Intraoperative unfractionated heparin before femoral component cementation should be avoided in femoral neck fracture treated with hybrid total hip arthroplasty.

PURPOSE: To compare the incidence of perioperative thromboembolic events in femoral neck fracture (FNF) patients treated with hybrid total hip arthroplasty (THA) with intraoperative unfractionated heparin (UFH) versus a control group without intraoperative UFH before femoral component cementation. METHODS: We compared 139 cases without UFH (group A) versus 134 who received 10 UI/kg UFH (group B). Indication of UFH before cementation depended on the preferences of the anaesthesiologists in each case. We assessed intraoperative bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) and 30-day thromboembolic events, and 90-day and 1-year mortality. BCIS was classified as per Donaldson et al.'s classification according to the degree of hypotension, arterial desaturation or loss of consciousness. RESULTS: BCIS was observed in 51 (18%) cases, including 37 (13%) grade 1 and 14 (5%) grade 2. Forty-seven BCISs (35%) were observed in group B and 4 (3%) in group A (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression showed that intraoperative UFH (OR = 18, CI 95% 6-52) and consumption of oral anticoagulants (OR = 3.3, CI 95% 1-10) increased the risk of BCIS. Five patients further developed a 30-day pulmonary embolism in group B, while 2 presented this complication in group A (p = 0.231). No association between BCIS and 30-day thromboembolic events was found (p = 0.62). 90-day (1% each, p = 0.98) and 1-year (2% vs. 3%, p = 0.38) mortality were similar. CONCLUSIONS: BCIS was a frequent finding in FNF patients treated with hybrid THA. We found a paradoxically significant increase in BCIS with the use of UFH. Heparin did not seem to prevent BCIS, other thromboembolic events and mortality in this group of patients.

¿Es útil la monitorización con espectroscopia de infrarojo cercano en la cirugía artroscópica de hombro con anestesia regional y sedación? / Is near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring useful for patients undergoing shoulder surgery under regional anaesthesia and sedation?

BACKGROUND: Shoulder surgery in beach chair position is a very common procedure in our daily practice. It has been associated to regional cerebral saturation impairment detected by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) under general anaesthesia. Severe neurological complications were previously reported, even in previously healthy patients. An anaesthetic protocol under regional anaesthesia and biespectral index (BIS) guided sedation seems to be a safer strategy in order to prevent complications. OBJECTIVE: To find out, in a group of patients undergoing shoulder surgery in beach chair position under regional anaesthesia and sedation, the prevalence of cerebral desaturation events detected by NIRS (defined as a decrease ≥ 20% from baseline or absolute value < 55%). MATERIAL AND METHOD: In this descriptive study, 30 patients undergoing shoulder surgery in beach chair position under regional anaesthesia (ultrasound guided interescalene brachial plexus block) and propofol infusion BIS guided sedation were enrolled to assess the prevalence of cerebral desaturation events. The baseline data for regional cerebral oxygen saturation and bispectral index and non invasive blood pressure measured at heart level were taken prior to surgery after beach chair positioning and thereafter all 5 min until discharge. RESULTS: No cerebral desaturation events were detected during this study. CONCLUSIONS: Although monitoring regional cerebral saturation with NIRS detects decreased cerebral perfusion allowing a rapid intervention, we consider it is not essential under this anaesthesia regimen, considering that no cerebral desaturation events were reported.

