[The effect of the structural components of Staphylococcus aureus on the interaction of T- and B-lymphocytes]. / Vliianie strukturnykh komponentov Staphylococcus aureus na vzaimodeistvie T- i B-limfotsitov.

The results of studies on the influence of staphylococcal peptidoglycan and cell walls on the cooperative interaction of T- and B-lymphocytes in the process of immune response to thymus-dependent antigen are presented. Peptidoglycan has been found to produce, depending on its dose, a suppressive and stimulating effect on the interaction of T- and B-cells. Cell walls exhibit only stimulating action under the same experimental conditions. The suppressive action of peptidoglycan is mediated by T-lymphocytes.

[An analysis of the molecular forms of the lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens IMV K-1025]. / Analiz molekuliarnykh form lipopolisakharida Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens IMV K-1025.

Water extract and salt-EDTA extract of Pseudomonas syringae, pv. atrofaciens cells were fractionated by ultracentrifugation with following salting out of ultracentrifugal supernatant by ammonium sulphate at 55% saturation (pH 4.5). The composition and distribution of LPS molecular forms were studied in the obtained fractions by means of electrophoresis in 10% polyacrylamide gel with 1% sodium dodecylsulphate when staining gels by silver nitrate and cumassi. It is shown that ultracentrifugal supernatant and a sediment as well as sulphate sediment contain S-LPS and R-LPS. SR-LPS is not differentiated. Sulphate supernatant does not contain the determinable amount of S-LPS but it is enriched by the proteins with molecular weights of 65-15 kDalton. S-LPS is localized in the gel area which corresponds to mobilities of polypeptides with molecular weights 130-45 KDalton and the number of monomeric links in O-specific chains of its molecules reaches 25-30. R-LPS migrates under electrophoresis in gel to the mobility zone of polypeptides with molecular weights 14.5-16 kDalton.

[Staphylococcal adherence to rabbit epithelial cells]. / Prikreplenie stafilokokka k épitelial'nym kletkam krolika.

The adherence of Staphylococcus aureus strains to rabbit epithelial cells has been studied. The strains have been shown to possess similar adhesiveness with respect to the epithelium of the mouth cavity of rabbits. The investigation, carried out with the use of one staphylococcal strain taken as a model, has revealed that the cells of this strain adhere to different areas of the epithelium in the mouth cavity in varying amounts, the amount of adhering bacteria depending on the age of rabbits. The data presented in this work suggest that in staphylococci adhering to rabbit epithelial cells the adhesive function is performed by thermostable and trypsin-resistant staphylococcal cell-wall surface structures of nonprotein nature.

[Dynamics of the formation of staphylococcal antigen-specific lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs of mice after subcutaneous and intravenous immunization]. / Dinamika formirovaniia spetsificheskikh k antigenam stafilokokka limfotsitov v limfoidnykh organakh myshei posle podkozhnoi i vnutrivennoi immunizatsii.

The immunization of mice with heat-killed staphylococci made in a single subcutaneous injection does not induce any perceptible changes in the number of antigen-binding cells (ABC), specific to staphylococci, in the lymphoid organs and any increase in the titer of serum antibodies. As the result of immunization in a single intravenous injection, the number of ABC in the spleen rapidly increases, reaching its maximum in 4 days after immunization, and then gradually decreases, reaching the control level in 2 weeks. The occurrence of ABC in the marrow drops sharply during the first 2-4 days after immunization, then starts to rise slowly, reaching the initial level in 3-4 weeks. The single intravenous injection of staphylococci induces a rapid increase in the titer of antistaphylococcal serum IgM.

[Activation of DNA synthesis in lymphocytes of guinea pigs induced by Staphylococcus antigens]. / Aktivatsiia sinteza DNK v limfotsitakh morskikh svinok pod vliianiem antigenov stafilokokka.

The proliferative activity of lymphocytes in the spleen and the thymus of intact guinea pigs in response to protein A isolated from Staphylococcus aureus, strain Cowan-1, and the corpuscular antigens of Staphylococcus aureus, strains Cowan-1 and Wood-46, has been studied. All Staphylococcus aureus antigens have been shown to have mitogenic activity in respect of splenic cells and to exert no influence on the synthesis of DNA in thymic lymphocytes. The mitogenic effect of protein A on splenic lymphocytes depends on the content of immunoglobulins in the serum used as culture medium. The stimulating action of Staphylococcus aureus, strain Cowan-1, on splenic lymphocytes is more pronounced than that of strain Wood-46; this fact is mainly due to the presence of protein A in the cell wall of the former strain. The antigens used in this study are probably polyclonal mitogens for the splenic lymphocytes of intact guinea pigs. This fact is indirectly confirmed by the results of experiments on incorporation of 3H-thymidine into splenic lymphocytes during their cultivation together with some T and B-mitogens.

[Effect of staphylococcal substance on the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal exudate cells]. / Vliianie substantsii stafilokokka na fagotsitarnuiu aktivnost' kletok peritoneal'nogo ékssudata myshei.

The cell walls, peptidoglycan and whole cells of St. aureus inhibit the phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells in the culture of mouse peritoneal macrophages. The intraperitoneal injection of cell-wall components (peptidoglycan, teichoic acids) and whole staphylococcal cells stimulates phagocytosis at different periods after immunization, then follows suppression. Teichoic acids seem to act as agents suppressing phagocytic activity during 24 hours after immunization.

