Acidophilic heterotrophs: basic aspects and technological applications.

Acidophiles comprise a group of microorganisms adapted to live in acidic environments. Despite acidophiles are usually associated with an autotrophic metabolism, more than 80 microorganisms capable of utilizing organic matter have been isolated from natural and man-made environments. The ability to reduce soluble and insoluble iron compounds has been described for many of these species and may be harnessed to develop new or improved mining processes when oxidative bioleaching is ineffective. Similarly, as these microorganisms grow in highly acidic media and the chances of contamination are reduced by the low pH, they may be employed to implement robust fermentation processes. By conducting an extensive literature review, this work presents an updated view of basic aspects and technological applications in biomining, bioremediation, fermentation processes aimed at biopolymers production, microbial electrochemical systems, and the potential use of extremozymes.

Radiation therapy after radical surgery in prostate cancer.

Radiation therapy plays a key role in the treatment of prostate cancer on its own. For higher risk diseases, the risk of recurrence following single modality therapy increases and a combination of treatment modalities may be necessary to achieve optimal results. We review clinical outcomes of adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy, including disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival and overall survival. We also discuss when best to intervene with post-prostatectomy radiotherapy.

Occurrence, Formation from d-Fructose and 3-Deoxyglucosone, and Activity of the Carbohydrate-Derived ß-Carbolines in Foods.

ß-Carbolines are naturally occurring bioactive alkaloids. In this work, carbohydrate-derived ß-carbolines (ßCs), 1-(1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypent-1-yl)-ß-carboline isomers (1a/b), 1-(1,4,5-trihydroxypent-1-yl)-ß-carboline (2), 1-(1,5-dihydroxypent-3-en-1-yl)-ß-carboline (3), and 1-(1,2,3,4,5-pentahydroxypent-1-yl)-ß-carboline (4) were identified and analyzed in commercial foods. The concentrations of ßCs 1-4 in foods ranged from undetectable to 11.4 µg/g levels, suggesting their intake in the diet. Processed foods contained higher amounts than fresh or unprocessed foods, and the highest content was found in processed tomato and fruit products, sauces, and baked foods. ßCs 1-3 were formed in foods during heating, and 1a/b were the main compounds. The formation of carbohydrate-derived ßCs was studied in model reactions of tryptophan and carbohydrates. They formed in reactions of tryptophan with glucose under acidic conditions at temperatures higher than 80 °C. The formation of 1a/b was favored, but 2-3 increased at high temperatures. Noticeably, the ßCs 1-3 formed in the reactions of tryptophan with fructose or sucrose, and the formation from fructose was much higher than from glucose. Thus, fructose was the main carbohydrate involved in the formation of 1-3, whereas sucrose gave these ßCs after acid hydrolysis. It is shown for the first time that the mechanism of formation of ßCs 1-3 occurs from the sugar intermediate 3-deoxyglucosone that reacts with tryptophan affording these carbohydrate-derived ßCs. A mechanism of reaction to give ßCs 1-3 is proposed that relies on the tautomerism (keto-enediol or enamine-imine) of intermediates involved in the reaction. Carbohydrate ßCs 1-4 were assessed as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAO), as antioxidants, and for their interaction with DNA. They were not good inhibitors of MAO-A or -B, were poor antioxidants, and did not appreciably interact with DNA.

The Effects of Reprocessing and Fiber Treatments on the Properties of Polypropylene-Sugarcane Bagasse Biocomposites.

This study explores the reprocessing behavior of polypropylene-sugarcane bagasse biocomposites using neat and chemically treated bagasse fibers (20 wt.%). Biocomposites were reprocessed 5 times using the extrusion process followed by injection molding. The mechanical properties indicate that microfibers bagasse fibers addition and chemical treatments generate improvements in the mechanical properties, reaching the highest performance in the third cycle where the flexural modulus and flexural strength increase 57 and 12% in comparison with neat PP. differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA characterization show that bagasse fibers addition increases the crystallization temperature and thermal stability of the biocomposites 7 and 39 °C respectively, without disturbing the melting process of the PP phase for all extrusion cycles. The rheological test shows that viscosity values of PP and biocomposites decrease progressively with extrusion cycles; however, Cole-Cole plots, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), width at half maximum of tan delta peaks and SEM micrographs show that chemical treatments and reprocessing could improve fiber dispersion and fiber-matrix interaction. Based on these results, it can be concluded that recycling potential of polypropylene-sugarcane bagasse biocomposites is huge due to their mechanical, thermal and rheological performance resulting in advantages in terms of sustainability and life cycle impact of these materials.

