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1.
Curr Heart Fail Rep ; 21(3): 203-213, 2024 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38507017

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent evidence on female-specific risk factors related to reproductive status or pregnancy. RECENT FINDINGS: Pregnancy-related factors, including hypertensive disorders and gestational diabetes, increase the risk of heart failure in women, while breastfeeding and hormone therapy may offer protection. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome, placental abruption, younger maternal age at first live birth, younger maternal age at last live birth, number of stillbirths, number of pregnancies, onset of menstruation before 12 years of age, shorter reproductive age, ovariectomy, and prolonged absence of ovarian hormones may increase the risk of heart failure in women. Conversely, breastfeeding status and hormone therapy (for menopause or contraception) may serve as protective factors, while fertility treatments have no discernible effect on the risk of heart failure.


Subject(s)
Heart Failure , Humans , Female , Heart Failure/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Risk Factors , Global Health
2.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 45(11-12): 22-34, nov.-dic.2022. graf, tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-213153

ABSTRACT

Los CVC (Catéteres Venosos Centrales) son de uso frecuente en las unidades de cuidados intensivos y reanimación para el manejo del paciente en una situación crítica. Estos catéteres aportan información valiosa para el diagnóstico, valoración del paciente y el tratamiento del mismo en situaciones graves de inestabilidad hemodinámica, principalmente. Es de vital importancia, el consenso hospitalario del uso de estos catéteres, ya que proporcionan una herramienta muy útil y con cada vez menos riesgos potenciales asociados a su uso.Los CVC tienen como objetivo, las mediciones hemodinámicas, aportes parenterales al paciente, cubrir necesidades de urgencia, extracciones sanguíneas, administración de fármacos vasoactivos, etc. Por sus características, son los más aptos para los pacientes de UCIs y REAs.Existen numerosos estudios que indican que en un catéter venoso central de tres/cinco luces, las extracciones de muestras para analítica, se deben llevar a cabo extrayendo una mínima cantidad de sangre de la luz proximal, sin lavado previo ni posterior1, con el fin de evitar la manipulación excesiva del catéter, y las anemias iatrogénicas debidas a la cantidad de sangre que se desecha. Sin embargo, no existe consenso, ni estudios de relevancia e investigación que indiquen cuál es la distribución adecuada de las perfusiones en un catéter venoso central de varias luces, cuando se administran drogas vasoactivas, tipo noradrenalina, dopamina, dobutamina, etc., ni tampoco cual es la repercusión hemodinámica si se realiza la extracción por otra rama del catéter venoso central. Los estándares de práctica de la terapia de infusión proporcionan recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia que publica la Infusión Nurses Society2 cada 5 años. Sí hay, por el contrario, estudios que demuestran cuál es la forma más adecuada del cambio de perfusiones cuando se terminan, con el fin de evitar las alteraciones hemodinámicas del paciente. (AU)


CVCs (Central Venous Catheters) are frequently used in intensive care and resuscitation units for the management of patients in a critical situation. These catheters provide valuable information for the diagnosis, assessment of the patient and the treatment of the same in serious situations of hemodynamic instability, mainly. It is of vital importance, the hospital consensus of the use of these catheters, since they provide a very useful tool and with fewer and fewer potential risks associated with their use.The CVCs have as their objective, hemodynamic measurements, parenteral contributions to the patient, cover emergency needs, blood extractions, administration of vasoactive drugs, etc. Due to their characteristics, they are the most suitable for patients with ICUs and OERs.There are numerous studies that indicate that in a three/five-light central venous catheter, the extractions of samples for analysis should be carried out by extracting a minimum amount of blood from the proximal lumen, without prior or subsequent washing1, in order to avoid excessive manipulation of the catheter, and iatrogenic anemias due to the amount of blood that is discarded. However, there is no consensus, nor studies of relevance and research that indicate what is the appropriate distribution of infusions in a central venous catheter of several lights, when vasoactive drugs, noradrenaline type, dopamine, dobutamine, etc. are administered, nor what is the hemodynamic repercussion if the extraction is performed by another branch of the central venous catheter. The infusion therapy standards of practice provide evidence-based recommendations published by the Nurses Society2 Infusion every 5 years. On the contrary, there are studies that demonstrate the most appropriate form of change in infusions when they are finished, in order to avoid hemodynamic alterations in the patient. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Central Venous Catheters , Vasodilator Agents , Catheterization , Nursing Care , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Longitudinal Studies , Prospective Studies
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