Rosacea Core Domain Set for Clinical Trials and Practice: A Consensus Statement.

Importance: Inconsistent reporting of outcomes in clinical trials of rosacea is impeding and likely preventing accurate data pooling and meta-analyses. There is a need for standardization of outcomes assessed during intervention trials of rosacea. Objective: To develop a rosacea core outcome set (COS) based on key domains that are globally relevant and applicable to all demographic groups to be used as a minimum list of outcomes for reporting by rosacea clinical trials, and when appropriate, in clinical practice. Evidence Review: A systematic literature review of rosacea clinical trials was conducted. Discrete outcomes were extracted and augmented through discussions and focus groups with key stakeholders. The initial list of 192 outcomes was refined to identify 50 unique outcomes that were rated through the Delphi process Round 1 by 88 panelists (63 physicians from 17 countries and 25 patients with rosacea in the US) on 9-point Likert scale. Based on feedback, an additional 11 outcomes were added in Round 2. Outcomes deemed to be critical for inclusion (rated 7-9 by ≥70% of both groups) were discussed in consensus meetings. The outcomes deemed to be most important for inclusion by at least 85% of the participants were incorporated into the final core domain set. Findings: The Delphi process and consensus-building meetings identified a final core set of 8 domains for rosacea clinical trials: ocular signs and symptoms; skin signs of disease; skin symptoms; overall severity; patient satisfaction; quality of life; degree of improvement; and presence and severity of treatment-related adverse events. Recommendations were also made for application in the clinical setting. Conclusions and Relevance: This core domain set for rosacea research is now available; its adoption by researchers may improve the usefulness of future trials of rosacea therapies by enabling meta-analyses and other comparisons across studies. This core domain set may also be useful in clinical practice.

Factors associated with the permission for child vaccination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with permission for child vaccination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, with parents/guardians of children aged up to 1 year, 11 months and 29 days, aged 18 years or older, with internet access and residents of the state of Alagoas. The collection was conducted between June 2021 and April 2022, using a structured instrument via Google forms®. Fisher's Exact and Pearson's chi-square statistical tests were used. RESULTS: A total of 94 parents/guardians participated. There was an association between permission for child vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic and higher education level of parents/guardians, with the lack of an educational bond with the child, and between parents/guardians who would allow the application of the COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSION: Permission for child vaccination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with higher education level of parents/guardians and the absence of educational bond of the child.

Trends in the Use of Lipases: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis.

Scientific mapping using bibliometric data network analysis was applied to analyze research works related to lipases and their industrial applications, evaluating the current state of research, challenges, and opportunities in the use of these biocatalysts, based on the evaluation of a large number of publications on the topic, allowing a comprehensive systematic data analysis, which had not yet been conducted in relation to studies specifically covering lipases and their industrial applications. Thus, studies involving lipase enzymes published from 2018 to 2022 were accessed from the Web of Science database. The extracted records result in the analysis of terms of bibliographic compatibility among the articles, co-occurrence of keywords, and co-citation of journals using the VOSviewer algorithm in the construction of bibliometric maps. This systematic review analysis of 357 documents, including original and review articles, revealed studies inspired by lipase enzymes in the research period, showing that the development of research, together with different areas of knowledge, presents good results related to the applications of lipases, due to information synchronization. Furthermore, this review showed the main challenges in lipase applications regarding increased production and operational stability; establishing well-defined evaluation criteria, such as cultivation conditions, activity, biocatalyst stability, type of support and reactor; thermodynamic studies; reuse cycles; and it can assist in defining goals for the development of successful large-scale applications, showing several points for improvement of future studies on lipase enzymes.