Stem cell exosomes inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Recently, exosomes secreted by menstrual mesenchymal stem cells have been identified as inhibitory agents of tumor angiogenesis and modulators of the tumor cell secretome in prostate and breast cancer. However, their direct effect on endothelial cells and paracrine mediators have not yet been investigated. Using a carrier-based cell culture system to test the scalability for exosome production, we showed that different types of endothelial cells present specific kinetics for exosomes internalization. Exosome-treatment of endothelial cells increased cytotoxicity and reduced VEGF secretion and angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Using the hamster buccal pouch carcinoma as a preclinical model for human oral squamous cell carcinoma, we demonstrated a significant antitumor effect of intra-tumoral injection of exosomes associated with a loss of tumor vasculature. These results address up-scaling of exosome production, a relevant issue for their clinical application, and also assess menstrual stem cell exosomes as potential anti-angiogenic agents for the treatment of neoplastic conditions.

Penile melanoma: a 20-Year analysis of six patients at the National Cancer Institute of Peru, Lima.

Melanoma of the urogenital tract is extremely rare, accounting for less than 0.1% of melanoma cases. The global literature currently describes only 220 cases of penile melanoma, most commonly located on the glans penis. RESULTS: Penile melanoma accounts for 0.7% of penile cancers and 0.18% of melanoma cases. The average patient age for the six cases we reviewed was 44.5 years. Three of these cases (50%) involved ulceration, one case (16.7%) involved lymphovascular invasion, and three cases (50%) involved mitosis ≥ 1 mm2 (0.38-4.7 mm). The average depth of invasion (Breslow) in the five cases that reported this measure was 2.1 mm (0.38-4.7 mm). Applying the American Joint Committee on Cancer tumour, node, metastases (AJCC TNM) staging system, one case was Tx (16.7%), two cases were T1 (33.3%), one case was T2 (16.7%), one case was T3 (16.7%), and one case was T4 (16.7%). Five cases (83.3%) involved wide local resection, and only one case involved partial penile amputation. Four cases (66.7%) involved primary bilateral inguinocrural lymphadenectomy, and only one of those four cases involved lymphatic metastatic disease. One case (16.7%) involved lymphatic recurrence at 12 months in a patient who survived 38 months. One case (16.7%) involved local recurrence at 13 months in a patient who has survived 53 months. Eighty per cent of these patients remain alive, with no evidence of disease after an average follow-up of 96.7 months. CONCLUSION: Penile melanoma prognosis depends on the initial clinical stage of the disease. The risk of lymphatic involvement seems to be related to the same risk factors used to assess cutaneous melanoma. Clinicians can thus assess penile melanoma using the AJCC staging system. The use of sentinel lymph node biopsy to determine staging is also becoming more common and could replace prophylactic bilateral inguinal dissection.

Mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the pathogenesis of post-surgical peritoneal adhesions.

Peritoneal adhesions (PAs) are fibrotic bands formed between bowel loops, solid organs, and the parietal peritoneum, which may appear following surgery, infection or endometriosis. They represent an important health problem with no effective treatment. Mesothelial cells (MCs) line the peritoneal cavity and undergo a mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) under pathological conditions, transforming into myofibroblasts, which are abundant in peritoneal fibrotic tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate if peritoneal MCs undergo a MMT contributing to the formation of post-surgical adhesions. Biopsies from patients with PAs were analysed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and quantitative RT-PCR. A mouse model of PAs based on ischaemic buttons was used to modulate MMT by blocking the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) pathway. The severity of adhesions and MMT-related marker expression were studied. We observed myofibroblasts derived from the conversion of MCs in submesothelial areas of patients with PAs. In addition, MMT-related markers were dysregulated in adhesion zones when compared to distant normal peritoneal tissue of the same patient. In animal experiments, blockage of TGF-ß resulted in molecular reprogramming of markers related to the mesenchymal conversion of MCs and in a significant decrease in the severity of the adhesions. These data indicate for the first time that MMT is involved in PA pathogenesis. This finding opens new therapeutic strategies to interfere with adhesion formation by modulating MMT with a wide range of pharmacological agents.

