Assessing demand for doctoral-prepared PA faculty: a five-year longitudinal study.

PURPOSE: Many health profession programs have transitioned to doctoral credentials. While a master's degree is the terminal degree for the physician assistant (PA) profession, there is increasing discussion regarding the doctoral degree as the PA terminal credential in US higher education.This study examines trends, demand and economic opportunities for doctoral prepared PA faculty; specifically, assessing to what extent PA faculty employers prefer doctoral credentials. METHODOLOGY: This longitudinal retrospective observational study assessed commonly required/preferred academic credentials in PA faculty job postings. Data from 2014 to 2020 was obtained from the labor analytics firm Burning Glass Technologies (BGT) and other academic job search engines. Data on current PA faculty and program directors were obtained from Physician Assistant Education Association (PAEA) survey reports. Wage gap analysis was performed to gain additional insight for the supply and demand of PA educators with a doctoral degree. RESULTS: Of the 612 unique job ads posted from 232 PA programs between 2014 and 2020, approximately 38.9% (238) stated a preference or requirement for a doctoral degree. Nearly half of the postings for program directors and leadership positions preferred candidates with doctorates. There was a correlation between tenure eligibility positions (20.1%) and preference/requirement for doctoral credentials. PAEA survey data (2014-2019) revealed approximately 24% PA faculty and 45-48% of program directors held a doctoral degree with Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) as the most frequently held doctorate. No significant difference existed in wages for faculty with or without doctoral degree. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a national sample of PA program job ads, there is a preference for doctoral-prepared PA educators and the demand for these candidates is greater than market supply. Our analysis has implications for individual faculty career planning, employers and the PA profession as it debates transition to a terminal doctoral credential. Further studies should assess the impact of doctoral credentials on PA education by examining measurable outcomes.

Capturing Social Health Data in Electronic Systems: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review explored the current state of social determinants of health data in electronic systems in the literature, specifically (1) how the data are currently collected, captured, and coded; (2) the modes employed to capture these data; and (3) the electronic systems used to acquire data. This assessment serves as a precursor to an actual survey of healthcare organizations, which will be a national-level effort for evaluating a real-time collection of social health data. By evaluating published information on electronic social determinants of health, we get baseline evidence on the state of these data in the literature as used by nurses, physicians, administrators, researchers, and educators. Two reviewers systematically evaluated articles on social determinants of health and electronic systems. Five data elements were abstracted and analyzed, including the type of social determinants of health data, data capture method, data structure, data standard, and source of data. Forty-two articles were included in the final review. The most common social health data domains were neighborhood and community compositional characteristics. Social health data were rarely found in electronic health records. When these data were captured, they were often manually captured in a structured format.