Prevenção de acidentes domésticos na primeira infância: uma revisão integrativa / Preventing domestic accidents in early childhood: an integrative review / Prevención de accidentes domésticos en la primera infancia: una revisión integradora

Introdução: A primeira infância é uma fase marcada por intenso desenvolvimento infantil, com o aperfeiçoamento de habilidades motoras, cognitivas e sensoriais. Em vista disso, as crianças são expostas a riscos e portanto, cuidados devem ser redobrados para prevenir acidentes, em especial no próprio lar. Objetivos: Identificar os riscos a que as crianças são expostas, bem como os trabalhos científicos que abordam a prevenção de acidentes domésticos na primeira infância. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura conduzida nas bases de dados: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF e SciELO. A avaliação, do nível de evidência dos artigos encontrados, foi obtida por meio do método Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. Resultados: Dez artigos atenderam aos critérios de busca estabelecidos. Os acidentes domésticos que se destacaram nos artigos foram: quedas, queimaduras, envenenamento e tombamento em aparelhos televisivos. Em relação ao ambiente familiar, foi notório que a maioria das famílias dos estudos analisados eram de baixa renda. Conclusão: Os pais ou responsáveis pelas crianças são essenciais para prevenir acidentes domésticos de variadas causas. Além disso, a atuação dos profissionais de saúde é primordial para desenvolver ou potencializar programas de prevenção, principalmente voltados para aqueles que são vulneráveis social ou economicamente, a fim de capacitar a população quanto à identificação e minimização dos riscos.

Introduction: Early childhood is a phase marked by intense child development, with improved motor, cognitive and sensory skills. Given this, children are exposed to risks and, therefore, must redouble care to prevent accidents, especially at home. Aim: To identify the risks to which children are exposed, as well as scientific works that address the prevention of domestic accidents in early childhood. Methods: This is an integrative literature review conducted in the following databases: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF, and SciELO. The level of evidence of the articles found was assessed using the Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine method. Results: Ten articles met the established search criteria. The domestic accidents that stood out in the articles were: falls, burns, poisoning, and tipping over television sets. Regarding the family environment, it was clear that most families in the analyzed studies were of low income. Conclusion: Parents or guardians of children are essential to prevent domestic accidents from various causes. In addition, the role of health professionals is necessary to develop or enhance prevention programs, mainly aimed at the socially or economically vulnerable, to train the population in identifying and minimizing risks.

Introducción: La primera infancia es una fase marcada por un intenso desarrollo infantil,con la mejora de las habilidades motoras, cognitivas y sensoriales. Así, los niños están expuestos a riesgos y, por lo tanto, los cuidados deben ser redoblados para prevenir accidentes, especialmente en el propio hogar. Objetivos: Identificar los riesgos a los que están expuestos los niños, así como trabajos científicos que aborden la prevención de accidentes domésticos en la primera infancia. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura realizada en las siguientes bases de datos: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF y SciELO. La evaluación, del nivel de evidencia de los artículos encontrados se obtuvo por medio del método Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine. Resultados: Diez artículos cumplieron con los criterios de búsqueda establecidos. Los accidentes domésticos que se destacaron en los artículos fueron: caídas, quemaduras, envenenamiento y caídas de televisión. Con relación al ambiente familiar, fue notorio que la mayoría de las familias en los estudios analizados eran de bajos ingresos. Conclusión: Los padres o responsables de los niños son fundamentales para prevenir accidentes domésticos por diversas causas. Además, el papel de los profesionales de la salud es fundamental para desarrollar o potencializar programas de prevención, principalmente dirigidos a personas en situación de vulnerabilidad social o económica, con el fin de capacitar a la población en la identificación y minimización de riesgos.

Clinical Cancer Research in South America and Potential Health Economic Impacts.

