Radioprotective effects of lycopene and curcumin during local irradiation of parotid glands in Sprague Dawley rats.

Radiotherapy effectively treats cancers of the head and neck. We investigated the possible protective effects of lycopene and curcumin on the parotid glands of 40 female Sprague Dawley rats during irradiation. The study followed European Union regulations 86/609/EEC, 2010/63/EU for animal experimentation. The animals were divided into 4 groups: those treated with curcumin and radiation, those treated with lycopene and radiation, those treated with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and radiation, and those treated with radiation alone. All compounds were given intraperitoneally the day before irradiation. The total dose of radiation was 20Gy. Morphological and histopathological analyses showed less cell necrosis in the group treated with curcumin than in the other groups, but the difference was not significant. Analysis of structural damage to the parotid ducts and vacuolisation showed significant differences among all groups (p=0.023, p<0.01). Lycopene and curcumin given 24 hours before irradiation reduced the structural damage to the salivary glands. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Effects of potassium apigenin and verbena extract on the wound healing process of SKH-1 mouse skin.

Tissue repair is a complex process, which may be favoured or inhibited by different factors. Potassium apigenin (AP) and other flavonoids present in verbena extract (PLX(®) ) possess powerful anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of topical treatment with AP and PLX gels on wounds inflicted on SKH-1/CRL mice. Forty-eight SKH-1 mice were used (4 groups with 12 animals each), which were subjected to wound excision with a round scalpel, 4 mm in diameter, on the dorsal skin. The animals were divided into four groups: Group I received topical applications of apigenin gel; Group II received PLX gel; Group III received vehicle gel; Group IV acted as control. Wound contraction, reepithelialisation, inflammation and neovascularisation (by means of immunohistochemical staining with anti-laminin) were recorded at study periods established at 2, 7 and 14 days. Reepithelialisation was faster in Groups I and II at 7 days (56·25% grade 3 and 43·75% grade 4) compared with the other groups. The degree of inflammation showed improvement with a tendency towards statistical significance in Groups I and II at 2 and 7 days. Anti-laminin staining was more intense in the group treated with PLX at the 2- and 7-day periods. Topical treatment with PLX gel improved the degree of reepithelialisation and inflammation, and favoured neo-vascularisation of the wounds at 2 and 7 days following surgery.

Microsatellite pathologic score does not efficiently identify high microsatellite instability in colorectal serrated adenocarcinoma.

The microsatellite pathologic score has been proposed as a valuable tool to estimate the probability of a colorectal cancer having high microsatellite instability; however, this score has not been tested in serrated adenocarcinoma. Our aim was to evaluate microsatellite pathologic score in serrated adenocarcinoma, conventional carcinoma, and colorectal cancer with high microsatellite instability histologic features. Eighty-nine serrated adenocarcinoma and 81 matched conventional carcinomas were tested with microsatellite pathologic score, and the results were compared with those of 24 high microsatellite instability histologic features. Validation was performed by microsatellite instability analysis. Although all colorectal cancers with high microsatellite instability histologic features rendered a more than 5.5 score, the microsatellite pathologic score performance was of lower rank in high microsatellite instability serrated adenocarcinoma because none of the cases scored above 5.5 (>77% probability of being high microsatellite instability). High microsatellite instability serrated adenocarcinoma shows pathologic features different from those observed in high microsatellite instability histologic features such as adverse prognostic histologic features at the invasive front. We describe a serrated adenocarcinoma subtype showing high microsatellite instability and some, but not all, high microsatellite instability histologic features that would not be detected if the microsatellite pathologic score cutoff is set at the highest rank. To increase microsatellite pathologic score sensitivity in serrated adenocarcinoma, we propose to set up a 2.1 cutoff score when faced by a right-sided colorectal cancer with serrated features.

In-vivo behavior of Si-hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone/DMB scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing.

Scaffolds made of polycaprolactone and nanocrystalline silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite have been fabricated by 3D printing rapid prototyping technique. To asses that the scaffolds fulfill the requirements to be considered for bone grafting applications, they were implanted in New Zealand rabbits. Histological and radiological studies have demonstrated that the scaffolds implanted in bone exhibited an excellent osteointegration without the interposition of fibrous tissue between bone and implants and without immune response after 4 months of implantation. In addition, we have evaluated the possibility of improving the scaffolds efficiency by incorporating demineralized bone matrix during the preparation by 3D printing. When demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is incorporated, the efficacy of the scaffolds is enhanced, as new bone formation occurs not only in the peripheral portions of the scaffolds but also within its pores after 4 months of implantation. This enhanced performance can be explained in terms of the osteoinductive properties of the DBM in the scaffolds, which have been assessed through the new bone tissue formation when the scaffolds are ectopically implanted.

