Dimer levels and the number of involved regional lymph nodes.


Introducción: En el cáncer gástrico resecado el principal factor pronóstico es el compromiso linfonodal. Estudios han demostrado que en el adenocarcinoma esofágico los niveles plasmáticos de Dímero D, se correlacionan con el compromiso linfonodal. Recientemente, Kwon HC demostró lo mismo en el adenocarcinoma gástrico. Objetivo: Establecer si el valor plasmático de Dímero D en el preoperatorio se correlaciona con el compromiso linfonodal en pacientes con adenocarcinoma gástrico resecado. Métodos: Estudio correlacional Durante un año, a los pacientes con diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma gástrico operados en el Hospital Base Valdivia, se les solicitó niveles plasmáticos de Dímero D, dentro del estudio preoperatorio. Causas de exclusión fueron: rechazo de ingreso al estudio, presencia de coagulopatía, los puncionados 48 horas antes del ingreso, los irresecables o con linfadenectomía insuficiente. El resultado del examen se correlacionó con el número de linfonodos comprometidos y el estadio tumoral (TNM) que informaba la biopsia definitiva de la pieza quirúrgica. Software utilizado: XLstat. Resultados: Para el análisis se incluyeron 32 casos. La mediana de edad: 66 años, la ubicación más frecuente fue tercio superior (52,94 por ciento) y el 28,13 por ciento de los pacientes se encontraban en estadio IIIA. El coeficiente de correlación entre nivel plasmático de Dímero D y el número de linfonodos comprometidos fue de 0,18 (p = 0,3411). Conclusión: De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, existe correlación positiva débil entre los niveles plasmáticos de Dímero D y el número de linfonodos comprometidos en el adenocarcinoma gástrico, no concordando con lo actualmente publicado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Adenocarcinoma/blood , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Stomach Neoplasms/blood , Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Staging , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Preoperative Care , Sensitivity and Specificity
10.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(3): 240-245, jun. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-562722

ABSTRACT

Background: Total gastrectomy is recommended by some groups for poorly differentiated gastric cancer due to the multicentric nature of this tumor. Aim: To assess if subtotal gastrectomy achieves a good disease control in patients with undifferentiated or poorly differentiated gastric cancer. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of patients with undifferentiated or poorly differentiated gastric cancer, subjected to a subtotal gastrectomy between 1988 and 2006. Five years survival was calculated. Results: Fifty two patients aged 23 to 80 years were identified (30 males). Three had undifferentiated and 49 poorly differentiated tumors. One patient had a positive proximal margin. After a median follow up of 52 months, five years survival was 47 percent. Thirteen percent were lost from follow up. Conclusions: Five years survival of patients with undifferentiated or poorly differentiated gastric cancer and subjected to subtotal gastrectomy, was 47 percent.


Existen grupos quirúrgicos que preconizan la gastrectomía total para los cánceres gástricos mal diferenciados, por el riesgo de la multicentricidad y la infiltración oral no sospechada. Objetivo: Evaluar si la gastrectomía subtotal (GST) presenta un buen control de la enfermedad en el cáncer gástrico antral indiferenciado y mal diferenciado. Describir sus resultados anatomopatológicos y la sobrevida a 5 años. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo. Se revisó el registro de pacientes con cáncer gástrico del servicio de cirugía del Hospital Base de Valdivia, entre los años 1988 y 2006. La población de estudio incluye pacientes con adenocarcinoma gástrico antral mal diferenciado e indiferenciado que fueron sometidos a una GST y aquellos pacientes con 2 cánceres en el estómago. Se recopilaron entre otras variables: edad, grado de diferenciación, tipo histológico, márgenes oral y caudal y se calculó la sobrevida global a 5 años. Además se describió el rendimiento de la endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) en el diagnóstico de las lesiones multicéntricas. El Software utilizado fue el STATA 10.0. Resultados: Se incluyeron 52 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue 61 a±os. Tres (5,77 por ciento) tumores fueron indiferenciados y 49 (94,23 por ciento) mal diferenciados. Un (1,92 por ciento) paciente resultó con el margen oral positivo. La sobrevida global a 5 a±os fue 47 por ciento. La EDA detectó todos los tumores multicéntricos. Conclusión: La GST en el cáncer gástrico antral indiferenciado y mal diferenciado logra un buen control de la enfermedad con buena sobrevida a 5 años.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Pyloric Antrum/surgery , Gastrectomy/methods , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/mortality , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Gastrectomy/statistics & numerical data , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis
11.
Phys Rev Lett ; 105(24): 243401, 2010 Dec 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21231524