La cirugía de hombro en posición de sentado constituye un procedimiento frecuente en la práctica diaria. Bajo anestesia general, se ha asociado con caída de la saturación regional cerebral de oxígeno (Src02) detectada por espectrospcopia infraroja (NIRS), reportándose complicaciones neurológicas severas, incluso en pacientes previamente sanos. El empleo de una técnica de anestesia regional más sedación titulada con índice biespectral (BIS) parecería ser una estrategia más segura a fin de evitar dichos eventos. OBJETIVO: Conocer, en pacientes sometidos a artroscopia de hombro en posición de sentado bajo anestesia regional más sedación, la prevalencia de episodios de desaturación cerebral (ECDs) determinada por NIRS (SrcO2 inferior a 55% o disminución del 20% respecto al basal). MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 30 pacientes sometidos a artroscopía de hombro en posición de sentado bajo anestesia regional (bloqueo interescalénico ecoguiado) más sedación titulada (infusión de propofol guiada por BIS). Se tomaron valores de referencia de Src02, BIS y presión no invasiva a nivel del corazón luego del posicionamiento y, consecutivamente en forma continua para las primeras dos variables y cada 5 minutos hasta el final para la última. Se ocultaron a los anestesiólogos los valores de Src02. RESULTADOS: No se ha detectado ningún EDC en la población estudiada. CONCLUSIÓN: Consideramos que el monitoreo de la perfusión cerebral con tecnología NIRS resulta útil aunque no imprescindible bajo este protocolo anestésico, dada la incidencia casi nula de eventos.

Ultrasonido aplicado a la anestesia regional / Ultrasound applied to regional anesthesia

Clasificación de la anestesia regional periférica, aspectos de su utilización, y de su uso junto al ultrasonido.

Ultrasonido aplicado a la anestesia regional / Ultrasound applied to regional anesthesia

Clasificación de la anestesia regional periférica, aspectos de su utilización, y de su uso junto al ultrasonido.(AU)

Ultrasonido aplicado a la anestesia regional / Ultrasound applied to regional anesthesia

Clasificación de la anestesia regional periférica, aspectos de su utilización, y de su uso junto al ultrasonido.(AU)

Control hemodinámico con fenilefrina en anestesia espinal para cirugía de rodilla / Hemodynamic control with phenylephrine in spinal anesthesia during knee surgery

Antecedentes: La anestesia espinal es utilizada en cirugías ortopédicas, pero produce hipotensión arterial en 10-40 por ciento de los pacientes. El uso de fenilefrina en infusión profiláctica ha permitido mantener la presión arterial durante el parto, pero no hay estudios en cirugías de reemplazo de rodilla. Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto de la infusión continua profiláctica de fenilefrina sobre la presión arterial sistólica (PaS), media (PaM) y diastólica (PaD), y la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) en cirugía de implante protésico de rodilla, comparado con placebo. También se evaluaron: la reposición de fluidos, los episodios de hipotensión y bradicardia, y los requerimientos de efedrina. Lugar de realización: Servicio de Anestesiología del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Diseño: Ensayo clínico, aleatorizado, controlado con placebo, doble ciego. Población: Se incluyeron 30 pacientes sometidos a reemplazo protésico de rodilla. Métodos: Se aleatorizaron al grupo F (bomba con infusión profiláctica con fenilefrina, n = 15) o al grupo P (solución fisiológica, n = 15). Se realizo bloqueo femoral y anestesia espinal. Las variables hemodinámicas se evaluaron en hora basal, inicio de infusión y a los 3, 6, 15, 30, 45 y 60 minutos posbloqueo. Resultados: No se encontró diferencia significativa entre los grupos en cuanto a PaS, PaM, PaD y FC. Tampoco en relación con el número de episodios de hipotensión, bradicardia, administración de efedrina, ni en los requerimientos de fluidos administrados. Conclusiones: En pacientes con anestesia espinal, la infusión profiláctica de fenilefrina no disminuyó la magnitud de la hipotensión posbloqueo, en comparación con placebo, durante la cirugía de implante protésico de rodilla.