Cutaneous Sinus Tracts of Odontogenic Origin: Two Case Reports.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous odontogenic fistulas or sinus tracts are frequently misdiagnosed and incorrectly treated, leading to unnecessary procedures and patient suffering. An understanding of the draining of cutaneous sinus tracts will lead to more appropriate treatment. Most cases respond to conservative, nonsurgical root canal therapy. Our objective is to report 2 cases of cutaneous sinus tract secondary to chronic periapical dental infection that were recently observed at our hospital. METHODS: We present 2 cases of recurrent suppurative facial lesions that were initially misdiagnosed and treated with oral antibiotics without response. RESULTS: Clinical findings included palpable facial nodules with drainage, palpable intraoral cords, and poor dentition with gingivitis; radiologic examination showed a periapical disease process consistent with dental sinus tracts. Both of the cases were referred to the maxillofacial department, where the cyst and nonrestorable teeth were extracted. CONCLUSION: Because patients with cutaneous facial sinus tracts of dental origin often do not have obvious dental symptoms, a possible dental etiology may be overlooked. If dental origin is suspected, the diagnosis is easily confirmed by dental examination and dental roentgenograms of the involved area. Early correct diagnosis, based on radiologic evidence of a periapical root infection and treatment of these lesions can help prevent unnecessary and ineffective antibiotic therapy or surgical treatment, reducing the possibility of further complications such as sepsis and osteomyelitis.

Real time detection of lysozyme by pulsed streaming potentials using polyclonal antibodies immobilized on a renewable nonfouling surface inside plastic microfluidic channels.

A composite surface was prepared on cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microchannels by UV-photografting of polyethylene glycol acrylate (PEGA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) films. A PEGA layer of globular particles with average thickness of 60 nm was formed after 15 min of polymerization. Real time monitoring by pulsed streaming potentials demonstrated the ability of the PEGA layer to inhibit the adhesion of five different nonspecific adsorbing proteins when compared with pristine COC. Roughness determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) after PAA grafting on COC-PEGA at different UV illumination times suggests that PAA formation is initiated at the free space in between the PEGA particles. Carboxylic groups activated with N-hydroxysuccinimide and N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide were used to bind anti-lysozyme polyclonal antibodies. The composite COC-PEGA-PAA-anti-lysozyme surface demonstrated its ability to detect lysozyme with a dynamic range between 140 and 860 nM. Linearity was maintained even when samples were spiked with 250 nM of cytochrome as interfering species. The equilibrium constant K(eq) for the adsorption of Ly on COC-PEGA-PAA-anti-Ly was estimated to be 2.7 × 10(6) M(-1), and it shows that this kinetic approach of monitoring the surface charge is also useful to estimate affinity interactions for proteins in label free fashion. The regeneration of the surface exhibited an average percentage of recovery of ∼97% for each of six adsorption-regeneration cycles. This feature enables curve calibration on a single microfluidic chip because each point of the curve has a reproducible and renewable surface.

Quantifying surface-accessible quaternary charge for surface modified coatings via streaming potential measurements.

