[Nutrient intake and nutritional status of 4-10-year-old Hungarian children]. / 4­10 éves magyar gyermekek tápanyagbeviteli és tápláltsági állapotának felmérése.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The growing trend of childhood obesity is a major public health issue. Collaborations between medical and healthcare professionals, preventive and health preservative programs, dietary habit and nutrient intake studies are indispensable. METHOD: A representative study has been performed among 4-10-year-old Hungarian children by gender, age, size of settlement and region. The study included 733 assessable questionnaires and 666 dietary records. Data on children's eating habits were collected by using the internationally recommended three-day dietary record method. Body weight and height measurements were taken for each child to determine nutritional status. Data were analyzed with statistical methods. RESULTS: The rate of overweight and obesity is 23%. Energy intake differs significantly between body mass index groups. The children's fat intake is excessive (34.2 energy%), the saturated fatty acid intake exceeds the recommended 10 energy%, omega fatty acid ratio is disadvantageous and the children's cholesterol intake is high. The average energy from carbohydrates is below the recommended 57 energy%, from added sugar it is 11%, which affects 52% of the children. Their low fibre intake (19.4 g/day) is due to low fruit, vegetable (263 g/day) and whole grain consumption. Of the micronutrients, sodium intake is 3-4 times higher than the recommended. In 35% of the children, the calcium intake is below the critical threshold, due to unfavourable milk and milk product consumption (290 g/day). Vitamin D intake was low in 98-100% of the children. CONCLUSION: Compared to the results of other European and national studies performed among children, adolescent and adults, the nutritional status and nutrient intake of our sample is unfavourable. Comprehensive intervention, education of the children with the involvement of their parents is essential to reduce obesity. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(14): 533-540.

Xanthohumol-Enriched Beer Does Not Exert Antitumorigenic Effects on HeLa Cell Line In Vivo.

Xanthohumol is a hop-derived flavonoid that has been widely examined for its health-protecting and antitumorigenic properties, but not yet in a natural beer matrix. The aim of the study was to investigate the antitumorigenic potential of a xanthohumol-enriched beer in vivo. Four groups of 4 × 10 nude mice were formed. Following the injection of HeLa tumorigenic cell lines, the treatment groups were administered a xanthohumol supplementation for 100 days, either dissolved in beer or in an ethanolic solution with the same alcohol strength as beer. The control groups received un-supplemented material. The terminal tumor masses, liver weights, and plasma antioxidant capacities (FRAP and ABTS methods) were measured. For the statistical analysis, a two-way ANOVA test was performed (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in tumor size between the groups. Xanthohumol did not induce higher levels of plasma antioxidant capacity, neither in beer nor in the water-ethanol matrix. The terminal liver weights were significantly higher in the control group receiving the unsupplemented ethanol solution. Xanthohumol dissolved in beer or in the water-alcohol matrix did not have a protective effect on tumor growth, nor did it have a positive effect on plasma antioxidant capacity either. However, beer with added xanthohumol had a less harmful effect on the liver compared to the supplemented water-ethanol solution. Our results indicate the possible negative countereffect of ethanol; however, further investigations are needed.

Medical nutrition therapy of stroke patients with dysphagia ­ 2021 / A dysphagia táplálásterápiája stroke-betegek esetében - 2021.