[Dynamics and factors regulating the humoral immune response to Staphylococcus]. / Dinamika i faktory reguliatsii gumoral'nogo immunnogo otveta na stafilokokk.

After repeated immunization of CBA mice with corpuscular staphylococcal antigen the titer of serum antibodies to staphylococci was the same as after single immunization, irrespective of the duration of the interval between injections. The increase of the interval between injections contributed to an increase in the titer of antibodies resistant to 2-mercaptoethanol. Mouse serum obtained 6 days after immunization suppressed humoral immune response to staphylococci. When injected intravenously into syngeneic mice, splenocytes taken from immune mice 3, 6 and 10 days after their immunization with staphylococcal antigen enhanced humoral immune response to staphylococci.

[Palatine tonsils and immunity. VIII. Soluble factors produced by lymphocytes of the palatine tonsils and other lymphoid formations in rabbits]. / Nebnye mindaliny i immunitet. Soobshchenie VIII. Rastvorimye faktory, produtsiruemye limfotsitami nebnykh mindalin i drugikh limfoidnykh obrazovanii krolikov

A comparison was made of the activity of solbule factors produced by thelymphocytes of the palatine tonsils, the appendix, the spleen and thelymph nodes of rabbits in stimulation with a specific antigen (complete antigen of streptococcus, group A) and PHA. The blastogenic factor produced by the lymphoid cells of the spleen and the lymph nodes was highly active. Lymphocytes of the palatine tonsils and of the appendix produced a factor withlow activity after PHA stimulation. A factor intensifying the transformation in the presence of a complete streptococcus antigen was produced by lymphocytes of the spleen and the lymph nodes of the immunized animals. The lymphocytes of the palatine tonsils and the appendix failed to produce this factor.

[The palatine tonsils and immunity. Report VII. Soluble factors produced by the lymphocytes of the palatine tonsils in vitro]. / Nebnye mindaliny i immunitet. Soobshchenie VII. Rastvorimye faktory, produtsiruemye limfotsitami nebnykh mindalin in vitro

A study was made of the production of a blastogenic factor and lymphotoxin in the cultures of lymphocytes of the palatine tonsils removed from patients with chronic tonsillitis; the activity of this blastogenic factor and lymphotoxin was studied in the test-cultures of autologous and allogenic lymphocytes and the transplantable HeLa cells. The antigens of the pathogenic streptococcus and staphylococcus induced production of the blastogenic factor and lymphotoxin; as to the antigens of saprophytic bacteria-they produced no such action. The antigen-specific blastogenic factor intensified the immune response to the homologous antigen, whereas the factor obtained in stimulation of lymphocytes with PHA-to all the microbial antigens under study.

[Palatine tonsils and immunity. VI. Effect of thymosin and palatine tonsil extract on the immunologic reactivity of neonatally thymectomized and intact mice]. / Nebnye mindaliny i immunitet. Soobshchenie VI. Vliianie timozina i ékstrakta nebnykh mindalin na immunologicheskuiu reaktivnost' neonatal'no timektomirovannykh i intaktnykh myshei

Experiments were conducted on Wistar rats, intact and neonatally thymectomized CBA mice; a study was made of the immunological activity of the extracts of the thymus and the palatine tonsils of calves obtained by the method of Goldstein et al (1966). The extract of the palatine tonsils obtained proved to contain a small amount of thymosin at whose expense an insignificant restoration of immunological reactivity occurs in its administration neonatally to thymectomized mice.

[Palatine tonsils and immunity. IV. Lymphocyte blast transformation in various lymphoid organs of animals immunized with microbial antigens]. / Nebnye mindaliny i immunitet. Soobshchenie IV. Blasttransformatsiia limfotsitov razlichnykh limfoidnykh organov zhivotnykh, immunizirovannykh mikrobnymi antigenami

For the purpose of ascertaining the peculiarities of cellular differentiation of lymphoid cells of the palatine tonsils experiments were conducted on rabbits immunized intravenously and subcutaneously with streptococcus and paratyphoid B antigens; a study was made (in the blast-transformation reaction) of a comparative response of the lymphocytes of the palatine tonsils, the thymus, the spleen, the appendix and the regional lymph node. In case of stimulation with the specific microbial antigens and PHA the proliferative response was greater in the culture of the splenic lymphocytes and the regional lymph node than in the culture of the lymphocytes of the palatine tonsils and the appendix. The thymus lymphocytes responded to PHA only. A conclusion was drawn that the paratyphoid B and streptococcus antigens penetrating into the lymphoid tissue by hematogenic route stimulated a relatively low percentage of lymphocytes of the palatine tonsils and the appendix in comparison with the regional lymph node and the spleen.

[Palatine tonsils and immunity. III. T- and B-lymphocytes in the palatine tonsils of patients with chronic tonsillitis]. / Nebnye mindaliny i immunitet. Soobshchenie III. T- i B-limfotsity v nebnykh mindalinakh bol'nykh khronicheskim tonzillitom

Both B- and T-cells are contained in the palatine tonsils of patients suffering from chronic tonsillitis. The former respond by blast-transformation to the in vitro stimulation by the streptococcus and staphylococcus antigens and the latter--to PHA, and produce soluble substances inducing blast-transformation reaction of lymphoid cells of the palatine tonsils under the effect of streptococcus and staphylococcus antigens.