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1.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 58(5): 290-4, 2011 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21692253

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Over 50% of patients still experience pain a year after mastectomy with or without lymphadenectomy. We aimed to determine the association between anesthetic technique, acute postoperative pain intensity, and the development of chronic postoperative pain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty patients were randomly assigned to receive general anesthesia with or without a paravertebral nerve block for modified radical mastectomy. Postoperative pain was assessed on a visual analog scale at 60 minutes and 24 hours; the patients were also asked to respond to a telephone questionnaire on chronic pain 4 to 5 months later. RESULTS: No significant differences in acute pain were observed. Twenty-nine responded to the telephone questionnaire. Only 1 patient in the paravertebral block group reported chronic neuropathic pain and none had phantom breast pain. Only 1 patient (6.7%) in the paravertebral block group reported chronic neuropathic pain and none had phantom breast pain. In the group that received general anesthesia alone, 1 patient reported phantom breast pain and 6 patients had neuropathic pain, associated with phantom breast pain in 2 cases (incidence of chronic pain 50%; P = .01, Fischer exact test; relative risk, 7.5, 95% confidence interval, 1.0-53.5). The incidences of myofascial pain (neck muscle tightness) were similar in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Four to 5 months after mastectomy, fewer cases of chronic pain developed in the group operated under general anesthesia with a preincisional paravertebral block than in the group that received only general anesthesia, with postoperative morphine chloride for analgesia.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, General , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Mastectomy , Nerve Block , Pain, Postoperative/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Female , Humans , Nerve Block/methods
2.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 58(5): 290-294, mayo 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-88931

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: En la cirugía del cáncer de mama, en más del 50% de las pacientes con mastectomía y/o linfadenectomía persiste el dolor en el primer año. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la asociación entre la técnica anestésica, la intensidad del dolor agudo postquirúrgico y el desarrollo del dolor crónico postquirúrgico. Pacientes y métodos: Cuarenta pacientes fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a recibir anestesia general o anestesia general con bloqueo paravertebral para mastectomía radical modificada. Se midió el dolor mediante escala visual analógica a los 60 minutos, a las 24 horas y a los 4-5 meses se realizó encuesta de dolor crónico postquirúrgico. Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas respecto al dolor agudo. Veintinueve pacientes contestaron a la encuesta telefónica. En el grupo del bloqueo paravertebral sólo hubo un caso de dolor neuropático y ninguno de miembro fantasma mientras que en el grupo de anestesia general hubo 7 casos de dolor neuropático asociados a 3 casos de miembro fantasma [6,7% frente a 50%; test exacto de Fischer, p = 0,01, con un RR de 7,5 (IC95% 1,0-53,5)]. Hubo dolor miofascial (contracturas en cuello) en ambos grupos sin diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: A los 4-5 meses de la cirugía la anestesia general con bloqueo paravertebral preincisional presenta menos casos de dolor crónico que sí se utiliza anestesia general y analgesia con cloruro mórfico(AU)


Background and objective: Over 50% of patients still experience pain a year after mastectomy with or without lymphadenectomy. We aimed to determine the association between anesthetic technique, acute postoperative pain intensity, and the development of chronic postoperative pain. Patients and methods: Forty patients were randomly assigned to receive general anesthesia with or without a paravertebral nerve block for modified radical mastectomy. Postoperative pain was assessed on a visual analog scale at 60 minutes and 24 hours; the patients were also asked to respond to a telephone questionnaire on chronic pain 4 to 5 months later. Results: No significant differences in acute pain were observed. Twenty-nine responded to the telephone questionnaire. Only 1 patient in the paravertebral block group reported chronic neuropathic pain and none had phantom breast pain. Only 1 patient (6.7%) in the paravertebral block group reported chronic neuropathic pain and none had phantom breast pain. In the group that received general anesthesia alone, 1 patient reported phantom breast pain and 6 patients had neuropathic pain, associated with phantom breast pain in 2 cases (incidence of chronic pain 50%; P = .01, Fischer exact test; relative risk, 7.5, 95% confidence interval, 1.0-53.5). The incidences of myofascial pain (neck muscle tightness) were similar in the 2 groups. Conclusions: Four to 5 months after mastectomy, fewer cases of chronic pain developed in the group operated under general anesthesia with a preincisional paravertebral block than in the group that received only general anesthesia, with postoperative morphine chloride for analgesia(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Anesthesia, General/methods , Nerve Block/methods , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , /methods , Analgesia , Antiemetics/therapeutic use , Morphine/therapeutic use , Anesthesia, General/trends , Anesthesia, General , Mastectomy, Radical/methods , 28599 , Phantom Limb/chemically induced , Myofascial Pain Syndromes/chemically induced , Socioeconomic Survey
5.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 15(7): 440-443, oct. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-72960