ABSTRACT

We report here the first successful synthesis of cold antihydrogen atoms employing a cusp trap, which consists of a superconducting anti-Helmholtz coil and a stack of multiple ring electrodes. This success opens a new path to make a stringent test of the CPT symmetry via high precision microwave spectroscopy of ground-state hyperfine transitions of antihydrogen atoms.

14.
Cuad. cir ; 23(1): 15-18, 2009. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-620922

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El cáncer vesicular es un problema de salud pública en Chile y corresponde a la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en la mujer chilena. Disminuir esta tasa es una prioridad en salud y es por esto que la colecistectomía preventiva en pacientes con colelitiasis se ha convertido en una de las principales armas para conseguirlo. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo sobre la incidencia de cáncer vesicular y sus respectivos estadíos en pacientes sometidos a colecistectomías en el Hospital Clínico Regional de Valdivia entre el período GES 2007-2008. Resultados: Se realizaron 1857 colecistectomías, lo que supone un aumento de un 25 por ciento años en relación a años anteriormente analizados. De estas 915 (49,2 por ciento) se realizaron en pacientes con criterio GES. La incidencia de cáncer dentro del total de colecistectomías fue de 2,2 por ciento, muy por debajo del 3,09 y 4,57 por ciento encontrados en publicaciones previas en nuestro centro. Sólo un 27,2 por ciento de todos los diagnósticos de cáncer vesicular fueron en pacientes GES. Cabe destacar que no hubo cáncer en menores de 35 años. Lamentablemente la gran mayoría, 73,8 por ciento se encuentra avanzado al momento del diagnóstico. Discusión: Si bien los esfuerzo parecen ser correctos aún falta un período de tiempo para evaluar los verdaderos resultados, cuando el grupo que actualmente se está colecistectomizando gracias al GES alcance la edad de mayor incidencia de esta patología, que son los mayores de 55 años.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Cholecystectomy/statistics & numerical data , Gallbladder Neoplasms/epidemiology , Gallbladder Neoplasms/prevention & control , Age Distribution , Chile , Cholelithiasis/surgery , Health Care Reform , Incidence , Neoplasm Staging , Gallbladder Neoplasms/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Gallbladder/surgery
15.
Cuad. cir ; 23(1): 19-23, 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-620923

