[Physiotherapy challenges in the management of breast cancer]. / Place de la physiothérapie lors de cancer du sein.

Breast cancer claims fewer lives in Switzerland, but it profoundly impacts the quality of life, with various treatments carrying significant side effects. Cancer treatments include physiotherapy as soon as possible. Physiotherapist, movement expert, using physical activity, enhances survival rates, reduces treatment-related side effects, and improves quality of life. After surgery, it addresses pain, functional limitations, and lymphatic issues. In the long term, it not only reduces the risk of recurrence of cancer but also enhances post-treatment quality of life and aids in the reintegration with one's "new" body. It empowers patients to actively engage in their treatment, illness, and recovery.

Le cancer du sein en Suisse est fréquent et, si la survie s'améliore, les différents traitements ont des effets secondaires non négligeables et la qualité de vie est altérée. La physiothérapie s'intègre au sein des différents traitements du cancer, dès le diagnostic. Le physiothérapeute, expert du mouvement, utilise notamment l'activité physique qui permet d'accroître la survie, diminue les effets secondaires des traitements et améliore la qualité de vie. Après la chirurgie, la physiothérapie s'adresse aux douleurs, aux limitations fonctionnelles et aux dysfonctions lymphatiques. À long terme, cette prise en charge permet, outre de diminuer le risque de récidive, d'améliorer la qualité de vie après les traitements, et de réintégrer son « nouveau ¼ corps. Elle est une arme permettant à la patiente de devenir actrice de son traitement, de sa maladie et de sa guérison.

SIRPα-specific monoclonal antibody enables antibody-dependent phagocytosis of neuroblastoma cells.

Immunotherapy with anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provides some benefits for patients with neuroblastoma (NB). However, the therapeutic efficacy remains limited, and treatment is associated with significant neuropathic pain. Targeting O-acetylated GD2 (OAcGD2) by 8B6 mAb has been proposed to avoid pain by more selective tumor cell targeting. Thorough understanding of its mode of action is necessary to optimize this treatment strategy. Here, we found that 8B6-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) performed by macrophages is a key effector mechanism. But efficacy is limited by upregulation of CD47 expression on neuroblastoma cells in response to OAcGD2 mAb targeting, inhibiting 8B6-mediated ADCP. Antibody specific for the CD47 receptor SIRPα on macrophages restored 8B6-induced ADCP of CD47-expressing NB cells and improved the antitumor activity of 8B6 mAb therapy. These results identify ADCP as a critical mechanism for tumor cytolysis by anti-disialoganglioside mAb and support a combination with SIRPα blocking agents for effective neuroblastoma therapy.

Impairing temozolomide resistance driven by glioma stem-like cells with adjuvant immunotherapy targeting O-acetyl GD2 ganglioside.

Stem cell chemoresistance remains challenging the efficacy of the front-line temozolomide against glioblastoma. Novel therapies are urgently needed to fight those cells in order to control tumor relapse. Here, we report that anti-O-acetyl-GD2 adjuvant immunotherapy controls glioma stem-like cell-driven chemoresistance. Using patient-derived glioblastoma cells, we found that glioma stem-like cells overexpressed O-acetyl-GD2. As a result, monoclonal antibody 8B6 immunotherapy significantly increased temozolomide genotoxicity and tumor cell death in vitro by enhancing temozolomide tumor uptake. Furthermore, the combination therapy decreased the expression of the glioma stem-like cell markers CD133 and Nestin and compromised glioma stem-like cell self-renewal capabilities. When tested in vivo, adjuvant 8B6 immunotherapy prevented the extension of the temozolomide-resistant glioma stem-like cell pool within the tumor bulk in vivo and was more effective than the single agent therapies. This is the first report demonstrating that anti-O-acetyl-GD2 monoclonal antibody 8B6 targets glioblastoma in a manner that control temozolomide-resistance driven by glioma stem-like cells. Together our results offer a proof of concept for using anti-O-acetyl GD2 reagents in glioblastoma to develop more efficient combination therapies for malignant gliomas.

Assessment of public perception and environmental compliance at a pulp and paper facility: a Canadian case study.

Communities across Canada rely heavily on natural resources for their livelihoods. One such community in Pictou County, Nova Scotia, has both benefited and suffered, because of its proximity to a pulp and paper mill (currently owned by Northern Pulp). Since production began in 1967, there have been increasing impacts to the local environment and human health. Environmental reports funded by the mill were reviewed and compared against provincial and federal regulatory compliance standards. Reports contrasted starkly to societal perceptions of local impacts and independent studies. Most environmental monitoring reports funded by the mill indicate some levels of compliance in atmospheric and effluent emissions, but when compliance targets were not met, there was a lack of regulatory enforcement. After decades of local pollution impacts and lack of environmental compliance, corporate social responsibility initiatives need implementing for the mill to maintain its social licence to operate.