ABSTRACT
The effects of magnetic field of the intensity 0.07 T on embryonic mortality of chicken were studied. Embryonic mortality in eggs exposed to the magnetic field during their incubation was higher (14.28 +/- 3.14%; 18.57 +/- 4.03% resp. 18.95 +/- 3.77%). In comparison with the control group (1.57 +/- 0.97%) all results were significantly different (p < 0.001). The negative effect of the magnetic field manifested also by the lower weight of the hatched chickens (33.58 +/- 2.07 g; 33.09 +/- 3.73 g resp. 31.17 +/- 4.21 g) when compared with the control group (40.80 +/- 5.12 g) (p < 0.05).
Subject(s)
Chick Embryo/radiation effects , Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects , Embryo Loss , AnimalsABSTRACT
Effects of ultrasound on the sex differentiation and embryonic mortality was tested on the set of 772 eggs of the Rhode Island Red and Hampshire strain chicken. In control groups, embryos were not exposed to ultrasound during incubation. In experimental groups, chicken embryos were exposed to ultrasound generated by the transducer oscillating at the frequency of 30 kHz with the power of 60 W. Embryonic mortality was significantly higher in the experimental groups exposed to ultrasound. Pathogenic effects of ultrasound were more pronounced in embryos with already developed allantochorionic blood circulation. It can be assumed that the impairment of allantoid vessels reduced in the intensity of oxidative processes in embryonic tissues. The decrease of blood pH, resulting from the carbon dioxide accumulation, set the sex differentiation in flavour of males.
Subject(s)
Embryo Loss , Sex Differentiation , Ultrasonics/adverse effects , Animals , Chick Embryo , Female , MaleABSTRACT
In the work the influence of the artificial sound stimulation during incubation on the speed of the Pekin duck breed hatching as well as on their mortality during that period was observed. The set eggs were hatched in four hatcheries. The eggs of the first two hatcheries (control groups Ka and Kb) were not sound stimulated. In the other two groups the set eggs were, from the very first hour of hatching, stimulated by the "knocking" sound from an electronic sound generator (experimental groups "a" and "b"). For the stimulation, the acoustic signal with intensity of 25 dB and frequency 5.68 Hz was applied. The fastest hatching process was recorded in the groups with sound stimulation. The "a" experimental group was the fastest, the ducks were hatched after 640.75+/-10.15 hours, in the "b" experimental group the ducks were hatched after 656.50+/-1.70 hours of incubation. In both sound stimulated experimental groups (a, b) the increased embryonic mortality resulted in the decrease of the percentage of hatchability--to 68.09+/-1.77% and 76.44+/-2.68%, respectively. This is statistically evident (P<0.01) when compared with the respective control groups which reached the 88.81+/-1.86% and 89.35+/-0.81% hatchability.