Perioperative antibiotic regimen in rats treated with pamidronate plus dexamethasone and subjected to dental extraction: a study of the changes in the jaws.

PURPOSE: Osteonecrosis of the jaws is a well-known condition associated with long-term bisphosphonate use. This study analyzed the prophylactic effect of antibiotic treatment in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with pamidronate plus dexamethasone and subjected to oral surgery in the form of dental extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty animals were included in a randomized prospective study. Animals in group I (n = 60) were treated with dexamethasone 1 mg/kg and pamidronate 3 mg/kg 3 times per week for 7, 14, and 21 days. All were subjected to right mandibular or maxillary molar extraction 8, 15, and 22 days after the start of dosing. Animals in group II (n = 60) received the same treatment except for the addition of penicillin 0.1 mL/kg per day for 3 days before and 4 days after extraction. Rats in the 2 groups were sacrificed 14 and 28 days after extraction. A clinical and histologic evaluation was performed. RESULTS: In group I, osteonecrosis was documented in 18 cases (34.6%; affecting the upper and lower jaws in 10 and 8 cases, respectively). In group II, osteonecrosis was documented in 5 cases (9.61%; affecting the upper and lower jaws in 3 and 2 cases, respectively). The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: The adoption of preventive measures (antibiotic prophylaxis) in invasive dental procedures results in a significant decrease in osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with bisphosphonate use.

Bone response to hydroxyapatites with open porosity of animal origin (porcine [OsteoBiol mp3] and bovine [Endobon]): a radiological and histomorphometric study.

PURPOSE: To carry out a radiological and histomorphometric evaluation of bone response to two xenografts of animal origin, one porcine, and the other bovine, inserted in rabbits' tibiae. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty New Zealand rabbits weighing 3900-4500 g were used. Twenty bovine bone grafts (Endobon) in granulated form of 500-1000 µm granulometry were inserted in the proximal metaphyseal area of the animals' right tibia, and 20 porcine bone grafts (OsteoBiol mp3) in granulated form of 600-1000 µm granulometry were inserted in the proximal metaphyseal area of the animals' left tibia. Following graft insertion, the animals were sacrificed in four groups of five, after 1, 2, 3 and 4 months, respectively. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken. Samples were processed for observation under light microscopy. Histomorphometric measurements were presented as mean values ± standard deviations. RESULTS: At 4 months after treatment, the bone defects displayed radiological images that showed complete repair of osseous defects. Histomorphometric evaluation showed that for the porcine xenograft, the study averages for newly formed bone represented 22.8 ± 1.8%, for residual graft material 23.6 ± 3% and for connective tissue 53.5 ± 2.5%, while for the bovine xenograft newly formed bone represented 23.1 ± 1.8%, residual graft material 39.4 ± 3% and non-mineralized connective tissue 37.5 ± 2.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The biomaterials assessed in the study were shown to be biocompatible and osteoconductive. Collagenized porcine xenografts proved more resorbable than bovine xenografts. Both can be used as possible bone substitutes without interfering with normal reparative bone processes.

Modelo de fotocarcinogénesis cutánea en ratones SKH-1 por radiación ultravioleta / An experimental model of ultraviolet radiation-induced cutaneous photocarcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice

Antecedentes. La exposición crónica a las radiaciones solares provoca el envejecimiento patológico de la piel (fotoenvejecimiento) y es uno de los principales factores etiológicos implicados en el desarrollo del cáncer cutáneo. Métodos. Para el presente experimento, hemos expuesto 20 ratones SKH-1 a radiaciones ultravioleta, que se aplicaban tres veces a la semana durante 60min (80 sesiones). Las zonas expuestas a las radiaciones han sido estudiadas macro y microscópicamente. Resultados. El 100% de los animales tratados desarrollaron neoplasias malignas, así como los signos típicos del fotoenvejecimiento. Conclusiones. Debido a la gran similitud de las lesiones desarrolladas por los animales, con las que tienen lugar en la piel humana tras la exposición crónica a las radiaciones ultravioleta, consideramos este modelo, idóneo para el estudio del fotoenvejecimiento y la fotocarcinogénesis, así como para el ensayo de sustancias antioxidantes y fotoprotectoras(AU)