BACKGROUND: Increased global cancer incidence rates have led to a growing demand for cancer diagnosis and treatment, as well as basic and clinical research on the subject. The expansion of clinical cancer trials beyond the borders of highly developed countries has aided the arrival of these assessments in South American countries. In this context, this study's objective is to highlight clinical cancer trial profiles developed and sponsored by pharmaceutical companies and conducted in South American countries from 2010 to 2020. METHODS: This study comprises descriptive and retrospective research conducted following a search for clinical trials (phases I, II and III), registered at clinicaltrials.gov, carried out in Latin American countries and sponsored by pharmaceutical companies ("Argentina", "Brazil", "Chile", "Peru", "Colombia", "Ecuador", "Uruguay", "Venezuela", "Paraguay", "Bolivia"), registered between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2020. A total of 1451 clinical trials were retrieved, of which 200 trials unrelated to cancer were excluded and 646 duplicates were removed, leading to a final total of 605 clinical trials employing qualitative and quantitative analyses. RESULTS: A 122% increase in the number of clinical trial registrations from 2010 to 2020 was noted, with a prevalence of phase III studies (431 trials of a total of 605). Lung (119), breast (100), leukemia (42), prostate (39) and melanoma (32) were the main cancers tested for new drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The data reported herein indicate the need for strategic basic and clinical research planning that considers South American epidemic cancer profiles.

Factors associated with the permission for child vaccination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic / Factores asociados al permiso de vacunación infantil en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19 / Fatores associados à permissão da vacinação infantil no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify factors associated with permission for child vaccination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Cross-sectional study, with parents/guardians of children aged up to 1 year, 11 months and 29 days, aged 18 years or older, with internet access and residents of the state of Alagoas. The collection was conducted between June 2021 and April 2022, using a structured instrument via Google forms®. Fisher's Exact and Pearson's chi-square statistical tests were used. Results: A total of 94 parents/guardians participated. There was an association between permission for child vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic and higher education level of parents/guardians, with the lack of an educational bond with the child, and between parents/guardians who would allow the application of the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: Permission for child vaccination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with higher education level of parents/guardians and the absence of educational bond of the child.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a permitir la vacunación infantil en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Estudio transversal, con padres/tutores de niños de hasta 1 año, 11 meses y 29 días, con edad igual o superior a 18 años, con acceso a internet y residentes en el estado de Alagoas. La recolección se realizó entre junio de 2021 y abril de 2022, utilizando un instrumento estructurado a través de Google Forms®. Se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas Exacto de Fisher y chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Participaron 94 padres/tutores. Hubo asociación entre el permiso para la vacunación infantil durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y la escolaridad superior de los padres/tutores, con la falta de vínculo educativo con el niño, y entre los padres/tutores que permitirían la aplicación de la vacuna contra el COVID-19, si disponible. Conclusión: El permiso para la vacunación infantil en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 se asoció con la educación superior de los padres/tutores y la falta de vínculos educativos para el niño.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados à permissão da vacinação infantil no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Estudo transversal, com pais/responsáveis de crianças com até 1 ano 11 meses e 29 dias, idade maior ou igual a 18 anos, acesso à internet e residentes no estado de Alagoas. A coleta foi realizada entre junho de 2021 e abril de 2022, por instrumento estruturado via Google Forms®. Utilizou-se os testes estatísticos Exato de Fisher e o Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Participaram 94 pais/responsáveis. Houve associação da permissão da vacinação infantil durante a pandemia da COVID-19 com uma maior escolaridade dos pais/responsáveis, com a ausência de vínculo educacional da criança e entre os pais/responsáveis que permitiriam a aplicação da vacina da COVID-19, caso estivesse disponível. Conclusão: A permissão da vacinação infantil no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19 foi associada a maior escolaridade dos pais/responsáveis e a ausência de vinculação educacional da criança.