ABSTRACT

Desde el año 2005, en el Hospital Clínico Regional Valdivia (HCRV), la terapia adyuvante para el cáncer gástrico es la quimiorradioterapia (QtRt). El objetivo del trabajo es describir las reacciones adversas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de Cáncer Gástrico sometidos a QtRt adyuvante en el HCRV. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, de pacientes sometidos a QtRt (con 5FU+leucovorina+radioterapia con acelerador lineal al lecho gástrico) que fueron a gastrectomía en el HCRV, entre enero 2005 y diciembre 2006. No se incluyeron pacientes con cáncer gástrico incipiente, ni los con invasión a estructuras vecinas ni metástasis a distancia. La información se recopiló a partir de 2 registros prospectivos de pacientes de nuestro hospital y de la revisión de fichas clínicas. Algunas de las variables registradas fueron: edad, sexo, clasificación según TNM, toxicidad hematológica, gastrointestinales y mortalidad. El análisis de las variables se realizó mediante el Software STATA 9.0. La serie se compone de 37 pacientes, con edad promedio de 59 años y predominantemente de sexo masculino con un 70,3 por ciento. A 28 (75.68 por ciento) se les practicó una gastrectomía total; 30 pacientes (81,08por ciento) fueron clasificados como T3 y 8 (21,62 por ciento) como N3. El promedio de linfonodos resecados fue 34. Treinta pacientes (80por ciento) presentaron toxicidad gastrointestinal y 23 (62,61por ciento) hematológica. Sólo un paciente (2,7 por ciento) no presentó algún grado de toxicidad. Todos los pacientes etapificados como T3N3 presentaron toxicidad. No hubo mortalidad. En esta serie, la QtRt adyuvante para el tratamiento del cáncer gástrico en el HCRV es una terapia que conlleva un alto porcentaje de reacciones adversas de diversa magnitud.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy , Stomach Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/methods , Combined Modality Therapy , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Follow-Up Studies , Fluorouracil/adverse effects , Gastrectomy , Lymph Node Excision , Morbidity , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects , Severity of Illness Index
16.
Rev. chil. cir ; 60(5): 398-402, oct. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-549989

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Comparar la sobrevida del cáncer gástrico en anillo de sello (AS) con los otros tipos de adenocarcinoma (no anillo de sello (ÑAS)), según el compromiso en profundidad de la pared gástrica (T) y los números de linfonodos comprometidos (N). Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, en el cuál se seleccionó a todos los pacientes gastrectomizados por adenocarcinoma gástrico en el Hospital Base Valdivia entre los años 1988-2005. Se compararon los pacientes cuyo informe histopatológico concluía que el cáncer gástrico era un AS (más del 50 por ciento de sus células son anillo de sello) con los que no lo eran (ÑAS). En el análisis estadístico se utiliza el test de por ciento, Método de Kaplan Meier, test de Log Rank. Resultados: Total 287 casos. 60 AS y 227 ÑAS. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a la profundidad tumoral entre ambos grupos. Los AS presentaron mayor compromiso linfonodal. Al comparar la sobrevida a 5 años de los AS con los ÑAS por estadio (TNM), no encontramos diferencias significativas. Conclusión: A la luz de este trabajo el tipo histológico anillo de sello no parece constituir un factor de mal pronóstico en el cáncer gástrico.


Background: Signet ring cell (SRC) carcinoma of the stomach corresponds to 3 to 39 percent of all cases of gastric cancer. It tends to be less differentiated, infiltrative and diffuse. It is not clear if it has a different prognosis than other types of gastric cancer. Aim: to compare the survival of SRC gastric carcinoma with other types of gastric cancer, considering depth of gastric wall involvement and number of infiltrated lymphnodes. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of pathology samples of all gastric cancers operated between 1988 and 2005. Survival of patients with and without SRC gastric cancer was compared. Results: A total of 287 cases were reviewed. Of these 60 had a SRC gastric cancer. No differences in gastric wall infiltration between SRC and non SRC gastric cancer was observed. SRC gastric cancer has a higher frequency of lymph node involvement. No differences in survival between SRC and non SRC gastric cancer, were observed. Conclusions: In this retrospective series of patients, no differences in survival were observed between SRC and non SRC gastric cancer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/mortality , Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Cohort Studies , Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/surgery , Gastrectomy , Neoplasm Staging , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis
17.
Phys Rev Lett ; 101(5): 053401, 2008 Aug 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18764390

ABSTRACT

We demonstrate temporally controlled modulation of cold antihydrogen production by periodic RF heating of a positron plasma during antiproton-positron mixing in a Penning trap. Our observations have established a pulsed source of atomic antimatter, with a rise time of about 1 s, and a pulse length ranging from 3 to 100 s. Time-sensitive antihydrogen detection and positron plasma diagnostics, both capabilities of the ATHENA apparatus, allowed detailed studies of the pulsing behavior, which in turn gave information on the dependence of the antihydrogen production process on the positron temperature T. Our data are consistent with power law scaling T (-1.1+/-0.5) for the production rate in the high temperature regime from approximately 100 meV up to 1.5 eV. This is not in accord with the behavior accepted for conventional three-body recombination.