Introduction. Chronic exposure to solar radiation leads to pathological aging of the skin (photoaging) and is one of the principal etiological factors of skin cancer. Methods. For the present experiment, twenty SKH-1 mice were exposed to ultraviolet radiation three times a week for 60min (a total of 80 sessions). The areas exposed to radiation were subsequently examined macroscopically and microscopically. Results. All the experimental animals developed malignant neoplasias (skin carcinomas) as well as signs typical of photoaging. Conclusions. Given the great similarity between the lesions found in the experimental animals and those appearing in human skin following extensive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, we consider this model suitable for the study of photoaging and photocarcinogenesis and for the assessment of antioxidants and photoprotectors(AU)

An experimental study of bisphosphonate-induced jaws osteonecrosis in Sprague-Dawley rats.

OBJECTIVE: Patients undergoing treatment with bisphosphonates may develop jaw lesions consisting mainly of bone necrosis. The present study describes a model of maxillary osteonecrosis in Sprague-Dawley rats, applying bisphosphonates and examines the changes occurring after tooth extraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total 200 animals were included in a randomized prospective study involving the following groups: group I (control, 20 rats without drug treatment), group II (60 animals administered dexamethasone 1 mg/kg/day for 7, 14 and 21 days, in subgroups of 20 animals each), group III (60 animals administered pamidronate daily at a dose of 3 mg/kg) and group IV (60 animals administered pamidronate and dexamethasone). In all groups, molar extraction was carried out on the right upper maxillary or mandibular side 8, 15 and 22 days after the start of dosing. The rats were killed 14 and 28 days after extraction in all groups. RESULTS: A total of 18 cases of osteonecrosis were recorded in the group administered pamidronate and dexamethasone. Osteonecrosis affected the upper maxilla in 10 cases and the mandible in eight cases, and was circumscribed to the extraction zone in all cases. Osteonecrosis was not seen in any of the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of pamidronate and dexamethasone in rats subjected to molar extraction increases the risk of osteonecrosis.

Estudio comparativo de la aplicación del hidrocarburo aromático policíclico 7, 12-dimetil-1, 2-benzatraceno (DMBA) sobre la mucosa oral del hámster y del cobaya / A comparative study of the effect of applying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 7,12-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA), to the oral mucosa of hamsters and guinea-pigs

Introducción: El carcinoma oral de células escamosases una neoplasia maligna con mal pronóstico y baja tasa desupervivencia, en cuya etiología están fuertemente implicadosel tabaco y el alcohol, entre otros factores. En 1954,Salley describió un modelo experimental de carcinogénesisen la mucosa yugal del hámster mediante la aplicación delagente DMBA. Métodos: Hemos desarrollado dos modelosexperimentales diferenciados, basados en la aplicación delDMBA sobre cobayas y hámster respectivamente. Resultados:En el primer modelo (cobayas) no ocurrió el fenómenode la carcinogénesis con el tiempo y las dosis administradas.Solamente observamos áreas de displasia epitelial,que era más severa en los animales que, además del tratamientocon DMBA, ingerían etanol. En el segundo modelo(hámster), se desarrollaron neoplasias malignas, que eranmás numerosas y con un comportamiento biológico másagresivo cuando se administraba el DMBA combinado conel etanol. Conclusiones: El etanol se ha comportado comoagente promotor de la carcinogénesis(AU)

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a malignantneoplasm with a bad prognosis and low survival rate.Tobacco and alcohol are among the most important causativefactors. In 1954, Salley described an experimental modelof carcinogenesis, applying the agent DMBA to the jugalmucosa of hamsters. Methods: we have developed two differentexperimental models based on the application ofDMBA to guinea pigs and hamsters. Results: No carcinogenesiswas seen in the guinea pigs at the administereddoses of DMBA, only areas of epithelial dysplasia, whichwere more severe in the animals that were also given alcohol.Malignant neoplasias developed in the hamsters andwere more numerous and more aggressive when DMBAwas administered together with ethanol. Conclusions: Inthe present study, ethanol acted as an enhancer of carcinogenesis(AU)

Plasma rich in growth factors and bone formation: a radiological and histomorphometric study in New Zealand rabbits.