Prior research established that P[AB]-copolyoxetane polyurethanes with soft blocks having A = trifluoroethoxy (CF(3)CH(2)-O-CH(2)-, 3FOx) and B = dodecylammonium-butoxy (C12) are highly effective as polymer surface modifiers (PSMs). These PSMs displayed high contact antimicrobial efficiency against spray challenge that was attributed to surface concentration of quaternary charge. Herein, using a novel cell design and polymer coating process, streaming potential (SP) measurements are reported for estimating accessible surface charge density. Fused-silica capillaries were embedded in flat polypropylene sheets, and the inner capillary walls were coated with neat HMDI-BD(30)-P[(3FOx)(C12)-87:13-5100] (PU-1) and 1 wt % PU-1 in HMDI-BD(50)-PTMO-1000 (base polyurethane 2). Effects of annealing (60 degrees C) and electrolyte flow cycles on near-surface quaternary charge concentration were determined. Neat PU-1 had a constant SP that was cycle-independent and actually increased on annealing. As-cast 1 wt % PU-1 showed initial SPs about half those for neat PU-1, with substantial attenuation over 16 measurement cycles. SPs for annealed 1 wt % PU-1 displayed lower initial values that attenuated rapidly over multiple cycles. Zeta potentials and surface charge densities were calculated from SPs and discussed relative to contact antimicrobial properties. Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) imaging was employed for investigation of 1 wt % PU-1 surface morphology. Microscale phase separation occurs on annealing 1 wt % PU-1 for 24 h at 60 degrees C. Surprisingly, phase separation was also observed after short immersion of 1 wt % PU-1 coatings in water. The morphological changes are correlated with instability of near-surface charge found by SP measurements. A model is proposed for near-surface spinodal decomposition of metastable as-cast 1 wt % PU-1. The formation of a fluorous modifier rich phase apparently sequesters near-surface quaternary charge and accounts for temporal instability of antimicrobial properties. The results are important in providing a facile method for screening polycation-based, contact antimicrobial coatings for accessible charge density and in assessing durability.

Adsorption kinetics of proteins in plastic microfluidic channels: real-time monitoring of lysozyme adsorption by pulsed streaming potentials.

A proof-of-concept study is presented illustrating the real-time monitoring of lysozyme (Ly) adsorption on the surface of microchannels made with cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). The signal arises from changes in the surface charge upon adsorption of Ly which is monitored by pulsed streaming potentials. Because streaming potentials are electrochemical potentials resulting from the pressure-driven flow of the liquid and the surface charge of the microchannel, this approach is ideal for microfluidics. Initial adsorption rates showed a linear correlation with the bulk concentration of [Ly] in the range between 7.0 and 350 nM. Fitting of the adsorption isotherms allowed the estimation of equilibrium and rate constants of adsorption. The influence of phosphate ions on the adsorption kinetics of Ly was also investigated. Unlike the steady flow used in conventional streaming potential measurements, the present approach incorporates pulsed flow and the ability to inject finite samples into the microfluidic stream. The pulsed flow allows the use of non-reference electrodes which removes the need for special electrolytes to stabilize the electrode potentials. Likewise, the injection permits monitoring of adsorption and desorption events in real time. The label-free monitoring of these events and the high sensitivity of the adsorption kinetics of Ly to solution species found in this work indicates that this method could be applicable to study protein-protein interactions.

Evaluación del modelo CNCPS-S para predecir el crecimiento del borrego pelibuey / Evaluation of the CNCPS-S model to predict the pelibuey sheep growth

Se evaluó el modelo de carbohidratos y proteínas netas de la Universidad de Cornell para ovinos (CNCPS-S), en cuanto a su capacidad para predecir la ganancia de peso vivo y el consumo de alimento en ovinos de pelo. Se utilizó una base de datos con información procedente de 29 experimentos, con un total de 1189 ovinos Pelibuey y 93 dietas. Los datos se agruparon por sexo y se analizó la capacidad predictiva del modelo considerando como principales indicadores los coeficientes de correlación (r) y de regresión lineal (r²), el error estándar de la estimación (MSE), el coeficiente de concordancia de la correlación (Cb y Pc), la media mínimo cuadrática del error de la predicción (MSEP) la eficiencia del modelo (MEF), y el coeficiente de determinación del modelo (CD). La predicción de la ganancia e peso vivo fue subestimada por el modelo. La r, r² y el Cb fueron mayores en las hembras que en los machos, con valores de 0.84; 0.71; 0.87; y 0.69; 0.48; 0.79, respectivamente, los valores de MEF indican una mayor eficiencia para los machos que en las hembras con valores de -0.004 y 0.443, respectivamente; el MSE fue menor en las hembras que en los machos, a igual que la MSEP y el CD, éste último cercano a la unidad, indicando una mejor predicción del modelo. Se concluye que el CNCPS-S fue más exacto en hembras pero más preciso en machos para predecir la ganancia de peso vivo en ovinos Puelibuey. La evaluación del modelo sugiere que el CNCPS-S puede emplearse para predecir la ganancia de peso en ovinos Puelibuey, sin embargo es necesario hacer adecuaciones para mejorar su capacidad de predicción en esta raza.

