[Effect of L-arginine on the oxygen balance of the liver and its bile secretion function].

In acute experiments on anesthetized rats we showed that L-arginine causes an increase in oxygen-dependent synthetic processes in the liver, particularly associated with mitochondrial polyenzyme systems biosynthesis of bile acids with simultaneous activation in hepatocytes tissue respiration. The level of oxygen tension in the gland is not changed. Implementation of these effects partly involves nitric oxide. In addition, the L-arginine inhibits cholepoiesis without involving to the reaction NO. Dose-dependent influence L-arginine on the bile cholates content may indicate a different effect of this amino acids on metabolic transformation of bile acids such as hydroxylation and conjugation.

[Bile composition in patients with chronic pancreatitis].

There was investigated a hepatic bile in 50 persons, aged 35-58 years old, including 20--practically healthy persons (I group), 20 patients, suffering chronic fibrose-degenerative pancreatitis (CHFDP) without jaundice syndrome (II group) and 10 patients, suffering CHFDP with jaundice syndrome (III group). There were determined the contents of the bile acids, the lipids and electrolytic contents of bile. A trustworthy difference in the bile contents was registered in patients, suffering CHFDP with the jaundice syndrome and without it, comparing with such in healthy persons. This have had permitted to add the complex of medicinal preoperative preparation of these patients substantially, and to apply the electrolytes content of a bile to apply as an additional diagnostic marker.

[The influence of calcitonin on the liver secretory function in rats].

The influence of calcitonin on the choleresis level and bile acids spectrum was investigated in acute experiments on the rats with common biliary duct cannulated. We determined the intensity of bile secretion during 3 hours and quantitative content of conjugated and free bile acids using thin-layer chromatography. It was shown that intramuscular introduction of synthetic salmon calcitonin (200 ng/kg) increases the secreted bile volume and the content of conjugated bile acids in the bile. The administration of salmon calcitonin resulted in increase of bile volume (+17.4% (P<0.05)), taurotrihydroxycholates (+58,3% (P<.001)), taurodihydroxycholates (+68.5% (P<0.01)), glycodihydroxycholates (+120.8% (P<0.01)), while the total content of free bile acids was not significantly altered as compared with control. At the same time, under the hormone influence we observed bile acid spectrum redistribution and a part of conjugated cholates increased against a decreasing of free bile acids part. The present results suggest that the salmon calcitonin intensifies the processes of conjugation of bile acids with amino acids taurine and glycine in hepatocytes and canalicular secretion that results in improvement of solubilization properties of the bile, ability of the bile to hold cholesterol in solute state and prevent the formation of calculi in biliary tracts.

[Peculiarities of bile formation in rats of different sex under estron influence].

The influence of estron (8 microg/100g of animal's body weight) on the exocrine function of liver and the changes in bile acid composition of bile on different sex rats was studied. It was shown, that hormone at the applied dose, effected choleresis of female rats more effectively. Estron also caused different changes in bile composition. So, estron stimulated bile acid conjugation with taurine and glycin in female rat liver. Increasing of free and conjugated bile acid biosynthesis in male rats was observed.

[Changes in ratio of lipid components in the rat bile after applying bombesin neuropeptide].

Changes of lipid components ratio in the rat bile after bombesin neuropeptide infusion (1 microg per 100 g of body weight) were studied in the acute experiment using the thin-layer chromatography. The cholates-to-cholesterol, phospholipids-to-cholesterol, cholesterol-to its esters ratios and also the potent cholesterol crystallization index were calculated and analyzed. Obtained data indicate that bombesin takes influence on the colloidal parameters of bile enhancing the secretion of phospholipids, cholesterol and its esters and free fatty acids. The peptide also intensifies cholesterol etherification and improves the colloidal stability of bile. After bombesin application the potential ability of cholesterol to crystallization remains at normal rate indicating that the useful balance of micelle forming elements is unaffected, that prevents from the development of gallstone disease.

[The influence of leu-enkephalin on the bile secretion function in the rat liver during pharmacological modulation of the autonomous nervous system].

In acute experiments on rats the influence of ley-enkephalin (1 mkg/100 g) on liver bile secretion function and changes of organic contents of bile were studied. For studying the influence of opioid peptide under conditions of altered state of adreno- and cholinoreceptors, the antagonists of alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors phentolamin (25 mkg/100 g) and obzidan (5 mkg/100 g), and the blocker of M-holinoreceptors atropine (2 mkg/100 g) were used. The pharmacological modulation of autonomous nervous systems alters the effects of ley-enkephalin on cholesecretions. Opioid peptide in the presence of antagonists of alpha-adrenoreceptors stimulates the processes of bile acids conjugation, in the presence of antagonists of beta-adrenoreceptors it cancels the effects of ley-enkephalin. The antagonists M-holinoreceptors reverse the effects of ley-enkephalin for the opposite ones: the synthesis and transport of free bile asides and cholisterine are suppressed.

