ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders for upper limbs (UL-WMSDs) form a complex of occupational diseases common to many professions worldwide. UL-WMSDs are manifested in most cases by pain, resulting in musculoskeletal discomfort. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to evaluate the perception of musculoskeletal discomfort in workers from the interior of the Brazilian states of Alagoas and Bahia through the construction of a scale to assess musculoskeletal discomfort for upper limb. METHODS: The discomfort assessment scale was constructed from self-reported pain symptoms by 420 workers from the inner regions of the Brazilian states of Alagoas and Bahia. The reliability and dimensionality of the collected data were analyzed by McDonald's Omega and exploratory factor analysis, respectively. Item Response Theory (IRT) was used to create parameters for the discomfort scale. RESULTS: The musculoskeletal discomfort metric was constructed from the workers' response with six levels (varying from minimum discomfort to maximum discomfort). At the lowest level of the scale, workers indicated symptoms in the shoulders and wrists were rare. At the highest level of the scale, daily pain symptoms are reported in all regions of the upper limbs. The shoulders are the last region to develop extreme pain symptoms. CONCLUSION: The metric was created to present satisfactory psychometric properties and capable measurement of the workers' level of musculoskeletal discomfort based on self-reported pain symptoms. Therefore, the metric can support measuring discomfort, contributing to decisions that improve a healthier occupational environment for the worker.
Subject(s)
Musculoskeletal Diseases , Occupational Diseases , Psychometrics , Upper Extremity , Humans , Brazil , Male , Adult , Upper Extremity/physiopathology , Female , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Psychometrics/methods , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Pain Measurement/methods , Musculoskeletal Pain , Self ReportABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ergonomics can help instructional designers to develop projects compatible with students' needs, capabilities, and limitations. OBJECTIVE: We intend to verify the application of ergonomics in instructional design methods, methodologies, techniques, and recommendations. METHODS: We searched journal articles in the following databases: Compendex, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Based on two inclusion criteria: (1) whether the article presents methods, methodologies, techniques, or recommendations for the instructional design; (2) whether the article addresses issues of ergonomics, we found 17 studies published from 1988 to 2013 in 16 journals. RESULTS: The main ergonomic concept addressed in the reviewed studies was usability, followed by accessibility, and user-centred design. Most articles suggest guidelines for embedding ergonomics in instructional design. CONCLUSIONS: We found that future research could explore topics, such as user experience, design thinking, service design, and organisational ergonomics to improve instructional design practice. The number of studies found in this review demonstrates that scientific research should explore the application of ergonomics in instructional design methods.
Subject(s)
Ergonomics , Teaching , HumansABSTRACT
The cultivation of marine mollusks is an activity of great importance in Brazil, providing employment and income for artisanal fishermen and fishing communities, contributing to local development. However, this type of cultivation is still carried out in a very handmade way with intense use of labor. The objective of this study was to describe the postures and movements of fish farmers during the oyster classification activity. Ten employees of a marine farm participated in the municipality of Florianópolis, SC. For the analysis of the posture and movements, the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method and NIOSH method were used along with in situ observation and interviews with the workers. The task of oysters classification presents an average risk of injury or occupational diseases, especially in the cervical region and upper limbs, as it is developed with marked flexion of the head and shoulders, which requires a lot of the muscles involved to maintain the posture and perform repetitive movements. Many workers have muscle pains in the shoulders, lower back, hands, wrists and fingers. Simple and economically viable adaptations should be adopted, because through ergonomic evaluation it is possible to carry out interventions that are within the reach of the workers. It is necessary to transmit knowledge so that the workers are aware of the postures that they must adopt in the accomplishment of this aquaculture activity and thus to promote a better quality of life of this population. (AU).
O cultivo de moluscos marinhos é uma atividade de grande importância no Brasil proporcionando a geração de emprego e renda para pescadores artesanais e comunidades pesqueiras, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento local. Entretanto, este tipo de cultivo ainda é realizado de forma bastante artesanal com intensa utilização de mão de obra. Diante disso, este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma descrição das posturas e movimentos de maricultores durante a realização da atividade de classificação de ostras. Participaram voluntariamente dez funcionários de uma fazenda marinha no município de Florianópolis, SC. Para análise da postura e movimentos, utilizou-se o método Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) e método NIOSH juntamente com a observação in loco e entrevistas com os maricultores. A tarefa de classificação de ostras apresenta médio risco de lesão ou doenças ocupacionais, principalmente na região cervical e membros superiores, pois é desenvolvida com acentuada flexão de cabeça e ombros, o que exige muito da musculatura envolvida para manter a postura e realizar movimentos repetitivos. Muitos trabalhadores apresentam dores musculares nos ombros, lombar, mãos, punhos e dedos. Adaptações simples e economicamente viáveis devem ser adotadas, pois através da avaliação ergonômica é possível realizar intervenções que estão ao alcance dos trabalhadores. Necessitase transmitir os conhecimentos para que os trabalhadores tenham consciência das posturas que devem adotar na realização desta atividade aquícola e assim promover uma melhor qualidade de vida desta população. (AU).
