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1.
Psicol. educ. (Madr.) ; 27(1): 21-25, ene. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-199706

ABSTRACT

From a neuroconstructivist point of view and a developmental model of high intellectual abilities (HIA), the aim of this study is to understand the world perception of high intellectual children, which results from their cognitive complexity and other traits such as their high context sensitivity. An intentional sample of N = 80 boys and girls, of which a group of n = 40 children with HIA (n = 40), aged 7, 9, and 11 years old has been studied and compared with a paired control group of n = 40 students with typical intelligence. BADyG and TCTT tests were administered to determine their intellectual profiles multidimensionally. They were also given the Autobiography Questionnaire Form U in order to capture their world perception. The multivariate analysis of variance (GLM) shows an earlier and more advanced world perception among HIA participants, with higher fluency and abstraction in perceiving problems and solutions compared to subjects with typical intelligence. The coefficient of generalizability is high (.822). The conclusions suggest the relevance to design educational programs for an ethical guide of moral sensitivity differentially wide and early in HIA students


Desde un modelo neuroconstructivista de desarrollo de la alta capacidad intelectual (ACI) estudia la percepción del mundo de escolares con HIA, resultante de su complejidad cognitiva y gran sensibilidad hacia el entorno. La muestra intencional es de N = 80, un grupo de niños y niñas con HIA (n = 40) de 7, 9 y 11 años y otro grupo control apareado con inteligencia típica (n = 40). Extraídos los perfiles intelectuales multidimensionales mediante los tests BADyG y TTCT, se mide la conciencia del mundo mediante el Cuestionario Autobiográfico Forma U. Se valida el instrumento, se categorizan respuestas y se controla la calidad de los datos. El análisis de varianza multivariado (GLM) presenta diferencias estadísticamente significativas intragrupo e intergrupo, mostrando una avanzada conciencia social entre escolares con HIA con mayor fluidez y abstracción en percibir problemas y soluciones que los sujetos con inteligencia típica. El coeficiente de generalizabilidad es alto (.822). Se concluye que es importante diseñar programas educativos que guíen éticamente la temprana y diferencial sensibilidad moral de los aprendices con HIA


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child, Gifted/psychology , Intelligence/physiology , Perception/physiology , Students/psychology , Worldview , Intelligence Tests , Surveys and Questionnaires , Age Factors , Morale
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 62(supl.1): s65-s71, 21 feb., 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-151029

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La alta capacidad intelectual es un proceso en desarrollo en el que las funciones ejecutivas (inhibición, memoria de trabajo y flexibilidad) desempeñan un papel en la manifestación óptima de su potencial. Objetivo. Explorar la eficacia del funcionamiento ejecutivo entre los perfiles de alta capacidad de superdotación y talento (convergente o divergente). Sujetos y métodos. Se estudiaron 78 niños con alta capacidad intelectual de 8-15 años con perfiles de superdotación (n = 21), talento convergente (n = 39) o talento divergente (n = 18). Se administró la batería de aptitudes diferenciales y generales o el Differential Aptitude Test (según la edad) y el test de pensamiento creativo de Torrance, además del test de clasificación de tarjetas de Wisconsin, el test de Corsi y el test go-no go mediante la plataforma Psychology Experiment Building Language. Se realizó un análisis multivariado de la varianza para conocer la relación entre función ejecutiva y perfi l intelectual. Resultados. Se obtienen diferencias significativas entre los perfiles estudiados y las funciones ejecutivas de fl exibilidad e inhibición, pero no en la memoria de trabajo. Conclusión. La memoria de trabajo es similar entre los perfiles estudiados, pero el perfil complejo de superdotación muestra mejor funcionamiento ejecutivo, con mayor flexibilidad e inhibición que el talento, especialmente el convergente (AU)


Introduction. High intellectual capacity is a process in development in which the executive functions (inhibition, working memory and fl exibility) play a role in the optimal manifestation of their potential. Aim. To explore the eff ectiveness of executive functioning among the profi les of high capacity giftedness and (convergent or divergent) talent. Subjects and methods. The study examines 78 children with high intellectual capacity aged 8-15 years with profi les of giftedness (n = 21), convergent talent (n = 39) or divergent talent (n = 18). A series of tests were administered including the Battery of Diff erential and General Aptitudes or the Diff erential Aptitude Test (depending on the age) and the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, as well as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Corsi Test and the Go-No Go Test by means of the Psychology Experiment Building Language platform. A multivariate analysis of variance was performed to determine the relationship between executive function and intellectual profi le. Results. Signifi cant diff erences are obtained between the profi les studied and the executive functions of fl exibility and inhibition, but not in working memory. Conclusion. Working memory is similar across the profi les studied, but the complex profi le of giftedness displays better executive functioning, with greater fl exibility and inhibition than talent, especially of the convergent type (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Creativity , 34003 , Child, Gifted/genetics , Aptitude/classification , Aptitude/physiology , Executive Function/physiology , Memory, Short-Term/classification , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Inhibition, Psychological , Pliability/physiology , Multivariate Analysis
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