A radiographic and histomorphometric study was conducted on the influence of autologous plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) upon bone healing in surgically created defects in rabbits. Radiographically, bone regeneration was significantly greater with the use of PRGF after one month (p = 0.005), though no differences were recorded after the second month. In the histomorphometric analysis one month after surgery, the defects filled with autologous bone plus PRGF showed a greater percentage of neoformed bone (35.01 +/- 5.31) than the control defects (22.90 +/- 12.23), though the differences were not significant. Two months after surgery, the defects filled with autologous bone showed greater regeneration (46.04 +/- 10.36%) than the control defects (30.59 +/- 5.69%), though the differences were not significant. The application of PRGF in the bone defects produced in New Zealand rabbits exerted a limited effect on local bone formation.

Effects of plasma rich in growth factors on wound healing of the tongue. Experimental study on rabbits.

OBJECTIVES: To apply autologous Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) in wounds provoked in the tongue of New Zealand albino rabbits and to study its effects in the epithelialization and inflammation of the wounds at 7 and 28 days after its application. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study carried out on 20 adult rabbits. Two wounds were made on the midline of the dorsal surface of the tongue in each animal, one control, and the other in which PRGF was applied. A histological study of the epithelialization and inflammation of wounds at 7 and 28 days was made. RESULTS: At 7 days were not observed differences between the study group and the control, nevertheless at 28 days all the wounds in which we applied the PRGF were completely epithelialized and with resolution of the inflammatory process, finding significant differences with respect to the control (p=0.031) and (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: The PRGF accelerates epithelialization and reduces inflammation at 28 days of provoking wounds in the oral mucosa.

Effects of plasma rich in growth factors on wound healing of the tongue. Experimental study in rabbits

Objectives: To apply autologous Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) in wounds provoked in the tongue of NewZealand albino rabbits and to study its effects in the epithelialization and inflammation of the wounds at 7 and 28days after its application.Study Design: A prospective study carried out on 20 adult rabbits. Two wounds were made on the midline of thedorsal surface of the tongue in each animal, one control, and the other in which PRGF was applied. A histologicalstudy of the epithelialization and inflammation of wounds at 7 and 28 days was made.Results: At 7 days were not observed differences between the study group and the control, nevertheless at 28 daysall the wounds in which we applied the PRGF were completely epithelialized and with resolution of the inflammatoryprocess, finding significant differences with respect to the control (p=0.031) and (p=0.023).Conclusions: The PRGF accelerates epithelialization and reduces inflammation at 28 days of provoking woundsin the oral mucosa (AU)

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The use of plasma rich in growth factors on wound healing in the skin: experimental study in rabbits.

The objective of this study was to use autologous plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) on wound healing in the skin in New Zealand albino rabbits and to study reepithelialisation and inflammation at 7 and 28 days. A prospective study carried out on 20 adult rabbits. Two wounds were made on the in the skin on the back of each animal; one control, and the other in which PRGF was applied. The PRGF preparation was obtained from 10 ml of whole blood. The reepithelialisation and inflammation of wounds were measured at 7 and 28 days. Reepithelialisation improved in skin at 7 days (P = 0.007), with resolution of the inflammatory process (P = 0.005), having significant differences with respect to the control. Therefore, PRGF accelerates reepithelialisation and reduces inflammation at 7 days in skin.

In vitro and in vivo effect of IFNalpha on B16F10 melanoma in two models: subcutaneous (C57BL6J mice) and lung metastasis (Swiss mice).

Interferon alpha tends to be the only agent used to treat melanoma. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of interferon alpha on the growth of the B16F10 melanoma, both in vitro and in vivo. We study the in vitro effect of interferon alpha (250,000, 500,000 and 1,000,000 IU/ml) on the B16F10 melanoma cell line (at 24, 48 and 72 h) and the in vivo effect in a subcutaneous (1x10(6) cells; 300,000 IU) and a pulmonary metastatic model (5x10(5) cells/lateral vein of the tail; 300,000, 600,000 and 1,200,000 IU). Necropsy included a morphological and immunohistochemical study (subcutaneous model), while the number of superficial lung metastases, implantation percentage and growth and invasion indices were calculated in the latter model. In vitro, interferon alpha decreased cell survival in a time- and dose-dependent manner; 250,000 IU/ml: 77% (24h), 80% (48 h) and 92% (72 h); 500,000 IU/ml: 62% (24h), 32% (48 h), 20% (72 h); 1,000,000 IU/ml: 41% (24h), 16% (48 h), 10% (72 h). In the subcutaneous model, it reduced tumor weights (77.74%) and cell proliferation (70.8%), and increased necrotic areas (8%) and inflammatory infiltrates (34.46%). Metastatic model: 300,000 IU reduced pleural nodules by 38.79%, implantation by 59.42%, growth by 43.48%, invasion by 25.06%; the corresponding figures for 600,000 and 1,200,000 IU were 38.79, 59.42, 43.48, 25.06%, and 65.55, 84.98, 56.52, 66.19%, respectively. Interferon alpha inhibited cell proliferation in all the models and had immunomodulatory (subcutaneous model) and antimetastatic (pulmonary metastatic model) effects in vivo.