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at reviewing the literature to identify solutions for problems observed in radiology services. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Basic, qualitative, exploratory literature review at Scopus and SciELO databases, utilizing the Mendeley and Illustrator CC Adobe softwares. RESULTS: In the databases, 565 papers - 120 out of them, pdf free - were identified. Problems observed in the radiology sector are related to procedures scheduling, humanization, lack of training, poor knowledge and use of management techniques, and interaction with users. The design management provides the services with interesting solutions such as Benchmarking, CRM, Lean Approach, ServiceBlueprinting, continued education, among others. CONCLUSION: Literature review is an important tool to identify problems and respective solutions. However, considering the small number of studies approaching management of radiology services, this is a great field of research for the development of deeper studies.
OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho é levantar e identificar, na literatura, soluções no âmbito da gestão para os problemas encontrados na área de radiologia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A pesquisa é um estudo bibliográfico, de natureza básica, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo exploratório. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Scopus e SciELO e os softwares Mendeley e Illustrator CC Adobe. RESULTADOS: Nas bases de dados foram contabilizados, ao todo, 565 documentos, dos quais 120 tinham pdf free. Entre os problemas do setor estão: agendamento de horários, humanização, falta de treinamentos, pouco conhecimento e utilização das técnicas de gestão e interação com o usuário. A gestão de design apresenta soluções interessantes para o serviço, tais como Benchmarking, CRM, Lean Approach, ServiceBlueprinting, educação permanente, entre outras. CONCLUSÃO: Na busca de levantamento de problemas e soluções, a revisão de literatura é uma importante ferramenta, porém, tendo em vista os poucos estudos encontrados no âmbito de gestão na área, é importante realizar estudos mais profundos, o que torna a área um vasto campo a ser estudado.
ABSTRACT
AbstractObjective:The present study was aimed at reviewing the literature to identify solutions for problems observed in radiology services.Materials and Methods:Basic, qualitative, exploratory literature review at Scopus and SciELO databases, utilizing the Mendeley and Illustrator CC Adobe softwares.Results:In the databases, 565 papers – 120 out of them, pdf free – were identified. Problems observed in the radiology sector are related to procedures scheduling, humanization, lack of training, poor knowledge and use of management techniques, and interaction with users. The design management provides the services with interesting solutions such as Benchmarking, CRM, Lean Approach, ServiceBlueprinting, continued education, among others.Conclusion:Literature review is an important tool to identify problems and respective solutions. However, considering the small number of studies approaching management of radiology services, this is a great field of research for the development of deeper studies.
ResumoObjetivo:O objetivo deste trabalho é levantar e identificar, na literatura, soluções no âmbito da gestão para os problemas encontrados na área de radiologia.Materiais e Métodos:A pesquisa é um estudo bibliográfico, de natureza básica, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo exploratório. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Scopus e SciELO e os softwares Mendeley e Illustrator CC Adobe.Resultados:Nas bases de dados foram contabilizados, ao todo, 565 documentos, dos quais 120 tinham pdf free. Entre os problemas do setor estão: agendamento de horários, humanização, falta de treinamentos, pouco conhecimento e utilização das técnicas de gestão e interação com o usuário. A gestão de design apresenta soluções interessantes para o serviço, tais como Benchmarking, CRM, Lean Approach, ServiceBlueprinting, educação permanente, entre outras.Conclusão:Na busca de levantamento de problemas e soluções, a revisão de literatura é uma importante ferramenta, porém, tendo em vista os poucos estudos encontrados no âmbito de gestão na área, é importante realizar estudos mais profundos, o que torna a área um vasto campo a ser estudado.
ABSTRACT
A study in the educators' work station at baby nursery of NDI/UFSC, located in Florianópolis, was conducted using the Work Ergonomic Analysis methodological tool. The demand considered was the educators' physical exhaustion caused by the weight carried when taking care of the babies, the postures assumed during the labor activity and the spatial arrangement of the baby nursery. Thinking ergonomically, the spatial arrangement is directly associated to three factors: the formal aspect of the environment, the esthetic aspect including colors and finish quality and the ease of understanding involved in the baby nursery labor. By the ergonomic adequacy it is possible to assert that if were established better conditions of posture and comfort for the educators, as well as satisfactory technical and operational information to carry out the activities, greater safety and welfare would be provided to the babies, the main focus of the work.
Subject(s)
Back Pain/prevention & control , Ergonomics , Noise, Occupational/prevention & control , Nurseries, Infant , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Posture , Back Pain/etiology , Brazil , Child, Preschool , Esthetics , Humans , Infant , Interior Design and Furnishings , Lifting/adverse effects , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Task Performance and AnalysisABSTRACT
The incidence of workers suffering from occupational injuries has alerted health professionals and entrepreneurs. Enterprises are looking for improvements in production systems by investments in quality, technological innovations and in human resources that are capable and committed to the objectives and targets of the enterprise. This research was developed in a pig slaughter-house in the city of Ipiranga-SC, in the labor of boning shoulder of the pig, because this is the activity that presents more registers of complaints of pain and also probability of development of occupational diseases with cause in the enterprise.Tools of Ergonomics Analysis of Work were used, from interviews with workers to the application of LEST method in the activity analyzed. The necessity of immediate intervention in the work station was shown in the results, because of the high risk of prejudice to the health of the workers. Improvement actions must be done to satisfy the ergonomics requirements of NR 17 standard, attending the enterprise interests in the occupational diseases prevention.
