Novel B2 mitogenomes from Continental southern Patagonia's Late Holocene: New insights into the peopling of the Southern Cone.

OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study is to discuss the migratory processes and peopling dynamics that shaped the genetic variability of populations during the settlement of the Southern Cone, through the analysis of complete mitogenomes of individuals from southern Patagonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Complete mitogenomes were sequenced through massively parallel sequencing from two late Holocene individuals (SAC 1-1-3 and SAC 1-1-4) buried in the same chenque at Salitroso Lake Basin (Santa Cruz province, Argentina). To evaluate matrilineal phylogenetic affinities with other haplotypes, maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions were performed, as well as a haplotype median-joining network. RESULTS: The mitogenomes were assigned to haplogroups B2 and B2b, exhibiting an average depth of 54X and 89X (≥1X coverage of 98.6% and 100%), and a high number of nucleotide differences among them. The phylogenetic analyses showed a relatively close relationship between the haplotype found in SAC 1-1-4 and those retrieved from a Middle Holocene individual from Laguna Chica (Buenos Aires province), and from a group of individuals from the Peruvian coast. For the SAC 1-1-3, no clear affiliations to any other haplotype were established. DISCUSSION: The large divergence between the haplotypes presented in this study suggests either a highly variable founder gene pool, or a later enrichment by frequent biological contact with other populations. Our results underline the persistence of genetic signals related to the first waves of peopling in South America, suggesting that the regional settlement of the southern end of the continent has been much more complex than initially thought.

OBJETIVOS: El objetivo principal de este estudio es discutir los procesos migratorios y la dinámica de poblamiento que moldearon la variabilidad genética de las poblaciones durante el poblamiento del Cono Sur, a través del análisis de mitogenomas completos de individuos del sur de Patagonia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se obtuvieron mitogenomas completos mediante secuenciación masiva de dos individuos del Holoceno tardío (SAC 1-1-3 y SAC 1-1-4) enterrados en el mismo chenque en la Cuenca del Lago Salitroso (provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina). Para evaluar las afinidades matrilineales con otros haplotipos, se realizaron reconstrucciones filogenéticas de máxima verosimilitud y bayesianas, así como una red mediana de haplotipos. RESULTADOS: Los mitogenomas fueron asignados a los haplogrupos B2 y B2b, exhibiendo una profundidad de secuenciación promedio de 54X y 89X (cobertura ≥1X de 98,6% y 100%), y un elevado número de diferencias nucleotídicas entre ellos. Los análisis filogenéticos mostraron una relación relativamente estrecha entre el haplotipo encontrado en el SAC 1-1-4 y los recuperados de un individuo del Holoceno Medio de Laguna Chica (provincia de Buenos Aires), y de un grupo de individuos de la costa peruana. Para el SAC 1-1-3, no se establecieron relaciones claras con ningún otro haplotipo. DISCUSIÓN: La gran divergencia entre los haplotipos presentados en este estudio sugiere gran variabilidad en el acervo genético fundador, o bien un enriquecimiento posterior por contacto biológico frecuente con otras poblaciones. Nuestros resultados destacan la persistencia de señales genéticas relacionadas con las primeras oleadas de poblamiento de Sudamérica, lo que sugiere que el poblamiento regional del extremo sur del continente ha sido mucho más complejo de lo que se pensaba inicialmente.

Double Digest Restriction-Site Associated DNA Sequencing (ddRADseq) Technology.

Double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) technology combines genome reduced representation by digestion with two restriction enzymes and next generation sequencing (NGS) to obtain thousands of markers (SNP, SSR, and InDels) and genotype tens to hundreds of samples simultaneously. In this chapter, we describe a 96-plex derived ddRADseq protocol that can be set up to obtain different depth of coverage per locus and can be exploited to model and non-model plant species.

Assessing the hidden diversity underlying consensus sequences of SARS-CoV-2 using VICOS, a novel bioinformatic pipeline for identification of mixed viral populations.

