Functionality of Bread and Beverage Added with Brosimum alicastrum Sw. Seed Flour on the Nutritional and Health Status of the Elderly.

Physiological changes in elderly individuals (EI) can contribute to nutritional deterioration and comorbidities that reduce their quality of life. Factors such as diet can modulate some of these effects. The aim was to evaluate the functionality of foods added with Brosimum alicastrum Sw. seed flour in EI. EI (n = 23) living in nursing home conditions agreed to participate. A control stage was carried out (30 days) and subsequently, an intervention stage (30 days) was realized in which a muffin and a beverage, designed for EI, were added to the participants' their usual diet. In both stages, anthropometric parameters, body composition, nutritional status, dietary intake, sarcopenic status, cognitive and affective states, biometric parameters, and total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant capacity in foods and plasma of EI were determined. The results showed that the consumption of the foods improved the energy intake and preserved the muscle reserves of the EI. The EI gained body weight (+1.1 kg), increased their protein (+18.6 g/day; 1.5 g/kg BW/day), dietary fiber (+13.4 g/day), iron (+4.4 mg/day), zinc (+1.8 mg/day), folic acid (+83.4 µg/day) consumption while reducing their cholesterol (-66 mg/day) and sodium (-319.5 mg/day) consumption. LDL-C lipoproteins reduced (14.8%) and urea (33.1%) and BUN (33.3%) increased. The TPC increased (7.8%) in the plasma, particularly in women (10.7%). The foods improve the EI nutritional status, and this has a cardiovascular protective effect that can benefit the health of the EI.

Neofobia alimentaria y trastornos de conducta alimentaria: Impacto en la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea de universitarios españoles / Food neophobia and eating disorders: Impact on adherence to the Mediterranean diet of Spanish university students

RESUMEN Este estudio evaluó la actitud de los universitarios murcianos hacia los nuevos alimentos y su relación con la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, el riesgo de alteraciones de la conducta alimentaria y su asociación con la masa corporal. Participaron estudiantes de la Universidad de Murcia a los cuales se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, peso y talla, para estimar el índice de masa corporal y se estableció su condición nutricional, y se aplicaron las encuestas para identificación de trastornos de conducta alimentaria y neofobia alimentaria. Participaron un total de 300 universitarios con un promedio de edad de 21.3 años. Sólo el 14% de las mujeres y 35% de los hombres presentaron exceso de peso. Un 44% presentan buena adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. La Neofobia fue ligeramente mayor en mujeres que en hombres. Entre los resultados se identificó que existen más conductas de trastornos de conducta alimentaria (15.5%) que neofobia (11.5%), impactando negativamente a la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Los universitarios de la Región de Murcia, presentan una puntuación en trastorno de la conducta alimentaria inferior a la reportada por otros autores, no existiendo diferencias significativas entre esta y el sexo, la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea o el IMC.

ABSTRACT The study was designed to evaluate the attitude of Spanish undergraduates towards new foods and its impact on adherence to the Mediterranean diet, risk of altered eating behavior and its association with body mass. Undergraduates of the University of Murcia were invited to participate. Anthropometry (weight and height) was measured to estimate body mass and nutritional status and surveys were administered to identify eating disorders and food neophobia. A total of 300 undergraduates participated, with a mean age of 21.3 years. Only 14% of the women and 35% of the men were overweight; 44% had good adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Neophobia is slightly higher in females than males. We observed more eating disorder behaviors (15.5%) compared to food neophobia (11.5%) and that both negatively impacted the adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Undergraduates from the Murcia Region, reported an eating disorder values lower than that reported by other authors. No significant differences were found between this and sex, adherence to the Mediterranean diet or BMI.

Neofobia alimentaria: impacto sobre los hábitos alimentarios y aceptación de alimentos saludables en usuarios de comedores escolares / Food neophobia: impact on food habits and acceptance of healthy foods in schoolchildren

