Odontogenic myxoma of the mandible: An update on pathogenesis and differential diagnosis.

Odontogenic myxomas (OMs) represent asymptomatic, slowly expanding gnathic lesions with aggressive biological behaviour. Though the spectrum of OMs remains classical with multilocular radiolucency and presentation of stellate-shaped cells embedded in a mucoid stroma, they may mimic many other lesions radiographically or histopathologically. We hereby discuss a case of OM in a 28-year-old woman with special emphasis on pathogenesis and differential diagnosis.

Reliability of cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics in hypertension and diabetes. A comparative study.

Background: Both dermatoglyphic and cheiloscopic patterns are genetically determined. These patterns are known to be associated with type II diabetes or diabetes mellitus and hypertension which are also considered to have genetic influence due to their familial occurrence. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare reliability of both cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics with hypertension and type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted on 300 study participants. Both cheiloscopic and dermatoglyphic patterns were recorded using validated techniques. Obtained patterns were analyzed and assessed for statistical analysis using the SPSS version 21.0 statistical software. The Chi-square test was used for analyzing the obtained data. Results: In the present study, no statistical correlation was obtained between either dermatoglyphic or cheiloscopic patterns and type II diabetes or hypertension. Conclusion: The present study showed that cheiloscopy or dermatoglyphics cannot be used as a predictive tool for assessing a subject's risk of developing type II diabetes or hypertension. These are contradictory findings, thus emphasizing more research in this area so that these noninvasive techniques can be used as predictive tools for developing essential hypertension or type II diabetes.

Résumé Contexte: Les modèles dermatoglyphiques et cheiloscopiques sont génétiquement déterminés. Ces modèles sont connus pour être associés au diabète de type II ou au diabète sucré et à l'hypertension qui sont également considérés comme ayant une influence génétique en raison de leur occurrence familiale.Par conséquent, le but de cette étude était de comparer la fiabilité de la cheiloscopie et des dermatoglyphes avec l'hypertension et le diabète de type II. Matériaux et méthodes: Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective menée auprès de 300 participants à l'étude.Les modèles cheiloscopiques et dermatoglyphiques ont été enregistrés utilisant des techniques validées.Les modèles obtenus ont été analysés et évalués pour analyse statistique à l'aide du logiciel statistique SPSS version 21.0.Le test Chi-square a été utilisé pour analyser les données obtenues. Résultats: Dans la présente étude, aucune corrélation statistique n'a été obtenue entre les modèles dermatoglyphiques ou cheiloscopiques et le diabète ou l'hypertension de type II. Conclusion: La présente étude a montré que la chéiloscopie ou les dermatoglyphes ne peuvent pas être utilisés comme outil prédictif pour évaluer le risque de développer le diabète ou l'hypertension de type II d'un sujet.Ce sont des résultats contradictoires, mettant ainsi l'accent sur plus de recherche dans ce domaine afin que ces techniques non invasives puissent être utilisées comme outils prédictifs pour développer l'hypertension essentielle ou le diabète de type II. Mots clés: Dermatoglyphes, hypertension, empreintes de lèvres, diabète de type II.

Mucoadhesive silver nanoparticle-based local drug delivery system for peri-implantitis management in COVID-19 era. Part 1: antimicrobial and safety in-vitro analysis.

BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major respiratory pathogen, has been isolated from peri-implant sites and is associated with dental implant failure. This in-vitro study (part 1) aimed to fabricate a novel mucoadhesive silver nanoparticle-based local drug delivery chip, evaluate its antimicrobial efficacy against P. aeruginosa, and its safety for the treatment of peri-implantitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The local drug delivery chip was fabricated using gelatin, glycerol, silver nanoparticle solution (2.5 µg/ml, 5 µg/ml, 7.5 µg/ml, and 10 µg/ml), glutaraldehyde, and sodium alginate solution. These chips were evaluated for physical parameters, effect on viability of murine macrophage cell line J774A.1, and antimicrobial activity (using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method with 18 h incubation period) against P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. RESULTS: Silver nanoparticle antimicrobial chip exhibited dimensions of 4 mm × 5 mm x 0.4 mm, 5.8 mg weight, pH 5-6, folding endurance 1.04, and one-year stability. P. aeruginosa was susceptible to ≥ 7.5 µg/ml concentration of silver nanoparticles (spherical shape with particle size ranging from 10 to 100 nm). Murine macrophage cells exhibited 93% viability after 24 h incubation with silver nanoparticle chips. CONCLUSION: The novel silver nanoparticle chip showed dimensional stability, minimal effect on murine macrophage cell viability, and significant antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa. With the further establishment of its effective dosage and safety, this chip could be used as an adjunct to mechanical debridement (as a non-aerosol generating procedure) in treating peri-implantitis, especially during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Does periodontal disease elevate the risk of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment?