Összefoglaló. A neurológiai betegek körében a dysphagia elofordulása gyakori, és több oka van. Az utóbbi évek kutatásai a közvetlen neurológiai kórokok (beleértve a gyakori stroke) szerepét is részletesen feltárták. Felismerték az ún. néma aspiráció jelentoségét: ez gyakran áll az (aspirációs) pneumonia hátterében, amely sokszor halálos szövodmény lehet. Az ún. poststroke pneumonia fogalma gyökeresen más értelmezésbe helyezte a stroke-ot követo tüdogyulladások megítélését, jellegzetessége alapján egyértelmuen a stroke közvetlen cerebralis hatásaként alakul ki. Egyértelmuvé vált a nyelészavar korai felismerésének és ellátásának szükségessége. A stroke-betegek megfelelo tápláltsági állapota az eredményes rehabilitációnak, a szövodményszám csökkentésének, a rövidebb kórházi kezelésnek, az alacsonyabb mortalitásnak a záloga. A dysphagia a betegség kimenetelének független elorejelzoje lehet, különösen az elso három hónapban. A nyelészavar malnutritióval, kiszáradással és a kórházi tartózkodás hosszabb idotartamával jár együtt, emeli a gyógyszerköltségeket. A stroke-beteg ellátásának egyik elso eleme a dysphagia szurése. Táplálásterápiára akkor szorul a stroke-beteg, amikor magas a kóros tápláltsági állapot kialakulásának kockázata, és per os táplálással nem fedezheto biztonságosan a megfelelo energia-, tápanyag- és folyadékbevitel. A táplálásterápia módját, eszközeit, az energia- és tápanyagbeviteli célértékeket az orvos határozza meg, az alapbetegség súlyosságától, a társbetegségektol és a laborértékektol függoen. Az étrend minden esetben individuális és progresszív, azaz alkalmazkodik a beteg állapotához és annak változásához. A dietetikus feladata a megfelelo diéta összeállítása mellett a beteg, a hozzátartozó és a kezeloszemélyzet oktatása, az állapot követése, a beteg tápláltsági állapotának, tápanyagbeviteli értékeinek gyakori elemzése, szükség esetén tápszerek ajánlása. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(40): 1601-1609. Summary. Among neurological patients, the incidence of dysphagia is common and has several causes. Research in recent years has explored the role of direct neurological pathogens (including frequent strokes). The frequency of 'silent aspiration', which often underlies (aspirational) pneumonia and can be a fatal complication, has been recently discovered. The concept of 'post-stroke pneumonia' has drastically changed the assessment of post-stroke pneumonia. Based on its characteristics, it clearly develops as a direct cerebral effect of stroke. The need for early detection and early care of swallowing disorder has become clear. Adequate nutritional status of stroke patients is the key to successful rehabilitation, reduction of complications, shorter hospitalization, and lower mortality. Dysphagia can be an independent predictor of disease outcome, especially in the first three months. Swallowing disorder is associated with malnutrition, dehydration and longer lengths of hospital stay, increasing drug costs. One of the first elements in the care of a stroke patient is screening for dysphagia. The stroke patient needs nutritional therapy when the risk for abnormal nutritional condition is high or if the condition is already present, or when oral nutrition does not safely cover adequate energy, nutrient and fluid intake. The method and means of nutritional therapy, the goals of energy and nutrient intake are determined by the doctor, depending on the severity of the underlying disease, comorbidities and laboratory values.The diet is individual and progressive in each case. The dietitian's task is not only to compile a proper diet, but also to educate the patients and relatives. The dietitian is responsible for monitoring the patient's nutritional status. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(40): 1601-1609.

[Relationship of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and nutritional status - clinical observations]. / Krónikus légzoszervi betegek tápláltsági állapotának vizsgálata ­ klinikai megfigyelések.

Introduction: The increased metabolism of nutrients and the low energy intake may lead to malnutrition among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Aim: The goal of our study was to examine the nutritional status of our population aged over 40, and its relationship with the severity of the disease. Method: We conducted a retrospective study at the National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology in 2017. Pulmonary function and anthropometric data were obtained from the electronic health record system. Inclusion criteria were age over 40 and the diagnosis of COPD. Severity of disease was assessed by forced expiration volume and categorized according to GOLD stages. We used SPSS Statistics V22.0 for data analysis. Results: The mean age of participants was 66; 49.3% were men, 50.7% were women. Average BMI was 27.14 kg/m², with values comprising cachexia and severe obesity. According to the FEV1%pred results of the 3236 patients, 30% fell in the GOLD I, 40% in the GOLD II, 23% in the GOLD III, and 7% in the GOLD IV categories. Pearson coefficient found positive correlation between FEV1 and nutritional status (H = 0.2297, r = 0.1401), specifically between severity of cachexia and severity of disease. The analysis of variance showed significant correlation between severity of disease and nutritional status; patients with higher BMI had better pulmonary function. Conclusion: Malnutrition had an adverse effect on pulmonary functions and performance of respiratory muscles, whereas higher BMI had a positive effect on FEV1. Our results suggest that BMI could be used as a lung function prognostic indicator for COPD patients. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(23): 908-913.