INTRODUCTION: Coinfection with two SARS-CoV-2 viruses is still a very understudied phenomenon. Although next generation sequencing methods are very sensitive to detect heterogeneous viral populations in a sample, there is no standardized method for their characterization, so their clinical and epidemiological importance is unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We developed VICOS (Viral COinfection Surveillance), a new bioinformatic algorithm for variant calling, filtering and statistical analysis to identify samples suspected of being mixed SARS-CoV-2 populations from a large dataset in the framework of a community genomic surveillance. VICOS was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 coinfections in a dataset of 1,097 complete genomes collected between March 2020 and August 2021 in Argentina. RESULTS: We detected 23 cases (2%) of SARS-CoV-2 coinfections. Detailed study of VICOS's results together with additional phylogenetic analysis revealed 3 cases of coinfections by two viruses of the same lineage, 2 cases by viruses of different genetic lineages, 13 were compatible with both coinfection and intra-host evolution, and 5 cases were likely a product of laboratory contamination. DISCUSSION: Intra-sample viral diversity provides important information to understand the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. Advanced bioinformatics tools, such as VICOS, are a necessary resource to help unveil the hidden diversity of SARS-CoV-2.

ddRADseq-mediated detection of genetic variants in sugarcane.

KEY MESSAGE: The article presents an optimization of the key parameters for the identification of SNPs in sugarcane using a GBS protocol based on two Illumina NextSeq and NovaSeq platforms. Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.), a world-wide known feedstock for sugar production, bioethanol, and energy, has an extremely complex genome, being highly polyploid and aneuploid. A double-digestion restriction site-associated DNA sequencing protocol (ddRADseq) was tested in four commercial sugarcane hybrids and one high-fibre biotype for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In this work we tested two Illumina sequencing platforms, read size (70 vs. 150 bp), different sequencing coverage per individual (medium and high coverage), and single-reads versus paired-end reads. We also explored different variant calling strategies (with and without reference genome) and filtering schemes [combining two minor allele frequencies (MAFs) with three depth of coverage thresholds]. For the discovery of a large number of novel SNPs in sugarcane, we recommend longer size and paired-end reads, medium sequencing coverage per individual and Illumina platform NovaSeq6000 for a cost-effective approach, and filter parameters of lower MAF and higher depth coverages thresholds. Although the de novo analysis retrieved more SNPs, the reference-based method allows downstream characterization of variants. For the two best performing matrices, the number of SNPs per chromosome correlated positively with chromosome length, demonstrating the presence of variants throughout the genome. Multivariate comparisons, with both matrices, showed closer relationships among commercial hybrids than with the high-fibre biotype. Functional analysis of the SNPs demonstrated that more than half of them landed within regulatory regions, whereas the other half affected coding, intergenic and intronic regions. Allelic distances values were lower than 0.07 when analysing two replicated genotypes, confirming the protocol robustness.

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Africanized Apis mellifera colonies with natural tolerance to Varroa destructor and contrasting defensive behavior.

Africanized Apis mellifera colonies with promising characteristics for beekeeping have been detected in northern Argentina (subtropical climate) and are considered of interest for breeding programs. Integral evaluation of this feral material revealed high colony strength and resistance/tolerance to brood diseases. However, these Africanized honeybees (AHB) also showed variable negative behavioral traits for beekeeping, such as defensiveness, tendency to swarm and avoidance behavior. We developed a protocol for the selection of AHB stocks based on defensive behavior and characterized contrasting colonies for this trait using NGS technologies. For this purpose, population and behavioral parameters were surveyed throughout a beekeeping season in nine daughter colonies obtained from a mother colony (A1 mitochondrial haplotype) with valuable characteristics (tolerance to the mite Varroa destructor, high colony strength and low defensiveness). A Defensive Behavior Index was developed and tested in the colonies under study. Mother and two daughter colonies displaying contrasting defensive behavior were analyzed by ddRADseq. High-quality DNA samples were obtained from 16 workers of each colony. Six pooled samples, including two replicates of each of the three colonies, were processed. A total of 12,971 SNPs were detected against the reference genome of A. mellifera, 142 of which showed significant differences between colonies. We detected SNPs in coding regions, lncRNA, miRNA, rRNA, tRNA, among others. From the original data set, we also identified 647 SNPs located in protein-coding regions, 128 of which are related to 21 genes previously associated with defensive behavior, such as dop3 and dopR2, CaMKII and ADAR, obp9 and obp10, and members of the 5-HT family. We discuss the obtained results by considering the influence of polyandry and paternal lineages on the defensive behavior in AHB and provide baseline information to use this innovative molecular approach, ddRADseq, to assist in the selection and evaluation of honey bee stocks showing low defensive behavior for commercial uses.

