ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate dry eye disease (DED) symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in a group of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, based on the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. METHODS: An observational study was performed in a group of 1947 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, aged between 45 and 79 years. The personal data collected were age, menopause status, age at menopause, and OSDI score. RESULTS: The mean age of the group was 54.18 ± 6.84 years, with a mean age at menopause of 49.45 ± 4.02 years. The average OSDI score was 29.20 ± 19.4. The overall prevalence of DED symptoms was 79%, increasing significantly in postmenopausal women, 76.4% vs. 80.5% (p = 0.029). In our group, 37.7% had severe DED symptoms. Ocular symptoms, vision-related functions, and environmental trigger scores were higher in postmenopausal women, leading to a lower QoL. The severity of OSDI score increases with age (ß coefficient: 0.15 [95% confidence interval: 0.02; -0.28]), while the severity of OSDI score decreases with a later onset age of menopause (ß coefficient: -0.27 [95% confidence interval: -0.55; -0.01]). CONCLUSIONS: DED symptoms are highly prevalent in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women had a higher prevalence of symptoms and higher OSDI scores than perimenopausal women. The severity of DED symptoms and vision-related functions leads to poorer QoL.
Subject(s)
Dry Eye Syndromes/epidemiology , Perimenopause/psychology , Postmenopause/psychology , Quality of Life , Severity of Illness Index , Aged , Dry Eye Syndromes/psychology , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/chemically induced , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/complications , Trigeminal Neuralgia/etiology , Trigeminal Neuralgia/pathology , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/pathology , Horner Syndrome/etiology , Horner Syndrome/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , SyndromeSubject(s)
Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/chemically induced , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/complications , Horner Syndrome/etiology , Trigeminal Neuralgia/etiology , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/pathology , Female , Horner Syndrome/pathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Middle Aged , Syndrome , Trigeminal Neuralgia/pathologyABSTRACT
Vamos a repasar los fármacos antiarrítmicos y su uso durante el embarazo, veremos para qué patologías los utilizamos y haremos una revisión bibliográfica del tema (AU)
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Female , Humans , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/drug therapy , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Spain , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/classification , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Las intoxicaciones por plantas son poco frecuentes en nuestro medio, pero en ocasiones pueden adquirir gravedad o carácter epidémico cuando, por confusión, varias personas consumen bayas o frutos tóxicos. En esta segunda parte se presentan las plantas cuya ingesta de lugar a manifestaciones cardiovasculares, neurológicas o psiquiátricas. Del primer grupo, caracterizado por la presentación de trastornos del ritmo y de la conducción cardíaca, con riesgo de asistolia y casos mortales observados en España, destacan el acónito, el muguet, el veratro, el tejo, la adelfa y digital. Aunque el tratamiento es sintomático en la mayoría de los casos, en algunos pacientes podría utilizarse un inmunoantídoto (anticuerpos antidigital). De las plantas que originan signos y síntomas neuropsiquiátricos, destacan las que contienen alcaloides anticolinérgicos como la hierba mora, la dulcamara, el beleño negro, el estramonio y la belladona, en las que también puede aplicarse un antídoto específico: la fisostigmina (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Plant Poisoning , Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced , Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced , Behavior , Plants, Toxic/classification , Plant Poisoning/therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Nervous System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Las intoxicaciones por plantas son poco frecuentes en nuestro medio, pero en ocasiones pueden adquirir gravedad o carácter epidémico cuando, por confusión, varias personas consumen bayas o frutos tóxicos.En esta primera parte se presentan las plantas cuya ingesta da lugar a síntomas gastrointestinales o a afectación hepática o renal. Del primer grupo, caracterizado por la presentación de náuseas, vómitos y diarreas, destacan el aro, la nueza, la difenbaquia, la flor de Pascua, la hiedra, el acebo, la lantana y el ricino. Las hepatotóxicas y/o nefrotóxicas pueden llegar a ser mortales, como la acedera, o producir graves lesiones como la hierba de Santiago o el cardo ajonjero. Ninguna de ellas tiene antídoto y las medidas terapéuticas tratan de limitar la absorción y de mejorar los signos y síntomas del paciente (AU)
Subject(s)
Plant Poisoning/classification , Plant Poisoning/diagnosis , Plant Poisoning/therapy , Kidney Diseases/etiology , Liver Diseases/etiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
A new CTX-M-type beta-lactamase (CTX-M-9) has been cloned from a clinical cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli strain. Despite the close identity that exists between the CTX-M-9 and Toho-2 beta-lactamases (88%), the 35 amino acids located between residues Ala-185 and Ala-219 are totally different in both enzymes. Outside of this region there are only six amino acids substitutions between both proteins.
Subject(s)
Escherichia coli Proteins , Escherichia coli/genetics , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Cefotaxime/metabolism , Cefotaxime/pharmacology , Cephalosporins/metabolism , Cephalosporins/pharmacology , Cloning, Molecular , Escherichia coli/enzymology , Hydrolysis , Molecular Sequence Data , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Spain , beta-Lactamases/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of TEM- and SHV-type extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli in a 700-bed teaching hospital between 1994 and 1996. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Strains that presented reduced diameters to third-generation cephalosporins, as identified by disc diffusion techniques, were studied. The betalactamases involved were characterized by determination of the isoelectric point, hydrolysis profile, gene detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequencing of the amplified products. RESULTS: 96 strains (1.4%) out of 7,054 strains of E. coli isolated between 1994 and 1996 showed decreased susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins and only 4 strains (0.06%) produced ESBLs. Two strains produced SHV-2 and two produced TEM-12. CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of ESBL production to resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was low: 0.06% of all the E. coli strains isolated between 1994 and 1996.
