Pericardial complications and postcardiac injury syndrome after cardiovascular implantable electronic device placement : A meta-analysis and systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Postcardiac injury syndrome (PCIS) is an emerging condition including pericarditis with or without pericardial effusion after an injury to cardiac tissue. Data are lacking on its incidence and clinical predictors after cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) placement. We therefore performed this meta-analysis to determine the incidence of PCIS. METHODS: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched according to PRISMA guidelines from February 2007 to February 2017 for studies evaluating pericardial complications subsequent to CIED implantation. Primary outcome was the total number of cases of pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade documented. RESULTS: Of 2931 references, 22 articles (enrolling 188,944 patients) were included. Pooled estimates from random-effects analysis showed an overall incidence of 5.82 per 1000 patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.33-8.17) at 30 days, and 1.60 per 1000 (95% CI: 0.13-3.07) at 1 year. Advanced age and prior coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were associated with increased rates of pericardial complications. CONCLUSION: Our analysis revealed that CIED implantations are associated with a low incidence (0.6%) of pericardial complications at 30 days. Patients with advanced age and prior CABG are high-risk patients for pericardial complications.

Children with autism spectrum disorders show abnormal conditioned response timing on delay, but not trace, eyeblink conditioning.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and age-matched typically-developing (TD) peers were tested on two forms of eyeblink conditioning (EBC), a Pavlovian associative learning paradigm where subjects learn to execute an appropriately-timed eyeblink in response to a previously neutral conditioning stimulus (CS). One version of the task, trace EBC, interposes a stimulus-free interval between the presentation of the CS and the unconditioned stimulus (US), a puff of air to the eye which causes the subjects to blink. In delay EBC, the CS overlaps in time with the delivery of the US, usually with both stimuli terminating simultaneously. ASD children performed normally during trace EBC, exhibiting no differences from TD subjects with regard to the learning rate or the timing of the conditioned response. However, when subsequently tested on delay EBC, subjects with ASD displayed abnormally-timed conditioned eye blinks that began earlier and peaked sooner than those of TD subjects, consistent with previous findings. The results suggest an impaired ability of children with ASD to properly time conditioned eye blinks which appears to be specific to delay EBC. We suggest that this deficit may reflect a dysfunction of the cerebellar cortex in which increases in the intensity or duration of sensory input can temporarily disrupt the accuracy of motor timing over short temporal intervals.

Formulation and evaluation of controlled release dental implants of povidone iodine for periodontitis.

Diseases of the periodontium continue to be one of the man's most wide spread afflictions. Periodontitis is one of such which is characterised by a periodontal pocket formed due to the inflammatory disease of gingiva and the deeper periodontal tissues. Local controlled release implants of povidone iodine was prepared using various polymers and stability, release characteristics, total drug content etc, were evaluated. The clinical studies of the dental implants were carried out on 10 patients.