Plastome genomics in South American maize landraces: chloroplast lineages parallel the geographical structuring of nuclear gene pools.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The number of plastome sequences has increased exponentially during the last decade. However, there is still little knowledge of the levels and distribution of intraspecific variation. The aims of this study were to estimate plastome diversity within Zea mays and analyse the distribution of haplotypes in connection with the landrace groups previously delimited for South American maize based on nuclear markers. METHODS: We obtained the complete plastomes of 30 South American maize landraces and three teosintes by means of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and used them in combination with data from public repositories. After quality filtering, the curated data were employed to search for single-nucleotide polymorphisms, indels and chloroplast simple sequence repeats. Exact permutational contingency tests were performed to assess associations between plastome and nuclear variation. Network and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were used to infer evolutionary relationships among haplotypes. KEY RESULTS: Our analyses identified a total of 124 polymorphic plastome loci, with the intergenic regions psbE-rps18, petN-rpoB, trnL_UAG-ndhF and rpoC2-atpI exhibiting the highest marker densities. Although restricted in number, these markers allowed the discrimination of 27 haplotypes in a total of 51 Zea mays individuals. Andean and lowland South American landraces differed significantly in haplotype distribution. However, overall differentiation patterns were not informative with respect to subspecies diversification, as evidenced by the scattered distribution of maize and teosinte plastomes in both the network and Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of intraspecific plastome variation provides the framework for a more comprehensive understanding of evolutionary processes at low taxonomic levels and may become increasingly important for future plant barcoding efforts. Whole-plastome sequencing provided useful variability to contribute to maize phylogeographic studies. The structuring of haplotype diversity in the maize landraces examined here clearly reflects the distinction between the Andean and South American lowland gene pools previously inferred based on nuclear markers.

Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution over Hydrothermally Synthesized Re-Doped MoS2 Flower-Like Microspheres.

In this research, we report a simple hydrothermal synthesis to prepare rhenium (Re)- doped MoS2 flower-like microspheres and the tuning of their structural, electronic, and electrocatalytic properties by modulating the insertion of Re. The obtained compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Structural, morphological, and chemical analyses confirmed the synthesis of poorly crystalline Re-doped MoS2 flower-like microspheres composed of few stacked layers. They exhibit enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with low overpotential of 210 mV at current density of 10 mA/cm2, with a small Tafel slope of 78 mV/dec. The enhanced catalytic HER performance can be ascribed to activation of MoS2 basal planes and by reduction in charge transfer resistance during HER upon doping.

Ecoepidemiología de las lesiones causadas por medusas urticantes en el balneario de Monte Hermoso. Buenos Aires. Argentina / Ecoepidemiology of lesions caused by venomous jellyfish in Monte Hermoso beach. Buenos Aires. Argentina

En la costa sudoeste bonaerense uno de los principales desafíos para el turismo es el tratamiento y la prevención de envenenamientos por medusas. Hasta el momento se conocen tres especies de medusas urticantes que arriban a la costa: Chrysaora lactea, Liriope tetraphylla y Olindias sambaquiensis. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: calcular los parámetros poblacionales de las medusas urticantes, efectuar el diagnóstico diferencial de los síntomas causados por envenenamiento, analizar el número de afectados en relación a la abundancia de medusas urticantes, evaluar la elección diferencial del centro de atención primaria elegido por los afectados y confeccionar un algoritmo diagnóstico. El número de medusas urticantes en el año 2016 fue cinco veces mayor que en 2017. Liriope tetraphylla registró las mayores abundancias promedio, frecuencias y dominancias relativas. En 2016 coincidió su mayor abundancia con el mayor porcentaje de afectados. En 2016 se registraron 69 casos totales de envenenamiento y en 2017 se identificaron 79 casos. En 2017 el porcentaje de personas afectadas por O. sambaquiensis no presentó una correlación con la abundancia promedio de esta especie. Liriope tetraphylla causó lesiones eritematomaculo-papulares acompañadas de prurito sin dolor, C. lactea provocó lesiones eritemato-vesiculosas de dolor moderado y O. sambaquiensis lesiones eritemato-edematosas lineales de dolor intenso con hiperpigmentación residual. No existe tratamiento específico para el envenenamiento, la terapéutica diferencial es sintomática. Las primeras acciones son comunes para las tres especies: lavar con solución fisiológica o agua de mar limpia y aplicar compresas frías.