Diretrizes para organização, funcionamento e avaliação de farmácias de ensaios clínicos no Brasil: revisão de escopo / Guidelines for organization, operation and evaluation of clinical trials pharmacies in Brazil: a scope review

Resumo O desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos depende de etapas científicas que culminam nos ensaios clínicos em seres humanos. A farmácia de ensaios clínicos (FEC) é o local destinado ao recebimento, preparação, armazenamento e dispensação do produto investigacional (PI). Para tanto, deve possuir infraestrutura e procedimentos que garantam a segurança do participante e a qualidade da pesquisa. Este trabalho teve por objetivo sistematizar diretrizes para FEC no Brasil. Foi realizada uma revisão de escopo e as diretrizes foram organizadas utilizando o método de Ishikawa ("método 6Ms"). No total foram selecionadas 51 publicações, sendo 39 diretrizes e normas e 12 artigos científicos para cada "M"; 25 descreveram o ciclo de assistência farmacêutica (procedimentos para assegurar a segurança dos participantes, desde a requisição do produto até a destinação final), 14 indicadores de qualidade, 12 de recursos humanos, 11 de infraestrutura e recursos materiais e 5 descreveram PIs. para organização, funcionamento e avaliação de FEC no Brasil e corroboram a necessidade da presença do profissional farmacêutico no ciclo da assistência farmacêutica no contexto dos ensaios clínicos, contribuindo ainda na preparação para monitorias, auditorias e inspeções de agências regulatórias.

Abstract The development of new drugs depends on several scientific steps, which culminate in clinical trials. The clinical trials pharmacy (CTP) is the place for receiving, preparing, storing and dispensing the investigational product or study drug. Therefore, it must have infrastructure and procedures that guarantee participant safety and quality of research data. This study aimed to systematize guidelines for CTP in Brazil. We conducted a scope review and organized the results using the Ishikawa Method (6Ms). In total, 51 publications were selected for each "M", 39 laws, regulations or guidelines and 12 scientific articles: 25 publications for pharmaceutical services (pharmacy procedures to ensure participant safety from investigational product ordering to final disposition), 14 for Quality Indicators, 12 for Human Resources, 11 for Infrastructure, 11 for Material Resources and 5 for Investigational Product. Our results synthesize information for the organization, operation and evaluation of CTP in Brazil, emphasizes the inclusion of the pharmacist within the clinical trials context, and contributes to preparation for monitoring, auditing, and inspections conducted by regulatory agencies.

Guidelines for organization, operation and evaluation of clinical trials pharmacies in Brazil: a scope review. / Diretrizes para organização, funcionamento e avaliação de farmácias de ensaios clínicos no Brasil: revisão de escopo.

The development of new drugs depends on several scientific steps, which culminate in clinical trials. The clinical trials pharmacy (CTP) is the place for receiving, preparing, storing and dispensing the investigational product or study drug. Therefore, it must have infrastructure and procedures that guarantee participant safety and quality of research data. This study aimed to systematize guidelines for CTP in Brazil. We conducted a scope review and organized the results using the Ishikawa Method (6Ms). In total, 51 publications were selected for each "M", 39 laws, regulations or guidelines and 12 scientific articles: 25 publications for pharmaceutical services (pharmacy procedures to ensure participant safety from investigational product ordering to final disposition), 14 for Quality Indicators, 12 for Human Resources, 11 for Infrastructure, 11 for Material Resources and 5 for Investigational Product. Our results synthesize information for the organization, operation and evaluation of CTP in Brazil, emphasizes the inclusion of the pharmacist within the clinical trials context, and contributes to preparation for monitoring, auditing, and inspections conducted by regulatory agencies.

O desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos depende de etapas científicas que culminam nos ensaios clínicos em seres humanos. A farmácia de ensaios clínicos (FEC) é o local destinado ao recebimento, preparação, armazenamento e dispensação do produto investigacional (PI). Para tanto, deve possuir infraestrutura e procedimentos que garantam a segurança do participante e a qualidade da pesquisa. Este trabalho teve por objetivo sistematizar diretrizes para FEC no Brasil. Foi realizada uma revisão de escopo e as diretrizes foram organizadas utilizando o método de Ishikawa ("método 6Ms"). No total foram selecionadas 51 publicações, sendo 39 diretrizes e normas e 12 artigos científicos para cada "M"; 25 descreveram o ciclo de assistência farmacêutica (procedimentos para assegurar a segurança dos participantes, desde a requisição do produto até a destinação final), 14 indicadores de qualidade, 12 de recursos humanos, 11 de infraestrutura e recursos materiais e 5 descreveram PIs. para organização, funcionamento e avaliação de FEC no Brasil e corroboram a necessidade da presença do profissional farmacêutico no ciclo da assistência farmacêutica no contexto dos ensaios clínicos, contribuindo ainda na preparação para monitorias, auditorias e inspeções de agências regulatórias.