Plasma rich in growth factors and bone formation: a radiological and histomorphometric study in New Zealand rabbits

A radiographic and histomorphometric study was conducted on the influence of autologous plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) upon bone healing in surgically created defects in rabbits. Radiographically, bone regeneration was significantly greater with the use of PRGF after one month (p = 0.005), though no differences were recorded after the second month. In the histomorphometric analysis one month after surgery, the defects filled with autologous bone plus PRGF showed a greater percentage of neoformed bone (35.01 ± 5.31) than the control defects (22.90 ± 12.23), though the differences were not significant. Two months after surgery, the defects filled with autologous bone showed greater regeneration (46.04 ± 10.36 percent) than the control defects (30.59 ± 5.69 percent), though the differences were not significant. The application of PRGF in the bone defects produced in New Zealand rabbits exerted a limited effect on local bone formation.

Efectos del IFN a y la diosmina en el melanoma metastásico pulmonar murino / Effects of IFN a and diosmin on metastasic murine-lung melanoma

Antecedentes: El melanoma metastatiza en aproximadamente un tercio de los pacientes, causando una caída de la supervivencia hasta el 1-2% a los dos años. El único tratamiento eficaz es el interferón alfa (IFN a) a dosis altas, que resulta muy tóxico. Por ello se buscan antitumorales menos tóxicos, entre los que destacan los flavonoides. Nuestro objetivo ha sido estudiar el tratamiento del melanoma metastásico pulmonar combinando IFN a y diosmina en un modelo murino. Material y Métodos: Utilizamos 60 ratones Swiss inoculados con células (5 x 105) de la línea de melanoma murino B16F10, tratados durante 11 días antes y 21 días después de la inoculación: Grupo I: etanol + PBS; Grupo II: etanol + IFN a (600.000 UI); Grupo III: etanol + IFN a (1.200.000 UI); Grupo IV: diosmina + PBS; Grupo V: diosmina + IFN a (600.000 UI); Grupo VI: diosmina + IFN a (1.200.000 UI). Tras el tratamiento, los animales fueron sacrificados y realizamos el contaje macroscópico de los nódulos metastásicos subpleurales. Resultados: Encontramos diferencias significativas entre el grupo control y los tratados (p<0,001), produciéndose la mayor reducción del número de metástasis subpleurales respecto al control en el grupo III (79,74%; p<0,001), seguido del grupo V (77,38%; p<0,001), del VI (72,33%; p<0,001), del IV (61,4%; p<0,001) y del II (59,59%; p<0,001). Conclusiones: La combinación de diosmina con la dosis menor de IFN a mostró la potenciación de la actividad antimetastásica de ambos compuestos, resultando igual de eficaz que la dosis más elevada de IFNa de forma individualizada

Background: Melanoma metastasizes in approximately one third of patients, causing a drop in survival of 1-2% at two years. The only effective treatment is Interferon alpha (IFN a) at elevated doses, which is highly toxic. Thus, less toxic antitumoral agents are being sought, among which flavonoids are to be highlighted. Our aim was to study the combined treatment of metastasic lung melanoma with IFN a and diosmin in a murine model. Material & Methods: 60 Swiss mice inoculated with cells (5 x 105) from the B16F10 murine melanoma cell line, treated over 11 days prior and 21 days following inoculation: Group I: ethanol + PBS; Group II: ethanol + IFN a (600,000 IU); Group III: ethanol + IFN a (1,200,000 IU); Group IV: diosmin + PBS; Group V: diosmin + IFN a (600,000 IU); Group VI: diosmin + IFN a (1,200,000 IU). Following treatment, animals were sacrificed and a macroscopic count of subpleural metastasic nodules was performed. Results: We found significant differences between the control and the treated groups (p<0.001), there being a greater drop in the number of subpleural metastasis in group III with respect to the control (79.74%; p<0.001), followed by group V (77.38%; p<0.001), VI (72.33%; p<0.001), IV (61.4%; p<0.001) and II (59.59%; p<0.001). Conclusions: The combination of diosmin with the lower dose of IFN a showed a strengthening of the anti-metastasic action of both compounds, being equally as effective as the highest dose of IFN a on its own

