ABSTRACT
Satisfactory penetration of lincomycin sulfate through the hematoencephalic barrier was shown in experimental meningococcic meningitis of rabbits and in treatment of patients with meningococcic meningitis. Constant high levels of the antibiotic in the cerebrospinal fluid, meninx vasculosa, penetration into the brain tissues may be achieved after intramuscular injection of the drug in a dose of 500 mg every 8 hours. The study showed therapeutic efficacy of kanamycin in the treatment of the patients with meningococcic meningitis. It may be recommended for the clinical use as a reserve antibiotic. As an independent etiotropic agent kanamycin may be used in sensitivity to benzylpenicillin or its inefficiency in treatment of the meningococcic infection. Kanamycin may be used in combination with benzylpenicillin in severe forms of meningitis, meningoencephalitis or purulent meningitis of an unknown etiology.
Subject(s)
Kanamycin/therapeutic use , Meningitis, Meningococcal/drug therapy , Animals , Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects , Drug Evaluation , Humans , Kanamycin/administration & dosage , Kanamycin/metabolism , Kinetics , Meningitis, Meningococcal/metabolism , Rabbits , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Satisfactory permeability of rifampicin through the hematoencephalic barrier was shown in experimental rabbit meningococcal meningitis and in treatment of patients with meningococcal meningitis. The antibiotic level and retention time in the liquor depended on the drug dose and acidity of gastric juice. The dose of 10 mg/kg bw administered at 8--10-hour intervals was the most optimal. The high therapeutic efficacy of rifampicin in treatment of patients with the generalized forms of meningococcal meningitis enables its recommendation for the use as a reserve drug. Rifampicin may be used alone when penicillin is intolerable or ineffective. It also may be used for additional treatment of the patients after penicillin therapy. Rifampicin in combination with penicillin may be used in treatment of purulent meningitis and meningoencephalitis of a dubious etiology.
Subject(s)
Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects , Meningococcal Infections/drug therapy , Rifampin/metabolism , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Evaluation , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Humans , Kinetics , Meningitis, Meningococcal/drug therapy , Rabbits , Rifampin/therapeutic use , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Higher benzylpenicillin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and soft brain membranes were determined in experiments on a model of meningococcal meningitis of rabbits and in clinics in patients with meningococcal meningits subjected to combined treatment with massive doses of the antibiotic and the therapeutic doses of euphylline or caffeine. Benzylpenicillin excretion with urine and the antibiotic blood levels did not significantly change under the action of the diuretics. The phenomenon must be due to the vasolidative effect of the drugs of the purine group, improved blood supply of the soft brain membranes and increased permeability of the hemato-encephalic barrier for benzylpenicillin.
Subject(s)
Aminophylline/administration & dosage , Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects , Caffeine/administration & dosage , Meningitis, Meningococcal/drug therapy , Penicillin G/administration & dosage , Animals , Biopharmaceutics , Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , Kinetics , Penicillin G/metabolism , Rabbits , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Pharmacokinetics of sodium benzylpenicillin after intramuscular administration in a dose of 250 000 gamma/kg and simultaneous intramuscular injection of furosemid (lazix) in doses of 0.5--1--2 mg/kg was studied in experiments on a model of meningococcal meningitis of rabbits and in clinics on patients with meningococcal meningitis. A pronounced effect of furosemid on pharmacokinetics of benzylpenicillin as dependent on a number of factors was found. Furosemid and meningococcal endotoxin had a synergic effect and decreased benzylpenicillin excretion with urine resulting in prolongation of the antibiotic effect in the blood. An increase in benzylpenicillin blood levels and inflammation of the soft brain membranes increased permeability of the hemato-encephalic barrier for the antibiotic.