The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and protein System for sheep (CNCPS-S) was evaluated on its prediction capacity for daily weight gain and food intake of hair sheep. A data base containing information from 29 experiments, 1189 Pelibuey sheep and 93 diets was utilized. Data were grouped by sex, model adequacy was analyzed using correlation and lineal regression analysis (r and r2), the mean square error or standard error of the estimate (MSE), the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC, “Cb y Pc “), the mean square error of prediction (MSEP), the model efficiency (MEF), and the determination coefficient of the model (CD). Daily gain prediction was sub estimated by the model. The r, r2 and Cb were higher in females than males with values of 0.84, 0.71, 0.87, 0.48, y 0.69, 0.79, respectively, the MEF values indicated a better efficiency with males as compared with females with values of -0.004 y 0.443, respectively; ewes have lower MSE than males, similarly MSEP and CD, the last one closer to the unity, indicated a better prediction by the model. It was concluded that the CNCPS-S model was more accurate for females and more precise for males. The evaluation of the model indicated that the CNCPS-S can be used for predicting daily gain on hair sheep, however some adjustments are needed in order to improve the estimations with hair sheep.

Monitoring the fall of large atmospheric ice conglomerations: a multianalytical approach to the study of the Mejorada del Campo megacryometeor.

Certain local atmospheric anomalies, such as the formation of unusually large ice conglomerations (megacryometeors), have been proposed to be a potential natural hazard for people and aviation, as well as geoindicators for fingerprinting larger-scale atmospheric environmental changes. On March 13th 2007, at approximately 10:15 am, an ice chunk weighing about 10 kg fell from the clear-sky and crashed through the roof (around 15 m) of an industrial storage house in Mejorada del Campo, a town located 20 km east from Madrid. The megacryometeor monitoring follow-up and the original investigation presented here includes, for the first time, both logistic and scientific collaboration between the Laboratory of the Environment, Criminalistic Service (SECRIM, the Spanish "Guardia Civil") and academic and scientific institutions (universities and the Spanish National Research Council). We propose that the management procedure of the incident, along with the detailed scientific research and combination of analytical methodologies in different laboratories, can serve as a protocol model for other similar events.

Occurrence of campylobacter species in healthy well-nourished and malnourished children

The occurrence of Campylobacter species in healthy, well-nourished and healthy, malnourished children of low socioeconomic level in Southern Chile was determined. Campylobacter carriers were significantly most frequent among malnourished (31.4 percent) than among well-nourished (9.9 percent) children. Six species were isolated from malnourished children whereas four were found among well-nourished children. C. upsaliensis was the most frequent (13.3 percent) species isolated from malnourished children, followed by C. lari (7.6 percent) and C. fetus ssp. fetus (1.9 percent).

A ocorrência de espécies de Campylobacter em crianças mal nutridas e bem nutridas, sem diarréia e de baixo nível socioeconômico, foi determinada. Os portadores de Campylobacter foram mais freqüentes entre as crianças mal nutridas (31,4 por cento) do que entre as crianças bem nutridas (9,9 por cento). Seis espécies de Campylobacter foram isoladas das crianças mal nutridas e quatro das crianças bem nutridas. C. upsaliensis foi a espécie mias freqüentemente isolada (13,3 por cento) das crianças mal nutridas, seguida de C. lari (7,6 por cento) e C. fetus ssp. fetus (1,9 por cento).

Occurrence of campylobacter species in healthy well-nourished and malnourished children.