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Estudiar la estabilidad en el tiempo de la mepivacaína alcalinizada en cuanto a valores de pH y formación de precipitados, ya que apenas existe información en la literatura acerca de la estabilidad temporal de este anestésico, y la información disponible aconseja alcalinizarla justo antes de su empleo. Material y métodos: Fueron preparadas tres jeringas (A, B y C) de 20 mL conteniendo mepivacaína al 1.5%. La jeringa A fue utilizada como control de pH, y las jeringas B y C fueron alcalinizadas adicionando 2 mL de bicarbonato al 8.4%. Fue medido el pH y calculado el porcentaje de base libre asociado en cada jeringa previamente a la alcalinización y posteriormente cada 10 minutos hasta completar una hora, salvo para la jeringa C en los últimos 30 minutos, que permaneció cerrada como control de fuga de CO2. Las soluciones fueron inspeccionadas visualmente durante todo el procedimiento para identificar eventuales precipitados macroscópicos y, tras la hora de estudio, fueron filtradas para indagar sobre la formación de precipitados microscópicos. Tras el filtrado, el pH de cada solución anestésica fue medido de nuevo. Resultados: Tras la alcalinización de la mepivacaína al 1.5% se produjo un aumento inmediato y significativo de los valores de pH y del porcentaje calculado de base libre en las jeringas alcalinizadas B y C con respecto a la de control A, y en todas las jeringas el pH permaneció muy estable durante una hora. Además, a los 60 minutos apenas existieron diferencias entre los valores de pH de las jeringas B y C, lo que indica que no se produjo fuga significativa de CO2. En este tiempo no hubo sospecha de formación de precipitados por inspección visual, y las mínimas diferencias encontradas entre los pesos secos de los filtros indican que no hubo formación de precipitados significativa (…) (AU)


PurposeIt is recommended to alkalinize mepivacaine just before employing it. However, data regarding alkalinized mepivacain estability over time are very scarce. The aim of this work was to investigate for pH stability and precipitation of alkalinized mepivacaine. Materials and Methods: Three syringes (A, B, C) containing 20mL of 1.5% mepivacaine each one were prepared. Syringe A served as pH control, and syringes B and C were alkalinized by adding 2mL of8.4% sodium bicarbonate solution. pH was measured into each syringe before alkalinization and every ten minutes lasting for one hour after. Associated free base percentage was calculated, except for the last 30 minutes for syringe C, which remained closed to serve as CO2 leakage control. Solutions were examinated by naked eyes looking for macroscopic precipitates, filtered after the procedure and the filters were weighed in order to looking for microscopic precipitates. After filtration pH was again measured. Results: Alkalinization resulted in immediate and significant increases in pH values and associated free base percentage of syringes B and C compared to syringe A. After that and for one hour pH values remained very stable. Besides, pH values between syringes B and C were very similar at 60 minutes, indicating no-significative leakage of CO2. The procedure was completed without evidence of precipitation by visual inspection, and differences between dry filters weights were minimalindicating no significative formation of microprecipitates. Conclusions: 1.5% mepivacaine solutions can be alkalinized and stored at room temperature in closed syringes for at least one hour before administration. In our opinion previous alkalinizationis much more convenient to daily clinical practice that actual recommendation of alkalinization just before use (AU)


Subject(s)
Mepivacaine/administration & dosage , Mepivacaine/therapeutic use , Drug Stability , Alkalinization/methods , Sodium Bicarbonate/therapeutic use , Mepivacaine/chemical synthesis , Mepivacaine/metabolism , Mepivacaine/pharmacokinetics , Research/methods , Research/trends , Sodium Bicarbonate/pharmacology
6.
Med. paliat ; 14(3): 151-153, jul.-sept. 2007.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-62598

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: se expone la utilidad de técnicas intervencionistas sencillas en casos de dolor oncológico rebelde a tratamiento convencional o con intolerancia a ellos. Material y métodos: implantación de catéter braquial en la vaina perineurovascular por vía supraclavicular de Kulenkampff con tunelización a región pectoral, y perfusión de anestésicos locales en recidiva de carcinoma de mama. Se obtiene una disminución del dolor en un 70% del EVA mediante una perfusión de anestésicos locales (ropivacaína 0,2%) con una bomba de infusión elastomérica, y reducción de la medicación vía oral al primer escalón de la OMS. Resultados: importante mejora de la calidad de vida y del estado anímico de la enferma. Conclusiones: el dolor oncológico en ocasiones puede resultar rebelde al tratamiento convencional. Pueden ser necesarios procedimientos terapéuticos más complejos (cuarto escalón de la OMS). Su realización de forma temprana, proporciona una mejor calidad de vida que un tratamiento farmacológico convencional poco efectivo (AU)