On the Southwest coast of Buenos Aires Province one of the main challenges for tourism is the treatment and prevention of poisoning by jellyfish. So far, three species of venomous jellyfish arriving to the coast have been identified: Chrysaora lactea, Liriope tetraphylla, and Olindias sambaquiensis. The objectives of this study were: to calculate the population parameters of the venomous jellyfish, to carry out a differential diagnosis of the symptoms caused by poisoning, to analyze the number of individuals affected in relation to the abundance of this jellyfish, to evaluate which primary care centers are chosen by those affected, and to develop a diagnostic algorithm. The number of venomous jellyfish in 2016 was five times higher than in 2017. The highest average abundance, frequency, and relative dominance were recorded for L. tetraphylla. In 2016, its greatest abundance coincided with the highest percentage of people affected by this species. A total of 69 confirmed cases of poisoning caused by the three species were recorded in 2016 and 79 cases in 2017. In 2017, the percentage of people affected by O. sambaquiensis was not correlated with the average abundance of this species. Liriope tetraphylla caused erythematous-maculopapular lesions accompanied by painless pruritus; C. lactea caused erythematous-vesicular lesions of moderate pain and O. sambaquiensis caused linear erythematous-edematous lesions with severe pain and residual hyperpigmentation. At present, there is no specific treatment for poisoning, the differential therapy is symptomatic. The recommended actions are common for all three species: wash the skin with physiological solution or clean sea water and apply cold compresses.

Energy deposition of H and He ion beams in hydroxyapatite films: a study with implications for ion-beam cancer therapy.

Ion-beam cancer therapy is a promising technique to treat deep-seated tumors; however, for an accurate treatment planning, the energy deposition by the ions must be well known both in soft and hard human tissues. Although the energy loss of ions in water and other organic and biological materials is fairly well known, scarce information is available for the hard tissues (i.e., bone), for which the current stopping power information relies on the application of simple additivity rules to atomic data. Especially, more knowledge is needed for the main constituent of human bone, calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp), which constitutes 58% of its mass composition. In this work the energy loss of H and He ion beams in HAp films has been obtained experimentally. The experiments have been performed using the Rutherford backscattering technique in an energy range of 450-2000 keV for H and 400-5000 keV for He ions. These measurements are used as a benchmark for theoretical calculations (stopping power and mean excitation energy) based on the dielectric formalism together with the MELF-GOS (Mermin energy loss function-generalized oscillator strength) method to describe the electronic excitation spectrum of HAp. The stopping power calculations are in good agreement with the experiments. Even though these experimental data are obtained for low projectile energies compared with the ones used in hadron therapy, they validate the mean excitation energy obtained theoretically, which is the fundamental quantity to accurately assess energy deposition and depth-dose curves of ion beams at clinically relevant high energies. The effect of the mean excitation energy choice on the depth-dose profile is discussed on the basis of detailed simulations. Finally, implications of the present work on the energy loss of charged particles in human cortical bone are remarked.

Resultado a largo plazo de las fusiones largas espinopelvicas en escoliosis: importancia de la edad, la capacidad de marcha y el tipo de fijación ilíaca / Resultado a longo prazo das grandes artrodeses espinopélvicas em escoliose: importância da idade, da capacidade de marcha e do tipo de fixação ilíaca / Long-term result of major spinopelvic arthrodeses in scoliosis: importance of age, walking ability and type of iliac fixation

OBJETIVO: Conocer los factores que influyen en los fracasos instrumentales lumbosacros después de fusiones espinopélvicas largas. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes diagnosticados con escoliosis, tratados quirúrgicamente por vía posterior, realizándo se fusión espinopélvica de T2 o T3 a ilíaco, utilizando tornillos pediculares e ilíacos. Se analizaron los fracasos instrumentales y su asociación con diferentes parámetros clínicos y radiológicos. RESULTADOS: Se presentan 44 pacientes con edad promedio de 24 años, con diferentes etiologías. El valor promedio preoperatorio de la curva mayor era de 74,2º, y en la revisión final la corrección promedio fue 67%. El desequilibrio anteroposterior y la inclinación pélvica, la cifosis torácica, la lordosis lumbar y el desequilibrio lateral mejoraron significativamente en la revisión final. Hubo 41% de fracasos de instrumentación, todos a nivel lumbosacro. Se encontró asociación significativa con más fracasos instrumentales en mayores de 17 años y en los que tenían deambulación autónoma. En 24 pacientes, se utilizó un solo tornillo ilíaco bilateralmente y en 20 pacientes, dos o más. Los dos grupos tuvieron una incidencia similar de fracasos. En el grupo de dos o más tornillos solo existieron roturas de barras sin desanclajes, ni lisis. El uso de implantes intersomáticos de L3 a S1 o cerclajes sublaminares con una tercera barra disminuyó la incidencia de fracasos. CONCLUSIONES: En esta serie se presentaron un 41% de fracasos instrumentales, todos localizados a nivel lumbosacro. Los pacientes con capacidad de deambulación autónoma y mayores de 17 años presentaron significativamente más fallas instrumentales. En los que se realizó fusión intersomática L3-S1 o una tercera barra con cerclajes sublaminares, disminuyó la incidencia.

