[Vitamin D status in population of the perm territory and Komi and Udmurtia Republics].

Seasonal and geographical variability in blood serum concentration of 25-OHD3 among the residents of the Perm Territory, Komi and Udmurtia Republics (327 subjects in total) were investigated. The mean values of serum 25-OHD3 concentrations in 13-16 years old adolescents vary from 31.1 to 49.6 nmol/l, in adults from 39.7 to 47.7 nmol/l. They are within the range of variation reported in other groups in Russian Federation and North-Western Europe. Seasonal fluctuations of vitamin D content are more expressed in adolescents. The geographical distribution of the measures does not agree with the conventional notion that it has a latitudinal (South-North) variability gradient.

[Blood serum concentration of lipids and lipoproteins and body composition].

The purpose of this study is the analysis of the relationship of blood serum apolipoprotein E (apoE), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high-density and low-density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL), with body mass index (BMI), relative body surface area (RBSA) and body muscle (BM) and body fat (BF). The subjects are males and females aged 14-16 (adolescent age group 1: n1M = 141, n1F = 151) and 18-25 (young adult group 2, n2M = 16, n2F = 46). Significant correlations of serum TG and HDL with somatometric indicators were not observed. In the female samples, TC content directly correlates (p < 0.05) with BF (r1 = 0.164; r2 = 0.418) and negatively correlates with BM (r1 = -0.165; r2 = -0.352). The blood serum concentration of apoE is significantly correlated with body composition in adolescent females (for BF r1 = -0.168; for BM r1 = 0.266; p < 0.05); in males 14-16 years old, the both correlations have a significance level p < 0.06. In young adult females TC and LDL content negatively correlates with RBSA (r2 = -0.386 and -0.377 respectively; p < 0.05) and positively correlates with BMI (r2 = 0.413 and 0.415 respectively; p < 0.05). Adolescent females and young adult females have opposite relationships between FC and apoE concentration. In females 14-15 years old apoE concentration decreases as FC increases. In females 16-17 the correlation disappears, and in older females apoE concentration and FC increase together.

[Changes in the anthropometric characteristics of neonatal infants and in the reproductive behavior of the indigenous population of Chukotka].

The anthropometric characteristics of neonatal infants from the Chukotka indigenous population, age of onset of sexual behavior, and maternal age at first birth were assessed from the records available in 257 labor histories. According to the WHO criteria, physical development was rated as satisfactory in a 2000-2003 neonatal cohort. Birth weight and head and chest circumferences in the neonates were significantly lower than those in a 1967-1970 one. The proportion of babies who had birth weight less than 2500 was 97 per thousand, which was higher than the average value in the Russian Federation and than that of the indigenous population of Alaska and Canada. By the early 2000s versus 1990, reproductive behavioral changes in the native women of Chukotka were exhibited by an average 17-month decrease in age of onset of sexual behavior to 16.9 and 17.26 years in females living in the settlements and villages, respectively. In the meantime, the mean female age at first birth did not differ from that for a group of traditional lifestyle (18-19 years), but the dispersion of the indicator was on the rise. As a result, the proportion of parturients among the Chukchi girls aged 17 years or younger was 2-4 times (according to the place of residence) greater than the total Russian value.

[Polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) in the populations of Russia and neighboring countries].

Allele and genotype frequencies for the locus encoding apolipoprotein E, involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism (APOE), were evaluated in 16 populations representing 12 ethnic groups (a total of 1103 subjects) from Russia and neighboring countries. In the populations examined, the frequencies of allele epsilon4, which is the risk factor of Alzheimer's disease and coronary heart disease, varied from less than 5 to more than 20%, while the variation of the major epsilon3 allele in these populations ranged from less than 75 to 95%. The frequencies of alleles epsilon3 and epsilon4 were 0.714 and 0.205 in Saami, 0.734 and 0.149 in Maris, 0.841 and 0.122 in Evenks, 0.788 and 0.163 in Buryats, 0.764 and 0.202 in Chukchi, 0.875 and 0.075 in Iranians, 0.956 and 0.044 in mountain-dwellers of the Pamirs, 0.771 and 0.094 in Ukrainians, and 0.795 and 0.091 in Belarussians, respectively. In Russians from different regions of the country, the frequencies of these alleles were 0.728 and 0.139 (Kostroma), 0.795 and 0.105 (Moscow), 0.857 and 0.092 (Rostov-on-Don), and 0.824 and 0.083 (Krasnodar), respectively. The latitudinal distribution of the APOE epsilon3 and epsilon4 allele frequencies in the populations examined was comparable to the frequency distribution pattern of these alleles in other populations of Eurasia.