Data sources The electronic databases Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Data, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, from inception to September 2020, were searched to identify the eligible studies measuring the association between periodontal disease and Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment.Study selection Cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies, without any language restrictions, were selected by two reviewers independently.Data extraction and synthesis Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two reviewers independently. Data was synthesised quantitatively with meta-analyses using a random or fixed-effects model, with P <0.1 considered statistically significant. Quality assessment of cohort and case-control studies was carried out using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) and quality assessment of cross-sectional studies was undertaken using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) tool. Heterogeneity of included studies was assessed with I2.Results Thirteen studies, including five cross-sectional studies, five case-control studies, two retrospective cohort studies and one prospective cohort study were found to be eligible. Meta-analyses showed elevated risk for Alzheimer's disease (odds ratio = 1.78; random-effects model; significant heterogeneity) and mild cognitive impairment (odds ratio = 1.60; fixed-effects model; low heterogeneity) in patients with periodontal disease. One case-control study and all cohort studies had high quality, while four case-control studies had medium quality, as evaluated by the NOS. Among the cross-sectional studies evaluated by the AHRQ tool, only one had high quality, whereas other studies had medium quality.Conclusions Within the limitations of the included studies, the authors concluded that periodontal disease is related to an elevated risk of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.

Evaluation of surface changes of stainless steel miniplates and screws following retrieval from maxillofacial trauma and orthognathic surgery patients: A comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Metal implants have the potential to degrade body fluids. Corrosive degradation has been demonstrated in laboratory tests, both under simulated clinical conditions and by electrochemical methods, as well as in studies of retrieved metal implants. The clinical importance of degradation of metal implants is evidenced by particulate corrosion and wear products in tissue surrounding the implant, which may ultimately lead to bone loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is to evaluate the surface changes such as corrosion, surface roughness, and microfractures and for the tensile strength of 18 stainless steel miniplates and 18 stainless steel screws which were used as rigid internal fixation in the management of maxillofacial fractures and orthognathic surgeries. RESULTS: In this study, surface roughness and microfractures were found in all the miniplates and screws that is 100%. Corrosion degradation was found in 12 of 18 plates that is 66.66%. CONCLUSION: Our results through scanning electron microscopy and stereo electron microscopy showed surface roughness, microfractures, and corrosion. However, tensile strength was not affected when the plates were in situ. Through our study, we recommend their retrieval after the purposes of rigid fixation have been fulfilled.

Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia versus tumor associated blood eosinophilia: A ratio of diagnostic importance in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: Eosinophils are multifunctional granulocytes, which play a pivotal role in health and disease. Tumor Associated Tissue Eosinophilia (TATE) has long been evaluated in the diagnosis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). However, their association with Tumor Associated Blood Eosinophilia (TABE) in OSCCs is still far fetched. We, therefore, attempted to evaluate their individual roles and to achieve a ratio between TATE and TABE in order to signify its usage in objectifying the diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TATE was evaluated using H and E stain per 10 high power fields in 33 previously diagnosed cases of OSCC which were retrieved from department archives. TABE values were achieved from complete blood hemogram reports of patients. TATE/TABE ratio was calculated. All the parameters were clinicopathologically correlated and statistically evaluated using SPSS. RESULTS: TATE represented higher values in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC) and was least in moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (MDSCC), whereas TABE linearly increased from WDSCC to PDSCC. TNM Stage II cases revealed the highest TATE and lowest TABE. TATE/TABE ratio was the highest in WDSCC. CONCLUSION: Due to the dual nature of eosinophils in early and late carcinogenesis events, evaluation of only TATE might not be conclusive in determining tumor grade. Hence, in a first of its kind attempt, the TATE/TABE ratio may be suitable to achieve a criterion for the determination of tumor grade and may also help to unfold the underlying biologic events.