Lesão traumática facial em cão - reconstrução cirúrgica com retalho de transposição rotacional / Facial traumatic injury in a dog - surgical reconstruction with rotational transposition flap

Background: Bite injuries are commonly found in small animal clinics, especially in male dogs, due to their habits of fighting and territorial disputes. In general, the lesions are treated with the use of compresses and bandages, however, it is extremely important to carefully evaluate the site, in order to carry out the appropriate treatment. In cases of tissue loss, an increasingly used practice is reconstructive surgery, which launches alternatives for treatment through flaps and skin grafts, promoting healing and satisfactory aesthetic repair. This report describes the case of a dog with a facial bite, treated with reconstructive surgery. Case: A 5-year-old male mixed-breed dog, with a body mass of 5 kg, was treated and submitted to a physical examination, due to the owner's complaint that he had been attacked by another dog, causing a bite on the face. On physical examination, the animal showed normal vital parameters, except for mild hyperthermia due to rectal temperature (39.5°C). On the face, it was possible to observe a lacerative lesion in the temporomandibular and masseteric regions, with loss of skin and muscle, in addition to having an aspect of infection and necrosis. To describe the hematological profile, a blood count was performed, showing no changes. In the biochemical tests, the present alteration was a slight increase in Alkaline Phosphatase (393.8 IU/L). Surgical treatment was indicated through facial reconstruction with a skin graft. After performing the antisepsis, the lesion was debrided, the edges were regularized and the injured tissue was curetted. For reconstruction of the defect, we used a flap obtained through a perpendicular incision at the base of the ear, in a caudal direction, and this flap was pulled and transposed over the wound. Flap synthesis was performed with 3-0 nylon thread. After surgery, a compressive bandage was performed, which was removed after 24 h. It was indicated to avoid exertion in the area and to return in 10 days for the evaluation of the surgery and removal of the stitches. Discussion: Traumatic injuries in animals are being increasingly reported, with male and non-neutered dogs being the most prevalent patients. This report is in line with other studies, with the patient's profile being a male dog, with an average age, in line with the literature. In general, in certain types of wounds, the affected animals can develop sepsis and even progress to death, however, in this case the patient did not show changes in vital parameters and in hematological tests. Reconstructive surgeries are performed with the aim of correcting skin defects and knowledge of the available techniques is important. It is also necessary to carry out a good planning, in order to avoid complications in the trans and postoperative period. In the present case, we chose to use a flap obtained through an incision perpendicular to the base of the ear, transposing it over the wound, in addition to relieving tissue tension through skin divulsion, increasing its elastic potential. The use of bandages is considered extremely important for the success of the surgical procedure, as it provides an efficient barrier against infections, trauma and adhesions. However, we emphasize the need to use ointments, gauzes and bandages concomitantly, in order to have the desired success in the postoperative period. In addition to proper surgical techniques, pain management and infection control are important for patient recovery. It is important to use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids to obtain analgesia, in addition to antibiotic therapy before and after surgery. The reported case demonstrated that lesions in dogs with skin loss can be reconstructed using skin flaps, with an excellent recovery and good prognosis, as was the case with the patient in this report.

Avaliação da peroxidação lipídica no plasma de ratos submetidos à lesão tecidual e tratados com hidrogel de poliamido de mandioca / Lipid peroxidation in plasma of rats submitted to tissue injury and treated with cassava polyamide hydrogel / Evaluación de la peroxidación de lípidos en plasma de ratas sometidas a lesión tisular y tratadas con hidrogel de poliamida de yuca

As espécies reativas ao oxigênio (EROS) são produzidas como mecanismo de defesa celular, participando dos processos de cicatrização celular. Entretanto, altos níveis de EROS podem causar danos como a peroxidação lipídica (PL). O presente estudo teve como objetivo, verificar os níveis de PL por meio da determinação das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) no plasma de ratos com lesão tecidual induzida. Foram utilizados 32 ratos machos, Rattus norvegicus albinus da linhagem Wistar, os quais foram pesados e da média ± 10% do peso foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: A ­ controle negativo; B - Vetaglós®; C ­ hidrogel de poliamido de mandioca+ Vetaglós®; D ­ Hidrogel de poliamido de mandioca. Após 21 dias, todos os animais foram anestesiados com isoflurano e foi feita a coleta de sangue por punção cardíaca, e os plasmas foram obtidos após centrifugação, na sequência por superdosagem do anestésico foi realizada a eutanásia. Os níveis de PL nos plasmas dos ratos foram determinados pelo método do TBARS. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação à PL, indicando um equilíbrio entre as defesas antioxidantes celulares e os níveis de EROS produzidos durante o processo de cicatrização celular. Essa ausência nos diferentes grupos experimentais, em relação à PL, deixa claro a importância de se contemplar estudos de parâmetros de bioindicadores de estresse oxidativo em protocolos experimentais.(AU)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a cellular defense mechanism, participating in the processes of cellular healing. However, high levels of ROS can cause damages such as lipid peroxidation (LPO). This study aimed to verify the levels of LPO through the determination of reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) in rat plasma with induced tissue injury. A total of 32 Rattus norvegicus albinus Wistar were used, with a mean weight ± 10%. They were divided into four groups: A ­ negative control; B - Vetaglós®; C - Polyamide cassava; D - Polyamide cassava + Vetaglós®. After 21 days, all animals were anesthetized with isoflurane and blood was collected by cardiac puncture. Plasma was obtained after centrifugation. Euthanasia was performed with administration of an overdose of inhalational anesthetic previously used. The LPO levels in rat plasma were determined using the TBARS method. There was no significant difference between the groups in relation to LPO, indicating a balance between antioxidant defenses and cellular levels of ROS produced during the cellular healing process. This absence in the different experimental groups in relation to LPO emphasizes the importance of further studies related to the bio-indicator parameters for oxidative stress in experimental protocols.(AU)