18.
Rev. chil. cir ; 60(4): 277-281, ago. 2008. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-510446

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Identificar si el sexo, compromiso en profundidad de la pared vesicular (T) compromiso linfonodal (N), grado histológico y localización del cáncer vesicular son factores pronósticos de supervivencia. Material y Métodos: Estudio de cohorte, retrospectivo, de pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía entre los años 2001 y 2005 diagnosticados de cáncer vesicular en anatomía patológica. Se revisaron los antecedentes anatomo-clínicos de los pacientes operados y se estableció su sobrevida a 5 años. Se efectuó análisis exploratorio de los datos describiendo la supervivencia según el método Kaplan Meier. Se utilizó supervivencia global y específica según sexo, componente T, N y grado de diferenciación. Se utilizó método log rank para determinar la comparación de las curvas de supervivencia. Resultados: Se realizaron 3069 colecistectomías. 95 pacientes presentaron cáncer vesicular (3,1 por ciento). El sexo femenino fue predominante. Edad promedio 64 años. 77 pacientes fueron sometidos a colecistectomía exclusiva y 8 pacientes a cirugía oncológica extendida. Dentro del T, el T3 fue el más frecuente (39,4 por ciento). El 31,9 por ciento de ellos se catalogó como NO. Según el grado de diferenciación el más frecuente fue el moderadamente diferenciado con un 44,7 por ciento. La sobrevida global a 5 años fue de un 29,2 por ciento. Se encontró que tanto el T, N, grado de diferenciación, y la localización del tumor son factores pronósticos en estos pacientes en forma estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión: la sobrevida a 5 años en el cáncer vesicular depende de la profundidad de invasión tumoral, compromiso linfonodal, grado de diferenciación y localización del tumor.


Background: Gallbladder cancer is the first cause of cancer death among chilean women. Aim: To determine prognostic indicators of survival in gallbladder cancer. Material and methods: Retrospective review of medical records of 95 patients aged 34 to 86 years (69 females) with gallbladder cancer diagnosed between 2001 and 2005 in a regional hospital. Pathological reports and clinical data of patients were reviewed. Five year survival was determined using Ufe tables. Results: Forty percent of tumors were classified as T3 and 32 percent as NO. Forty five percent of tumors were moderately differentiated. Five years survival was 29 percent. T and N classification, the degree of differentiation and the location of the tumor were prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions: Gallbladder cancer in this series of patients had a bad five years survival that depends on the degree of tumor invasion and differentiation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Gallbladder Neoplasms/surgery , Gallbladder Neoplasms/mortality , Cholecystectomy , Cohort Studies , Chile/epidemiology , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Survival Rate
20.
Cuad. cir ; 21(1): 52-58, 2007.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-489154

ABSTRACT

El cáncer de esófago sigue siendo una patología pésimo pronóstico, principalmente por lo tardío del diagnóstico y el consiguiente tratamiento en estadios avanzados. En este artículo se revisa la terapia del cáncer de esófago con especial énfasis en la terapia neoadyuvante. Se mencionan los resultados con cada tipo de terapia en cuanto a su influencia sobre la sobrevida, mortalidad operatoria, y toxicidad de los esquemas. La radioterapia preoperatoria no mejora la sobrevida de los pacientes con cáncer de esófago. Si lo hacen la quimioterapia y la radioquimioterapia (QMRDT) neoadyuvantes, pero con una toxicidad no despreciable. Se concluye que la QMRDT es actualmente la mejor terapia neoadyuvante.


Subject(s)
Humans , Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Esophageal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery , Preoperative Care , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...