[The effect of desmopressin on changes of bile acids specter in rats].

We studied the effect of the synthetic analogue of antidiuretic hormone-desmopressin on the level of choleresis and the bile acids spectrum in acute experiments in bile duct-cannulated rats. It is shown that desmopressin increases bile flow and concentration of taurin-conjugated bile acids. In this situation, the concentration ofglycocholates practically is not changed, and concentration of free bile acids is diminished, which results in increase in the conjugation coefficient. Blockade of V(1a) vasopressin receptors decreases the efficiency of desmopressin regulatory effect on certain aspects of bile secretion. Indexes of choleresis volume velocity were less than those obtained following peptide introduction. The changes in concentration of conjugated and free bile acids had opposite dynamics. Concentration of tauro- and glycocholates was diminished, while concentration of free bile acids was increased, which resulted in a decrease in conjugation coefficient. The data obtained indicate that desmopressin affects both the synthesis and in a higher degree the conjugation process of bile acids with amino acids through V(1a) vasopressin receptors.

[Disorders in lipid composition and properties of plasma membrane in epithelial cells of the placental villous chorion in chlamydial infection].

Lipid composition of plasma membranes of placental epithelial cells of villous chorion of healthy women and those with chlamydiosis has been studied. Lipid composition of plasma membranes of ill women differs from that of healthy women by reduction of total phospholipids quantity, by the increase of the level of free cholesterol and free fatty acids. A disturbance in the ratio between certain lipid fractions and increasing quantity of lysophospholipids is observed. Two-fold oppression of plasma membranes Na+, K+ -ATPase activity of placental epithelial cells of villous chorion in ill women has been detected but Mg2+, Ca2+ -ATPase activity has not changed. Thus chlamydial infection causes significant disorders in lipid composition and functioning of epithelial cells membranes of chorion.

[Effect of natural tachykinins on the bile production in rats].

We studied the changes of biligenesis and bile chemical composition under the influence of endogenous mammalian tachykinins in the acute experiments on the rats with biliary duct cannulated. We have shown that substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin B changed volume of bile secretion and this liver reaction was accompanied by the essential changes of the bile chemical composition. Above mentioned peptides strengthen solubilisation abilities of the bile that diminishes its lithogenicity. The later is an important factor in the medical treatment of functional disturbances of the hepatobiliary system.

[The action of calcium regulating agents on the biliary secretion of adenyl nucleotides]. / Vplyv kal'tsiizalezhnykh spoluk na sekretsiiu z zhovchiu adenilovykh nukleotydiv.

Many types of cells release ATP under the action of specific physiological signals. It is known that the ATP and other adenyl nucleotides is involved in the regulation of bile secretion too. The aim of our experiments was to determinate the influence of noradrenaline, fMLP and verapamile on the biliary secretion of adenyl nucleotides in bile-fistula rats. The biliary secretion of adenyl nucleotides was decreased under the influence of noradrenaline, fMLP (in doses 0.1 mkg/(100 g*30 min) and 10.0 mkg/(100 g*30 min)), verapamile and successive intraportal infusion of verapamile and noradrenaline (in 90 mM/l CaCl2 solution). It seems to be possible that noradrenaline, fMLP and verapamile regulate bile secretion on the level of energetic exchange.

[The detergent properties of the bile acids and their action on bile secretion]. / Deterhentni vlastyvosti zhovchnykh kyslot ta ïkh diia na sekretsiiu zhovchi.

We investigated the influence of the hydrophilic bile acids (cholic and ursodeoxycholic) and hydrophobic (chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic) on the bile secretion during the isolated rat liver perfusion to find out the role of the bile acids detergent properties in their choleretic and cholestatic effects. The increase of the concentration of the hydrophobic bile acids changed the type of the bile secretion rate dynamic from one- to two-peak stimulation. It was shown that the difference in the rate of the bile acids biotransformation was essential both in this process and in the possibility of the bile acids to cause the cholestasis. It was evaluated the bile acids osmotic activity under the micelle formation and micelle information conditions. It was shown the significance of the other bile acids effects but direct osmotic on the osmotic gradient development.

[The secretory function of the liver under the action of enkephalins]. / Sekretorna funktsiia pechinky pry diï enkefaliniv.

Leu- and Met-enkephalins have been studied for their effects on bile secretion in rats. It has been found that enkephalins decrease the bile flow rate and the bile acid secretion. Possible mechanisms of the bile secretion regulation by enkephalins are discussed.