ABSTRACT
The short bowel syndrome is a well-known human clinical entity that produces serious metabolic disorders. This syndrome arises after a massive resection of more than 50% of the small intestine, when the intestine attempts to minimize the consequent irregularities by means of compensatory mechanisms. Many reports suggest that an exocrine and endocrine pancreatic dysfunction is associated with enterohormones and an abnormal altered nutrient flow. In this report, we present an experimental model of short bowel syndrome in rats. A massive intestine resection was performed in rats, followed by a histological study of the small intestine. We report the histological changes related to the compensatory changes that occurred in the remaining intestine. The residual intestine produces a hyperplasic response, and hypertrophy was seen in the portion proximal to the anastomosis. We believe this experimental model of short bowel syndrome could be a very useful tool for studying the enterohormonal changes related to an abnormal blood flow of nutrients.
Subject(s)
Disease Models, Animal , Rats, Wistar , Short Bowel Syndrome/pathology , Animals , Ileum/pathology , Ileum/surgery , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Jejunum/pathology , Jejunum/surgery , Male , Rats , Short Bowel Syndrome/surgeryABSTRACT
Con el presente trabajo nos hemos planteado el desarrollo de un sistema de recogida de información acerca de las expectativas y valencias en la docencia universitaria en los alumnos. Para ello hemos diseñado una encuesta específica donde se analizan los aspectos concretos que intervienen en el aprendizaje de la Anatomía, así como el valor subjetivo que el Alumno aporta a los mismos. De los resultados obtenidos hemos extraído el concepto de "Calidad referida" que es aquella que perciben los Alumnos. Los factores que los Alumnos piensan que dan Calidad a la enseñanza, como receptores finales del sistema, difieren de los aspectos contextuales que las actuales encuestas estudian. Consideramos que las opiniones del Alumnado no quedan suficientemente expuestas en la redacción actual de las encuestas, a pesar de que suponen un poderoso elemento de retroalimentación en la mejora de la calidad. Sobre la base de nuestro criterio de "Calidad referida" los Alumnos definen más claramente los aspectos relevantes que afectan al aprendizaje. Para ello pensamos que las encuestas deben ser específicas bajo las peculiaridades de cada área de conocimiento. Los resultados de dichas encuestas probablemente serían más útiles para los Docentes, a los que aportaría un conocimiento cierto de las expectativas del Alumnado (AU)
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Male , Humans , Anatomy/education , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods , Students, Medical , Educational Measurement , Data Collection/methods , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
We have examined the ontogeny of somatostatin-, Glucagon-, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide-, Substance P-, Neuropeptide Y, and Calcitonin gene-related peptide-Iike structures in the chicken retina by immunocytochemistry. Neuroblastic cells containing Substance P-Iike immunoreactivity (IR) first appeared at embryonic day 5 in the peripheral portion of the retina. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was detected as early as embryonic day 11 in the innermost level of the inner neuroblastic layer. The distribution pattern of amacrine cells containing Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Iike immunoreactivity was similar to that for Neuropeptide Y- and Calcitonin gene-related peptide-Iike immunoreactive cells. These three types of IR cell appeared at embryonic day 13. Glucagon-like immunoreactive cells first appeared in the retina at embryonic day 15, in the innermost part of the inner nuclear layer. From the 13th to 15th day of incubation, the number and intensity of Calcitonin gene-related peptide-, Somatostatin-, Neuropeptide Y- and Substance P-Iike immunoreactive cells increased and then decreased progressively before hatching. Glucagon immunoreactive cells increased in number on the last day before hatching. After embryonic day 15, the amacrine cells containing Vasoactive intestinal peptide-Iike immunoreactivity decreased notably in number. Our study showed that development of these immunoreactive structures was different for each neuropeptide. These differences in development may reflect the diverse neurophysiological roles of these neuroactive peptides, which could act as neurotransmitters/neuromodulators at the chick retinal level. Their presence may indicate roles as neuronal differentiation or growth factors.
Subject(s)
Neuropeptides/metabolism , Retina/embryology , Retina/metabolism , Animals , Cell Count , Chick Embryo , Coloring Agents , Glucagon/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Microscopy, Video , Neurofibrils/metabolism , Neuropeptide Y/metabolism , Paraffin Embedding , Retina/cytology , Somatostatin/metabolism , Substance P/metabolism , Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolismABSTRACT
The localisation and distribution of Neuron-specific enolase is reported in the avian Gallus domesticus retinal development by using immunocytochemistry. Neuron specific enolase was found to be present from the early days of incubation to the post-hatch period. The results obtained using this neural marker showed the development pattern of the distribution and the sequence of differentiation of the retinal neural structures. Like the finding of the members of the phylogenetic scale, this enzyme should prove to be a useful tool in the neural development of the chicken retina.