OBJETIVO: Compreender os fatores que influenciam as falhas instrumentais lombossacrais depois de fusões espinopélvicas grandes. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com diagnóstico de escoliose, tratados cirurgicamente com fusão espinopélvica por via posterior, realizada de T2 ou T3 até o ilíaco, com parafusos pediculares e ilíacos. As falhas instrumentais foram analisadas, além de sua associação com diferentes parâmetros clínicos e radiológicos. RESULTADOS: Apresentamos 44 pacientes com média de idade de 24 anos, com diferentes etiologias. O valor médio da curva pré-operatória maior foi 74,2 graus, e na revisão final foi de 67%. O desequilíbrio anteroposterior e a inclinação pélvica, a cifose torácica, a lordose lombar e o desequilíbrio lateral melhoraram significantemente na revisão final. Houve falhas de instrumentação de 41%, todas na região lombossacral. Verificou-se associação significante com mais falhas instrumentais em pacientes com mais de 17 anos e nos que tinham deambulação independente. Em 24 pacientes, utilizou-se um único parafuso ilíaco bilateral e em 20 pacientes, foram usados dois ou mais. Os dois grupos tiveram incidência de falhas semelhante. No grupo de dois ou mais parafusos ocorreram apenas quebra de hastes, sem perda da ancoragem ou lise. Os implantes intersomáticos de L3 a S1 ou amarrias sublaminares com uma terceira haste diminuíram a incidência de fracassos. CONCLUSÕES: Nesta série ocorreram 41% de falhas instrumentais, todas localizadas na região lombossacral. Os pacientes com capacidade de marcha independente e com mais de 17 anos tiveram significantemente mais falhas instrumentais. Nos pacientes submetidos à fusão intersomática de L3-S1 ou com uma terceira haste com amarrias sublaminares, a incidência foi reduzida.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors that influence lumbosacral instrumentation failures following spino-pelvic fusions. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with scoliosis who underwent spinopelvic fusion via posterior, from T2 or T3 proximally to iliac crest, using pedicle and iliac screws. Instrumentation failures were analyzed, and the association of this complication with different parameters was studied. RESULTS: We present 44 patients, with an average age of 24 years, with different etiologies. The mean value of the largest preoperative major curve was 74.2°, and in the final review, it was 67%. The anterior-posterior imbalance, pelvic tilt, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and lateral imbalance were significantly improved in the final review. There were instrumentation failures in 41% cases, all at the lumbosacral level. A significant association was found between increased instrumentation failures in patients over 17 years and in patients with independent walking ability. In 24 patients, a bilateral single iliac screw was used and in 20 patients, two or more screws were used. Both groups had a similar incidence of failures. In the group with two or more screws, only rod breakages occurred, without detachment or screw lysis. There was lower instrumentation failure incidence in the patients who underwent L3-S1 interbody fusion or a third rod attached with sublaminar compression hooks. CONCLUSIONS: This series had 41% instrumentation failures, all located at lumbosacral level. There were significant more instrumentation failures in patients with independent walking ability and those aged over 17 years. There was lower instrumentation failure incidence in the patients who underwent L3-S1 interbody fusion or a third rod attached with sublaminar compression hooks.

Early maize agriculture and interzonal interaction in southern Peru.

Over the past decade, increasing attention to the recovery and identification of plant microfossil remains from archaeological sites located in lowland South America has significantly increased knowledge of pre-Columbian plant domestication and crop plant dispersals in tropical forests and other regions. Along the Andean mountain chain, however, the chronology and trajectory of plant domestication are still poorly understood for both important indigenous staple crops such as the potato (Solanum sp.) and others exogenous to the region, for example, maize (Zea mays). Here we report the analyses of plant microremains from a late preceramic house (3,431 +/- 45 to 3,745 +/- 65 14C bp or approximately 3,600 to 4,000 calibrated years bp) in the highland southern Peruvian site of Waynuna. Our results extend the record of maize by at least a millennium in the southern Andes, show on-site processing of maize into flour, provide direct evidence for the deliberate movement of plant foods by humans from the tropical forest to the highlands, and confirm the potential of plant microfossil analysis in understanding ancient plant use and migration in this region.

