[Where intestinal epithelial stem cells are localized? About molecular markers].

Using stem cells as an example the review considers a new history and methodology of search for stem cells (SC), found in tissues of adult Homo sapiens and Drosophila melanogaster organisms. These studies of SC resulted in several original hypotheses explaining their unusual features. Impressive progress recently achieved in this direction (2008-2010) is associated with employment of new methods of somatic recombination for long-term registration of various strains of differentiated cells, early and distant SC progeny. 1) Although anatomic localization of intestinal epithelium cells lacking marked morphological and biochemical differentiation markers (the lower third of intestinal and colon crypts) is known for about 40 years results of their experimental identification, isolation and detection of their functional characteristics still represent the subject for discussions. Particularly, it remains unclear, which SC are involved in crypt regeneration: the same as those involved into homeostatic renewal or their various subpopulations or early SC progenies acquired stem features by reprogramming? 2) In addition, most detected biochemical markers of potential SC are common for SC from other tissues of embryonic and mature organisms so it is possible to apply method developed for intestinal epithelium for their isolation. 3) Data on induction of intestinal epithelium polyps and neoplasias by mutations in genes encoding SC markers and identification of biochemical characteristics of potential SC in these tumors support the hypothesis of stem tumor cell origination from normal SC or their earliest progeny. In general, facts considered in this review may be useful for both development of optimal methods for the use of SC in cell therapy (as the source of humoral factors), regenerative medicine (as the source of differentiated cells for restoration of injured tissue), and also for targeted search of antitumor drugs (SC as the target) and preparations modifying genetic and epigenetic reactions of SC to genotoxic and stress treatments.

[Survival/death modifiers of intestine epithelium stem cells and thanatological mechanisms].

Till now the thanatological mechanisms that regulated the proliferation and the clearance of the stem cells (SC) in fast renewal systems of organism--intestinal epithelium remain insufficiently investigated as in haematopoietic system too. The relevance of such researches is supported by an essential role of these mechanisms in pathogenesis of widely widespread inflammatory and hyperproliferative diseases. In particular inhibition/disregulation of elimination for the "undesirable", mutant cells leaving from under immune and own control is one of the reasons for neoplastic cell expansion. In this review were summarized data about some mechanisms determining SC-destruction in animals treated by ionizing radiation or antineoplastic preparations, and also treated by modifiers of SC-radiosensitivity.

[The influence of some retarding agents NOS of dihydrothiazine-thiazoline rank on postradiational of recovery endogenous CFU-S-8 of mice].

In this work the attempt to estimate a nitric oxide (NO*) role in regulation of the number of pool haemopoietic stem cells at the irradiated mice was made. With this purpose the number of new compounds from dihydrothiazine-thiazoline line was synthesized, their NO-inhibiting activity was investigated in vivo by the method of ESR-spectroscopy of spin trap and their influence on an output endogenous spleen colonies (CFU-S-8) after the total sublethal y-irradiation of mice in a doze of 6 Gy was also investigated. Was shown, that the tested compounds reduced the contents of NO* in a liver tissue of mice which have received an injection of nitric oxide synthesis inductor - lipopolysaccharide, and also increased an output CFU-S-8 forming endogenous colonies in the spleen of the irradiated mice. Received data testify to perceptivity of search radioprotective agents among NO* synthesis inhibitors.

[NO-inhibiting activity of radioprotectors]. / NO-ingibiruiushchaia aktivnost' radioprotektorov.

The effect of radioprotectors of different structure on the syntheses of nitric oxide induced by endotoxin in mice was studied. Using ESR-spectroscopy and spin trap techniques, it was shown that compounds of different chemical structure, such as aminothiols, isothiuronium derivatives, thiazolines, indolylalkylamines and others, suppressed the nitric oxide production in a whole body. The analysis of the relevant literature has confirmed the phenomenon described by the authors: radioprotectors show NO-inhibiting activity.

[Evaluation of cell membrane permeability for Ca2+ and adenylate cyclase in sheep peripheral blood cells, exposed to low doses of radiation]. / Otsenka pronitsaemosti plazmaticheskoi membrany dlia Ca2+ i aktivnosti adenilattsiklazy v kletkakh perifericheskoi krovi ovets, obluchennykh v malykh dozakh.

Chronic irradiation of sheep with doses of 2.6 and 12.9 mC.kg was characterized by the modification of the adenylatecyclase activity and Ca2+ permeability of plasma membrane in cells of the peripheric blood, with no changes in the clinical and hematological indicators. The observed effects are assumed to result from structural and dynamic variations in the lipids of membranes.

[Experimental assessment of the cardiovascular system functional state in rats after chronic gamma-irradiation in various absorbed doses]. / Eksperimental'naia otsenka funktsional'nogo sostoianiia serdechno-sosudistoi sistemy u krys posle khronicheskogo gamma-oblucheniia v raznykh pogloshchennykh dozakh.

Prolonged anthenatal gamma-irradiation of rats with total doses of 1.25; 1.9 and 2.5 Gy resulted in discoordination of cardiovascular system function. This study confirm our previous data on negative effect of chronic gamma-irradiation on forming and development of the functional systems in the anthenatally irradiated organism.

[Pharmacological and radioprotective properties of some gamma-pyrone derivatives (flavanones and flavanols)]. / Farmakologicheskie i radiozashchitnye svoistva nekotorykh proizvodnykh gamma-pirona (flavanony i flavanoly)

In experiments set up on mice, rats and guinea pigs 8 gamma-pyron derivatives were studied. They proved to be little toxic, do not change significantly the arterial pressure and respiration, exercise a depressing action on the central nervous system, produce a marked antiphlogistic (normal and irradiated animals), radio-protective and antihistaminic effects and influence norephinephrine, homovanillic acid and dopamine metabolism in the brain.