Modelo experimental de fotoenvejecimiento cutáneo por radiación ultravioleta A / Experimental model of UVA-induced cutaneous photoageing

Antecedentes: La piel puede sufrir, además del envejecimiento cronológico, el fotoenvejecimiento, secundario a las radiaciones ultravioletas, las cuales se consideran el carcinógeno ambiental más potente. Material y métodos: Hemos utilizado 32 ratones Swiss en 4 grupos: I. control; II. TPA (102 sesiones); III. UVA (102 sesiones, 120 minutos/sesión); IV. TPA y UVA (32 sesiones, 120 minutos/sesión). Al final realizamos la necropsia. La piel del lomo y orejas fueron incluidas en parafina por el método habitual, seccionadas a 5 μm y teñidas con H.E. Valoramos diversos criterios histológicos epidérmicos y dérmicos (+, ++ o +++), por dos observadores distintos. Resultados: Hemos establecido un modelo de fotoenvejecimiento en los dos grupos tratados con UVA que presentaban lesiones de displasia moderada a severa en el grupo irradiado con UVA y carcinomas invasores en el grupo con UVA y TPA, mientras que en el grupo de TPA sólo observamos múltiples áreas de hiperplasia epitelial. Conclusiones: La exposición crónica a UVA asociada al promotor tumoral TPA ha desarrollado un modelo de fotocarcinogénesis cutánea en ratones Swiss

Introduction: Chronological ageing aside, skin may also experience photoageing as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, considered to be the most potent environmental carcinogen. Materials and Methods: 32 Swiss mice (divided into 4 groups) were treated as follows: I (Control); II (TPA: 102 sessions); III (UVA: 102 sessions at 120 minutes/session); IV (TPA & UVA: 32 sessions at 120 minutes/session). Finally, necropsies were performed. The skin from the back and ears was included in paraffin via the usual method, sectioned at 5 μm and stained using H-E. Diverse dermal and epidermal histological criteria were evaluated (+, ++, +++), by two different observers. Results: A model for photoageing was established for both groups treated with UVA, which displayed moderate to severe dysplasia in the case of those treated with UVA alone and invasive carcinoma in the case of those treated with UVA and TPA, whilst only (multiple) areas of epithelial hyperplasia were observed in the group treated with TPA alone. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to UVA in conjunction with the tumour promoter TPA has provided a model for cutaneous photocarcinogenesis in Swiss mice

Modelo experimental de fotoenvejecimiento cutáneo por radiación ultravioleta A / Experimental model of UVA-induced cutaneous photoageing

Antecedentes: La piel puede sufrir, además del envejecimiento cronológico, el fotoenvejecimiento, secundario a las radiaciones ultravioletas, las cuales se consideran el carcinógeno ambiental más potente. Material y métodos: Hemos utilizado 32 ratones Swiss en 4 grupos: I. control; II. TPA (102 sesiones); III. UVA (102 sesiones, 120 minutos/sesión); IV. TPA y UVA (32 sesiones, 120 minutos/sesión). Al final realizamos la necropsia. La piel del lomo y orejas fueron incluidas en parafina por el método habitual, seccionadas a 5 μm y teñidas con H.E. Valoramos diversos criterios histológicos epidérmicos y dérmicos (+, ++ o +++), por dos observadores distintos. Resultados: Hemos establecido un modelo de fotoenvejecimiento en los dos grupos tratados con UVA que presentaban lesiones de displasia moderada a severa en el grupo irradiado con UVA y carcinomas invasores en el grupo con UVA y TPA, mientras que en el grupo de TPA sólo observamos múltiples áreas de hiperplasia epitelial. Conclusiones: La exposición crónica a UVA asociada al promotor tumoral TPA ha desarrollado un modelo de fotocarcinogénesis cutánea en ratones Swiss