The occurrence of Campylobacter species in healthy, well-nourished and healthy, malnourished children of low socioeconomic level in Southern Chile was determined. Campylobacter carriers were significantly most frequent among malnourished (31.4%) than among well-nourished (9.9%) children. Six species were isolated from malnourished children whereas four were found among well-nourished children. C. upsaliensis was the most frequent (13.3%) species isolated from malnourished children, followed by C. lari (7.6%) and C. fetus ssp. fetus (1.9%).

Usefulness of the peak velocity difference by tissue Doppler imaging technique as an effective predictor of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves symptoms and functional status in heart failure patients; however, current selection criteria need improvement. A novel tissue Doppler imaging parameter, the peak velocity difference (PVD), defined as the greatest difference in time to peak velocity between any of 6 left ventricular regions, may better select responders to CRT. Subjects were divided into 2 groups based on the PVD. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters significantly improved in subjects with dyssynchrony by the baseline PVD and had a better overall response to CRT.

Eficacia del examen digital rectal de la próstata y antígeno prostático específico en la detección del cáncer de próstata / Efficacy of serum prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal examination on prostate cancer detection

Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia del Examen Digital Rectal (EDR) y del Antígeno Prostático Específico (APE) en la detección del cáncer de prostáta. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH) en el período 1977 y 1999. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Urología con sintomatología prostática y que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La eficacia de las pruebas diagnósticas se evaluó con la sensibilidad y especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y valor predictivo negativo (VPN), además evaluamos la asociación de cada prueba con el grado de diferenciación histológica e infiltración perineural. Resultados: De 112 pacientes solo 80 fueron evaluables. En 46(57.5 por ciento) pacientes se confirmó cáncer prostático por estudio histológico de los cuales 38(82.7 por ciento) presentaron EDR anormal y APE>4ng/ml. De 62 pacientes con EDR anormal 40(64.5 por ciento) presentaron cáncer. El APE >10 ng/ml se detectó en 59 pacientes y 42(71.27 por ciento) de ellos tuvieron cáncer. Para un EDR anormal y APE >4ng/ml, la sensibilidad fue de 0.95, la especificidad de 0.65, el VPP de 0.76 y el VPN de 0.73. Ambas pruebas positivas se asociaron a pobre grado de diferenciación histológica. Conclusión: En la población estudiada el EDR anormal y el APE > 4 ng/ml son eficaces en la detección de cáncer de próstata.

Influencia del tratamiento quirúrgico de la próstata sobre la función renal en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica secundaria a hiperplasia prostática benigna / Influence of prostatectomy over renal function in patients with chronic renal failure secundary to benign prostate hyperplasia

Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia del tratamiento quirúrgico sobre la función renal en pacientes con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica (IRC) causada por Hiperplasia Prostática Benigna (HPB). Material y métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y analítico de series de casos; cuya variable resultado principal fue el delta de creatinina (creatinina post cirugía - creatinina pre-cirugía), los deltas de creatinina negativos se categorizaron como mejoría de la función renal y los deltas de creatinina positivos como deterioro de la función renal. Resultados: De 40 casos, 24 cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. La edad promedio fue de 67.2 ñ 6.8 años. El síntoma más frecuente fue el chorro urinario delgado presentándose en 20 (83.3 por ciento) pacientes. Trece (54.17 por ciento) pacientes tuvieron una próstata mediana, quienes con los pacientes de próstata grande refirieron con mayor frecuencia el síntoma de polaquiuria (p=0.03). El tratamiento quirúrgico de pacientes con IRC por HPB produjo una mejoría de la función renal en el 83 por ciento de los casos. Solo 4 (16.67 por ciento) pacientes tuvieron delta de creatinina positivo con disminución de la función renal post-cirugía. Se encontró una correlación directa entre la edad y el delta de creatinina (r=0.55) (p=0.004) traduciendo una asociación del deterioro de la función renal post-cirugía con la edad. Conclusiones: El tratamiento quirúrgico de pacientes con IRC por HPB produjo una mejoría de la función renal en la mayoría de los pacientes evaluados en este estudio. No se identificó factores de riesgo relacionados con un deterioro o mejoría de la función renal post-cirugía.