Las especies reactivas al oxígeno (EROS) se producen como mecanismo de defensa celular, que participan en los procesos de curación celulares. Sin embargo, los altos niveles de EROS pueden causar daños como la peroxidación lipídica (PL). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar los niveles de peroxidación lipídica por sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) en el plasma de ratas con lesión tisular inducida. Se han utilizado 32 ratas machos, Rattus norvegicus albinus de linaje Wistar, que se pesaron y la media ± 10% en peso, y se dividieron en cuatro grupos: A ­ control negativo; B - Vetaglós®; C ­ hidrogel de poliamida de yuca + Vetaglós®; D ­ Hidrogel de poliamida de yuca. Después de 21 días, todos los animales fueron anestesiados con isoflurano y se hizo la extracción de sangre por punción cardiaca, y se obtuvieron los plasmas después de la centrifugación, enseguida con sobredosis de anestésico se realizó la eutanasia. Los niveles de PL en los plasmas de las ratas se determinaron por el método de TBARS. No hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos en relación a la peroxidación lipídica, lo que indica un equilibrio entre las defensas antioxidantes celulares y los niveles de EROS producidos durante el proceso de curación celular. Esa ausencia en los diferentes grupos experimentales, en relación a la PL, pone de manifiesto la importancia de contemplarse estudios de parámetros de bioindicadores de estrés oxidativo en los protocolos experimentales.(AU)

Avaliação da peroxidação lipídica no plasma de ratos submetidos à lesão tecidual e tratados com hidrogel de poliamido de mandioca / Evaluación de la peroxidación de lípidos en plasma de ratas sometidas a lesión tisular y tratadas con hidrogel de poliamida de yuca / Evaluación de la peroxidación de lípidos en plasma de ratas sometidas a lesión tisular y tratadas con hidrogel de poliamida de yuca

As espécies reativas ao oxigênio (EROS) são produzidas como mecanismo de defesa celular, participando dos processos de cicatrização celular. Entretanto, altos níveis de EROS podem causar danos como a peroxidação lipídica (PL). O presente estudo teve como objetivo, verificar os níveis de PL por meio da determinação das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) no plasma de ratos com lesão tecidual induzida. Foram utilizados 32 ratos machos, Rattus norvegicus albinus da linhagem Wistar, os quais foram pesados e da média ± 10% do peso foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: A ­ controle negativo; B - Vetaglós®; C ­ hidrogel de poliamido de mandioca+ Vetaglós®; D ­ Hidrogel de poliamido de mandioca. Após 21 dias, todos os animais foram anestesiados com isoflurano e foi feita a coleta de sangue por punção cardíaca, e os plasmas foram obtidos após centrifugação, na sequência por superdosagem do anestésico foi realizada a eutanásia. Os níveis de PL nos plasmas dos ratos foram determinados pelo método do TBARS. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação à PL, indicando um equilíbrio entre as defesas antioxidantes celulares e os níveis de EROS produzidos durante o processo de cicatrização celular. Essa ausência nos diferentes grupos experimentais, em relação à PL, deixa claro a importância de se contemplar estudos de parâmetros de bioindicadores de estresse oxidativo em protocolos experimentais.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a cellular defense mechanism, participating in the processes of cellular healing. However, high levels of ROS can cause damages such as lipid peroxidation (LPO). This study aimed to verify the levels of LPO through the determination of reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) in rat plasma with induced tissue injury. A total of 32 Rattus norvegicus albinus Wistar were used, with a mean weight ± 10%. They were divided into four groups: A ­ negative control; B - Vetaglós®; C - Polyamide cassava; D - Polyamide cassava + Vetaglós®. After 21 days, all animals were anesthetized with isoflurane and blood was collected by cardiac puncture. Plasma was obtained after centrifugation. Euthanasia was performed with administration of an overdose of inhalational anesthetic previously used. The LPO levels in rat plasma were determined using the TBARS method. There was no significant difference between the groups in relation to LPO, indicating a balance between antioxidant defenses and cellular levels of ROS produced during the cellular healing process. This absence in the different experimental groups in relation to LPO emphasizes the importance of further studies related to the bio-indicator parameters for oxidative stress in experimental protocols.

Las especies reactivas al oxígeno (EROS) se producen como mecanismo de defensa celular, que participan en los procesos de curación celulares. Sin embargo, los altos niveles de EROS pueden causar daños como la peroxidación lipídica (PL). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar los niveles de peroxidación lipídica por sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) en el plasma de ratas con lesión tisular inducida. Se han utilizado 32 ratas machos, Rattus norvegicus albinus de linaje Wistar, que se pesaron y la media ± 10% en peso, y se dividieron en cuatro grupos: A ­ control negativo; B - Vetaglós®; C ­ hidrogel de poliamida de yuca + Vetaglós®; D ­ Hidrogel de poliamida de yuca. Después de 21 días, todos los animales fueron anestesiados con isoflurano y se hizo la extracción de sangre por punción cardiaca, y se obtuvieron los plasmas después de la centrifugación, enseguida con sobredosis de anestésico se realizó la eutanasia. Los niveles de PL en los plasmas de las ratas se determinaron por el método de TBARS. No hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos en relación a la peroxidación lipídica, lo que indica un equilibrio entre las defensas antioxidantes celulares y los niveles de EROS producidos durante el proceso de curación celular. Esa ausencia en los diferentes grupos experimentales, en relación a la PL, pone de manifiesto la importancia de contemplarse estudios de parámetros de bioindicadores de estrés oxidativo en los protocolos experimentales.