Introduction: Chronological ageing aside, skin may also experience photoageing as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, considered to be the most potent environmental carcinogen. Materials and Methods: 32 Swiss mice (divided into 4 groups) were treated as follows: I (Control); II (TPA: 102 sessions); III (UVA: 102 sessions at 120 minutes/session); IV (TPA & UVA: 32 sessions at 120 minutes/session). Finally, necropsies were performed. The skin from the back and ears was included in paraffin via the usual method, sectioned at 5 μm and stained using H-E. Diverse dermal and epidermal histological criteria were evaluated (+, ++, +++), by two different observers. Results: A model for photoageing was established for both groups treated with UVA, which displayed moderate to severe dysplasia in the case of those treated with UVA alone and invasive carcinoma in the case of those treated with UVA and TPA, whilst only (multiple) areas of epithelial hyperplasia were observed in the group treated with TPA alone. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to UVA in conjunction with the tumour promoter TPA has provided a model for cutaneous photocarcinogenesis in Swiss mice

Oral and facial piercings: a case series and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Piercing is popular among young people, who view this practice as a sign of marginality, beauty, or group identity. This study is performed on healthy individuals with oral and facial piercings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy oral and facial piercings were evaluated (17 in the tongue, 13 in the lower lip, 18 in the nostril, 7 in the eyebrow, and 15 in the ear). A specifically designed protocol was used to assess possible complications (inflammatory reactions, pain, dental alterations). Nonparametric tests were used for the statistical analysis of the results. RESULTS: The general complications recorded comprised pain (60% of cases), inflammatory reactions (34.3%), bleeding (24%), dental fractures or fissures (20%), and gingival damage (26.7%). CONCLUSION: Tongue piercing is associated with pain, inflammatory reactions, and dental problems.

Efectos del IFNα y del Lymphomyosot sobre el crecimiento del melanoma B16F10 «in vitro» e «in vivo». Tratamiento con IFNα y Lymphomyosot / Effects of IFNα and Lymphomyosot on «vitro» and «in vivo» B16F10 melanoma growth. Treatment with IFNα and Lymphomyosot

Introducción: En el tratamiento del melanoma se estánensayando distintas citoquinas, entre las que destaca elIFNα, no existiendo estudios experimentales con productoshomeopáticos. Material y métodos: «In vitro» la líneaB16F10 fue tratada durante 24, 48 y 72 horas con IFNα/10a 1.000.000 UI/ml y con Lymphomyosot 1/1 y 1/3 (v/v),cuantificando la viabilidad celular con el test del MTT. «Invivo» realizamos dos experimentos con 80 ratones machosa los que inyectamos 1X105 células B16F10 y tratamos con:I (PBS), II (IFNα), III (Lymphomyosot) y IV (IFNα másLymphomyosot), realizando el estudio morfológico. Resultados:«In vitro» el IFNα a altas concentraciones inhibió elcrecimiento celular y el Lymphomyosot no mostró efectoscitotóxicos. «In vivo» el IFNα redujo el índice de proliferacióncelular y la extensión de los infiltrados inflamatorios,mientras que el Lymphomyosot originó disminución significativade los pesos y necrosis tumorales. Conclusión: ElIFNα ha mostrado citotoxicidad en ambos modelos y elLymphomyosot ausencia de toxicidad y efecto antitumoralindirecto probablemente al aumentar la respuesta del huésped

Introduction: Several cytokines are being tested in thetreatment of melanoma. Among them IFNα should be highlighted,whilst no other experimental studies using homeopathicproducts are underway. Material & Methods: «Invitro»: the cell line B16F10 was treated at 24, 48 and 72hours with IFNα/10 at 1,000,000 IU/ml and withLymphomyosot 1/1 and 1/3 (v/v). Cell viability was quantifiedusing MTT test. «In vivo»: two experiments werecarried out on 80 male mice which were injected with 1x105B16F10 cells and treated with: I (PBS), II (IFNα), III(Lymphomyosot) and IV (IFNα plus Lymphomyosot). Amorphological study was also performed. Results: «Invitro»: at high concentrations of IFNα, cell growth wasinhibited and Lymphomyosot showed no cytotoxic effects.«In vivo»: IFNα reduced the cell-proliferation rate as wellas the extent of spread of inflammatory infiltrates, whilstLymphomyosot caused a significant tumor weight drop andnecrosis. Conclusion: IFNα displayed cytotoxicity in bothmodels whilst Lymphomyosot had an absence of toxicityand an indirect anti-tumor effect, probably due to an increasein the host's response