Efecto de una ittervención cognitivo-conductualsobre variables emocionales en adultos mayores * / Effects of a connitive behavioral intervention on the emotional variables among the llderly

An evaluation of a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention oriented to an elderly group in order to decrease their anxiety and depressive symptomatology is outlined. Treatment was conducted during a 1 month period (two-2 hour sessions per week). Participants were 39 older persons from the city of Santiago (Chile). Their depression status was mild/moderate with anxious symptomatology, and were distributed to the experimental and control groups. Major used techniques were: Progressive Relaxation, Cognitive Restructuring and Psycho Education. For the analysis of results, a multivaried experimental design for the comparison of two groups, involving measurements pre, during, post and follow-up of the intervention was used. Results revealed statistically relevant (p<0.05) variances among the experimental and control groups for every measurement of both treatment and follow-up of the variables studied. The size of the effect was moderate-high for anxiety-state (0.74) and depression (0.68) and moderate for anxiety-trait (0.52). In relation to Power, it was high for all variables studied, with a value of 1 at the end of the research.

Se presenta la evaluación de una intervención cognitivo-conductual breve dirigida a un grupo de adultos mayores con el objetivo de disminuir su sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva. El tratamiento duró un mes (dos sesiones semanales de dos horas cada una). Participaron 38 adultos mayores de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile diagnosticados con depresión leve/ moderada y sintomatología ansiosa, los cuales fueron asignados aleatoriamente a los grupos experimental y control. Las principales técnicas utilizadas fueron relajación progresiva, reestructuración cognitiva y psicoeducación. Para el análisis de resultados se utilizó un diseño experimental multivariado de comparación de dos grupos, con mediciones pre, durante, post y seguimiento a las dos semanas y al mes de finalizada la intervención. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos experimental y control en todas las mediciones de tratamiento y seguimiento de las variables estudiadas p<0,05. El tamaño del efecto fue moderado-alto para ansiedad-estado (0,74) y depresión (0,68) y moderado para ansiedad-rasgo (0,52). En relación a la Potencia, ésta fue alta para todas las variables estudiadas, presentando un valor de 1 al finalizar la investigación.

Grupos: aspectos terapeuticos e preventivos em instituicoes

O autor nos relata a sua experiencia da utilizacao de 'Grupos de Reflexao' com a equipe interdisciplinar, pacientes com acentuada agressividade fisica e verbal e familiares dos mesmos. Permitindo restabelecer as funcoes terapeuticas da equipe, a melhora do quadro clinico do paciente e a compreensao dos familiares com o mesmo.

Valor do questionário CAGE na detecçäo precoce dos pacientes com risco para o desenvolvimento de síndrome de abstinência de álcool, num hospital geral / Value of the CAGE questionnaire to early detection of general hospital patients with risk to develop alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Neste estudo aplicamos o questionário CAGE a 432 pacientes internados num hospital geral universitário, no dia de sua internaçäo. No período de 24 a 32 horas após a internaçäo, os pacientes com este CAGE positivo e seus controles pareados CAGE negativos foram submetidos a um exame psiquiátrico para avaliaçäo de sintomas sugestivos de síndrome de abstinência, preenchendo-se a escala CIWA-A. Os resultados sugerem uma pequena especificidade do questionário CAGE para síndrome de abstinência grave; porém, este instrumento mostrou-se eficaz na detecçäo de pacientes com síndrome de grau leve

Valor do questionario "CAGE" na deteccao precoce dos pacientes com risco para o desenvolvimento de sindrome de abstinencia do alcool, num hospital geral

Neste estudo aplicamos o questionario CAGE a 432 pacientes internados num hospital geral universitario, no dia de sua internacao. No periodo de 24 a 32 horas apos a internacao, os pacientes com teste CAGE positivo e seus controles pareados CAGE negatiovs forma submetidos a um exame psiquiatrico para avaliacao de sintomas sugestivos de sindrome de abstinencia, preenchendo-se a escala CIWA-A. Os resultados sugerem uma pequena especificidade do questionario CAGE para sindrome de abstinencia grave; porem, este instrumento mostrou-se efeicaz na deteccao de pacientes com sindrome de grau leve.