Background: Spinal anesthesia is used in orthopedic surgery but it produces arterial hypotension in 10-40 per cent of patients. The use of prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine could maintain arterial pressure during cesarean delivery, but no tests were carried out during knee replacement surgery. Objective: Evaluation of the effect of prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine on systolic (SaP), diastolic (DaP), median (MaP) and cardiac rate (CR) during knee replacement surgery with spinal anesthesia, compared to with placebo. We also evaluated amount of fluids, hypotension and bradycardic episodes, and ephedrine requirements. Setting: Anesthesiology Service of Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Design: clinical trial, randomized, placebo controlled, double blinded. Population: We included 30 patients scheduled for knee replacement surgery. Methods: Patients were randomized to group F (prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine, N = 15) or group P (placebo, n = 15). Hemodynamic variables were evaluated at basal, start of infusion and at 3, 6, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes from the blockade. Results: The differences in SaP, DaP, MaP and CR were not statistically different. Neither were the numbers of cases with hypotension, bradycardia, ephedrine requirements or fluids administered. Conclusions: In patients receiving spinal anesthesia for knee replacement surgery, a prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine did not decrease the magnitude of hypotension in comparison with placebo.

Antecedentes: A anestesia espinhal é utilizada em cirurgias ortopédicas, mas causa hipotensao arterial em 10-40 por cento dos pacientes. O uso da fenilefrina em infusao profilática permitiu manter a pressao arterial durante o parto; porém, nao se conhecem estudos sobre seu uso em cirurgias de substitução de joelho. Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito da infusao continua profilática de fenilefrina sobre a pressao arterial sistólica (PaS), média (PaM) e diastólica (PaD) e a freqüencia cardiaca (FC) em cirurgia de implante de prótese de joelho, comparado com placebo. Foram também avaliados: a reposição de fluídos, os episódios de hipotensao e bradicardia, e a necessidade de efedrina. Lugar de realização: Serviço de Anestesiologia do Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Desenho: Estudo clínico, aleatorizado, controlado com placebo, duplo-cego. População: Trinta pacientes submetidos a substituiçao protésica de joelho. Métodos: Os pacientes foram aleatorizados ao grupo F (bomba de infusao profilática, fenilefrina, n = 15) ou ao grupo P (solução fisiológica, n = 15). Foi feito bloqueio 3 em 1 e anestesia espinhal. Avaliaram-se as variáveis hemodinamicas no momento basal, no inicio da infusao e aos 3, 6, 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos pós-bloqueio. Resultados: Entre os grupos nao se encontrou diferença significativa no que diz respeito a PaS, PaM, PaO e FC, número de casos de hipotensao, de bradicardia, de administração de efedrina nem nas necessidades de fluidos administrados. Conclusoes: Em pacientes com anestesia espinhal, a infusao profilática de fenilefrina nao diminuiu a magnitude da hipotensao pós-bloqueio, em comparação com placebo, durante cirurgia de implante de prótese de joelho.

Peripheral foot blockade versus popliteal fossa nerve block: a prospective randomized trial in 51 patients.

The majority of foot and ankle operations are performed on an outpatient basis and often under some form of regional anesthesia. In this prospective, randomized study of 51 patients undergoing elective unilateral forefoot procedures, we compared 2 different anesthetic techniques: the peripheral foot blockade and the popliteal sciatic nerve block. Variables assessed included the quality of surgical anesthesia, postoperative analgesia, and the incidence of postoperative complications. The anesthesia was classified as effective if it was the sole anesthetic technique for the forefoot surgery. We found successful results in both groups: 92% in the foot block group and 96% in the popliteal block group. Analysis of time required to perform the anesthetic procedure showed a significant difference between the 2 groups, with foot block being considerably faster (14.3 minutes vs 19.2 minutes for popliteal block) (P = .0078). Foot block patients demonstrated 10.96 hours of analgesia, whereas popliteal block patients exhibited 14.32 hours (P = .132). With a mean follow-up of 5.7 months, we did not find anesthesia-related complications in any of the patients. Both techniques showed a high level of safety and efficacy, with no significant difference detected between them. Our patients showed a high rate of satisfaction with both procedures (96% for foot block patients and 96.1% for popliteal block patients) and reported a good discharge disposition. These data show that both procedures are safe and effective anesthetic techniques and well suited to forefoot ambulatory surgery.