Canine discrimination of ovarian cancer through volatile organic compounds.

Ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate due to its unclear symptomology and the lack of precise early detection tools. If detected in the first stage, over 90% of patients reach remission. As such, developing a reliable method of early detection is crucial in reducing the mortality rate of the disease. One potential method would be to identify specific biomarkers that are unique to ovarian cancer, which could be detected using a blood test. While this can be done using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS), identifying these biomarkers is an enormous task. One way to expedite the process is to utilize trained scent detection canines. In this study, dogs who were previously trained to respond to positive blood samples from ovarian cancer patients were then tested on their ability to recognize samples prepared by micro-preparative gas chromatography (MP-GC) techniques. MP-GC employed a gradient-cooled glass tube connected to the GC outlet to collect GC eluents containing the plasma-derived volatiles in positive blood samples. These post-column fractions were collected at the exit of the GC according to their eluent times (i.e., 0-15 min, 15-25 min and 25-35 min or 0-35 min) and these full or fractional collections were presented to the trained dogs to judge their responses. Dogs' time spent investigating the odor was used as an indication of odor recognition and was significantly longer on the early (0-15 min) and middle (15-25 min) fractions of the ovarian cancer than the late (25-35 min) fraction of plasma odorants or either the negative fractions or distractors odorants. These findings suggest that characteristic odor biomarkers of ovarian cancer for dogs may exist in the relatively small and more volatile compounds. Additionally, variation between dogs suggests that there may be a number of different biomarkers that can be used to identify ovarian cancer.

Delivery of mental health services in disasters : The Xenia tornado and some implications

En esta monografía se examina cómo se desenvuelven los servicios de salud mental en casos de desastre. Se expone un caso concreto, el tornado de Xenia, Ohio, el 20 de abril de 1970; previamente se describe qué clase de comunidad era Xenia, el daño y la destrucción que causó el tornado y cómo se interrumpió la vida social en los aspectos de vivienda, economía, educación, familia, etc. Se concluye con la necesidad de contar con un servicio relacionado con la salud mental para toda la comunidad afectada directa o indirectamente por un desastre, enfatizando los siguientes puntos: a) Necesidad de planificación anterior al impacto causado por un desastre; b) Responsabilidad de la planificación, coordinación y actividades operativas a nivel local; y c) El servicio debe ser flexible y adaptable