Introducción: En los niños la neofobia puede afectar las elecciones alimentarias y limitar la variedad de la dieta así como afectar la aceptación sensorial de nuevos alimentos. Objetivo: Identificar el impacto de la neofobia alimentaria en los hábitos alimentarios y preferencias de alimentos saludables en usuarios de comedores escolares en la ciudad de Murcia. Materiales y Métodos: Participaron 242 escolares de segundo y tercer ciclo de educación primaria, de 8-12 años, con estratificación por sexo y ciclo escolar. Se aplicó una encuesta de hábitos y preferencias alimentarias, neofobia alimentaria y aceptación de alimentos de consumo habitual en el comedor. Además se realizó una prueba sensorial y se midió el consumo de ensaladas y frutas en el comedor, mediante el método de pesada. Resultados: La prevalencia de neofobia fue de 16%, sin diferencia entre sexos, ciclo escolar, tiempo del uso del comedor, origen de los padres y tener sobrepeso o bajo peso. La neofobia se asoció a un detrimento en el consumo de verduras y frutas, el gusto por las legumbres y menor consumo de cereales y sus derivados en el desayuno y a menor preferencia de frutas, verduras y hortalizas (p<0.05). A mayor nivel de neofobia menor fue la aceptación otorgada a alimentos como pollo y lentejas (p<0.05), ensaladas, fruta y guisos (p<0.001). La neofobia no afectó la aceptación hedónica de frutas y ensaladas consumidas en el comedor escolar. Conclusiones: Es necesario integrar esta información a los involucrados a fin de garantizar una mejoría en el consumo de alimentos saludables (AU)

Introduction: In children, food neophobia may affect food choices and limit the variety of the diet as well as affect the sensory acceptance of new foods. Objective: To identify the impact of food neophobia in food habits and preferences of healthy food in school canteens users in the city of Murcia. Materials and Methods: A total of 242 children in the second and third cycle of primary education (8-12 years), were included, stratified by sex and school year. A survey of habits and food preferences, food neophobia and acceptance of foods commonly consumed in the dining room was applied. In addition, a sensory test was conducted and the consumption of salads and fruits in the room was measured by the weighing method. Results: The prevalence of neophobia was 16%, without difference by sex, academic year, time to use service, parental origin and being overweight or underweight. Food neophobia was associated with a detrimental effect on the consumption of vegetables and fruit, the taste for vegetables and lower consumption of cereals and cereal at breakfast and preferably less fruit and vegetables (p<0.05). A higher level of neophobia less acceptance was given to foods like chicken and lentils (p<0.05), fruit, salads and legumes (p<0.001). Food neophobia did not affect the hedonic acceptance of fruit and salads consumed in the cafeteria. Conclusions: It is necessary to integrate this information to stakeholders to ensure an improvement in the consumption of healthy foods (AU)

[Food neophobia: impact on food habits and acceptance of healthy foods in schoolchildren]. / Neofobia alimentaria: impacto sobre los hábitos alimentarios y aceptación de alimentos saludables en usuarios de comedores escolares.

INTRODUCTION: In children, food neophobia may affect food choices and limit the variety of the diet as well as affect the sensory acceptance of new foods. OBJECTIVE: To identify the impact of food neophobia in food habits and preferences of healthy food in school canteens users in the city of Murcia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 242 children in the second and third cycle of primary education (8-12 years), were included, stratified by sex and school year. A survey of habits and food preferences, food neophobia and acceptance of foods commonly consumed in the dining room was applied. In addition, a sensory test was conducted and the consumption of salads and fruits in the room was measured by the weighing method. RESULTS: The prevalence of neophobia was 16%, without difference by sex, academic year, time to use service, parental origin and being overweight or underweight. Food neophobia was associated with a detrimental effect on the consumption of vegetables and fruit, the taste for vegetables and lower consumption of cereals and cereal at breakfast and preferably less fruit and vegetables (p<0.05). A higher level of neophobia less acceptance was given to foods like chicken and lentils (p<0.05), fruit, salads and legumes (p<0.001). Food neophobia did not affect the hedonic acceptance of fruit and salads consumed in the cafeteria. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to integrate this information to stakeholders to ensure an improvement in the consumption of healthy foods.

Introducción: En los niños la neofobia puede afectar las elecciones alimentarias y limitar la variedad de la dieta así como afectar la aceptación sensorial de nuevos alimentos. Objetivo: Identificar el impacto de la neofobia alimentaria en los hábitos alimentarios y preferencias de alimentos saludables en usuarios de comedores escolares en la ciudad de Murcia. Materiales y Métodos: Participaron 242 escolares de segundo y tercer ciclo de educación primaria, de 8-12 años, con estratificación por sexo y ciclo escolar. Se aplicó una encuesta de hábitos y preferencias alimentarias, neofobia alimentaria y aceptación de alimentos de consumo habitual en el comedor. Además se realizó una prueba sensorial y se midió el consumo de ensaladas y frutas en el comedor, mediante el método de pesada. Resultados: La prevalencia de neofobia fue de 16%, sin diferencia entre sexos, ciclo escolar, tiempo del uso del comedor, origen de los padres y tener sobrepeso o bajo peso. La neofobia se asoció a un detrimento en el consumo de verduras y frutas, el gusto por las legumbres y menor consumo de cereales y sus derivados en el desayuno y a menor preferencia de frutas, verduras y hortalizas (p.