[The role of methylglyoxal metabolism in type-2 diabetes and its complications]. / A metilglioxál metabolizmus szerepe 2-es típusú cukorbetegségben és szövodményeiben.

Transient or chronic hyperglycaemia increases the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and aldehydes. The accumulation of reactive aldehydes is implicated in the development of diabetic complications. Methylglyoxal, a glucose dependent α-dicarbonyl might be the most important reactive aldehyde in diabetes and its complications. Diabetes was the first disease in which evidence emerged for the increased formation of methylglyoxal in the cells and in the serum. Methylglyoxal has a toxic effect on insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells, and on modifications of proteins and nucleic acids. Moreover, methylglyoxal is one of the major precursors of advanced glycation end-products. The glyoxalase enzyme system that exists in all mammalian cells is catalyzing the detoxification of methylglyoxal. This review summarizes the methylglyoxal metabolism in normoglycaemic and hyperglycamic conditions and the role of methylglyoxal in the development of late diabetic microvascular complications.

[Incidence of risk factors in parents with acute myocardial infarction at young age and in their children]. / Kockázati tényezok elofordulása fiatalkori akut myocardialis infarctus miatt kezelt szülokben és utódaikban.

INTRODUCTION: The preliminaries of the cardiovascular diseases can be traced back to the childhood. The authors tried to find relationship between parents with early onset myocardial infarction (AMI) and incidence of risk factors for ischemic heart disease in their children as compared to respective data for families with no incidence of myocardial infarction. METHODS: The study population consisted of 38 persons with early onset AMI myocardial infarction (age < 55 y) and their 66 children, and 38 adult control subjects and their 33 children. In each person arterial blood pressure, body weight, body height, waist circumference were recorded and body mass index (BMI: kg/m2) was calculated. Eating habits and life style practices were recorded in a questionnaire in the case of each participant. Laboratory variables were determined in the blood sera as follows, glucose, triglycerides (Tg), total cholesterol (T-C), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein-A, apolipoprotein-B, and lipoprotein (a). The atherogenic index (LDL-C/HDL-C) (LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol) was also calculated. STATISTICAL EVALUATION: Data were evaluated statistically using the SPSS for Windows 9. RESULTS: According to the mean BMI values all groups of parents belonged to the overweight category. The mean cholesterol levels of all adults were in the borderline high category. In males with early onset myocardial infarction sera concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein-A were significantly lower, whereas triglyceride and atherogenic index were significantly higher than respective data for control parents. In all groups of parents, fasting mean serum glucose concentrations were higher than the reference value, serum total-cholesterol concentrations were in the borderline high category. In the daughter of the parents with early onset myocardial infarction had a higher atherogenic index than that of controls. Eating habits did not essentially differ between case vs. control families. Consumption of milk, dairy products, fruit and vegetables was insufficient in each group. Incidences of smoking for parents and children were 55% and 35% in the myocardial infarction group and 44% and 37% in the control group, respectively. Physical activity was completely insufficient in each group studied. CONCLUSION: Since no considerable differences were seen between the case vs control families in the parameters tested, therefore it is presumed that the offspring born to parents with or without early onset myocardial infarction are at equal risk to develop cardiovascular diseases unless lifestyle practices are profoundly changed.