Objective: to discuss these simple interventionist techniques useful for cancer pain refractory to conventional treatment or treatment intolerance. Material and methods: brachial catheter implantation in the perineuro-vascular sheath via the supraclavicular Kulenkampff route with tunelization to pectoral region, and local anaesthetic perfusion in breast cancer relapse. A 70% pain reduction on a VAS scale with a local anaesthetic (0.2% ropivacaine) using an elastomeric infusion pump, and oral medication reduction. Results: important improvement of the patient's quality of life and psychic status. Conclusions: oncologic pain may sometimes be refractory to conventional treatment. Other therapeutic procedures (fourth WHO step) may be needed. Its early accomplishment provides better quality of life than when compared to ineffective conventional drug therapy (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Pain, Intractable/therapy , Nerve Block/methods , Brachial Plexus , Analgesia/methods , Bone Neoplasms/complications , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Fentanyl/therapeutic use
7.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 47(10): 442-446, dic. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-3570

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Valoración del uso de una modificación en la técnica anestésica locorregional clásica (infiltración anestésica periauricular en "V") para la cirugía del pabellón auricular, consistente en añadir una nueva infiltración sobre la unión osteocartilaginosa entre el conducto auricular externo y el foramen auditivo, utilizada en adultos como alternativa a la anestesia general, y evaluación de la analgesia postoperatoria. Pacientes y métodos. Realizamos la técnica en 45 intervenciones sobre 23 pacientes. Analizamos el dolor intra y postoperatorio mediante la escala verbal simple. Resultados. Tras la modificación de la técnica anestésica, se pudo realizar la cirugía sobre el pabellón sin que el paciente manifestara molestia o dolor alguno, siendo éste evaluado intraoperatoriamente como 0/10 por todos los pacientes. En el postoperatorio, el dolor fue evaluado por todos como 0/10, excepto por uno, que refirió un valor de 4/10, y otro que lo valoró como 2/10. No evidenciamos la presencia de síndrome emético o alteraciones cardíacas en ningún paciente. Conclusiones. La utilización de la técnica de bloqueo locorregional descrita sobre el pabellón auricular como único método anestésico está indicada tanto en cirugía estética como reparadora del pabellón auricular, dada su excelente eficacia analgésica en el intra y en el postoperatorio. Las cualidades de este tipo de bloqueo sobre el pabellón lo hacen ideal para su uso en régimen de cirugía mayor ambulatoria y lo convierten en una alternativa válida a la anestesia general en adultos (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Male , Female , Humans , Vasoconstrictor Agents , Surgery, Plastic , Treatment Outcome , Mepivacaine , Pain Measurement , Pain, Postoperative , Retrospective Studies , Ketorolac , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Cervical Plexus , Bupivacaine , Ear, External , Administration, Oral , Anesthetics, Local , Analgesia , Anesthesia, Local , Injections, Subcutaneous , Epinephrine , Ear Neoplasms
8.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 47(10): 442-6, 2000 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11212401

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a change in the classical technique for local-regional anesthesia (periauricular "V" infiltration) for surgery on the outer ear, specifically adding a new infiltration of the osteocartilaginous juncture of the external acoustic meatus and the auditory foramen, as an alternative to general anesthesia in adults, including assessment of postoperative analgesia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The new technique was used in 45 operations on 23 patients. We analyzed pain during and after surgery on a simple verbal scale. RESULTS: After modifying the technique it was possible to perform surgery on the outer ear without causing pain, patients reporting "0" pain on a scale of 0 to 10. Eight patients reported "0" for postoperative pain, while one assessed pain as "4" and one as "2". No signs of emesis or cardiac events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The described local-regional blockade of the outer ear used as the only anesthetic method, is indicated for both cosmetic surgery and repair of outer ear injuries, given its excellent analgesia during and after surgery. The characteristics of this type of block of the pavilion make it ideal for major outpatient surgery and a valid alternative to general anesthesia in adults.


Subject(s)
Analgesia/methods , Anesthesia, Local/methods , Ear, External/surgery , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Adolescent , Adult , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Cervical Plexus/injuries , Cervical Plexus/physiology , Ear Neoplasms/surgery , Ear, External/injuries , Ear, External/innervation , Epinephrine/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Injections, Subcutaneous , Ketorolac/administration & dosage , Male , Mepivacaine/administration & dosage , Pain Measurement , Retrospective Studies , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Treatment Outcome , Vasoconstrictor Agents/administration & dosage
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