Enzymatic Synthesis of Fatty Acid Isoamyl Monoesters from Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate: A Renewable and Ecofriendly Base Stock for Lubricant Industries.

In this study, soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD), a mixture of free fatty acids and acylglycerides, and isoamyl alcohol were evaluated as substrates in the synthesis of fatty acid isoamyl monoesters catalyzed by Eversa (a liquid formulation of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase). SODD and the products were characterized by the chemical and physical properties of lubricant base stocks. The optimal conditions to produce isoamyl fatty acid esters were determined by response surface methodology (RSM) using rotational central composite design (RCCD, 23 factorial + 6 axial points + 5 replications at the central point); they were 1 mol of fatty acids (based on the SODD saponifiable index) to 2.5 mol isoamyl alcohol, 45 °C, and 6 wt.% enzymes (enzyme mass/SODD mass). The effect of the water content of the reactional medium was also studied, with two conditions of molecular sieve ratio (molecular sieve mass/SODD mass) selected as 39 wt.% (almost anhydrous reaction medium) and 9 wt.%. Ester yields of around 50 wt.% and 70 wt.% were reached after 50 h reaction, respectively. The reaction products containing 43.7 wt.% and 55.2 wt.% FAIE exhibited viscosity indices of 175 and 163.8, pour points of -6 °C and -9 °C, flash points of 178 and 104 °C, and low oxidative stability, respectively. Their properties (mainly very high viscosity indices) make them suitable to be used as base stocks in lubricant formulation industries.

Leishmanicidal activity of Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects millions of people, mostly in developing countries. Although this disease has a high impact on public health, there are few drug options to treat the different leishmaniasis forms. Additionally, these current therapies have various adverse effects, including gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, pancreatitis, and hepatotoxicity. Thus, it is essential to develop new drug prototypes to treat leishmaniasis. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the leishmanicidal activity of Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts and their O-acetylates, carboxylic acid derivatives, and acid and ester derivatives of 2-methyl-phenylpropanoids against Leishmania chagasi. Initially, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of 16 derivatives (1-16G) against J774A.1 macrophages. Eight derivatives (2G, 4G, 5G, 7G, 9G, 10G, 13G, and 15G) showed no cytotoxicity at up to the maximum concentration tested (100 µM). When evaluated for antileishmanial effect against promastigote forms, 1G, 6G, 8G, 10G, 11G, 13G, 14G, 15G, and 16G displayed significant toxicity compared to the control (0.1% DMSO). Additionally, the compounds 1G, 5G, 7G, 9G, 11G, 13G, 14G, and 16G reduced macrophage infection by amastigotes. Thus, we conclude that these derivatives have antileishmanial effects, particularly 1G, which showed activity against promastigotes and amastigotes, and low toxicity against macrophages.

Vivência com a doença crônica na infância: percepção da família / Experience with chronic disease in childhood: family's perception / Experiencia con enfermedad crónica en la infancia: percepción familiar

Objetivo: compreender a vivência da família no cuidado de crianças com doença crônica e as interfaces com a rede de atenção à saúde. Método: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo realizado em clínica pediátrica de hospital escola federal de Alagoas, após aprovação pelo comitê de ética. Os participantes foram familiares acompanhantes de crianças com doença crônica no processo de hospitalização. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de outubro de 2019 a março de 2020, mediante uso de formulário, entrevista, diários de campos e uso do prontuário. Para análise das informações utilizou-se a técnica de análise temática. Resultados: Foram apresentadas em temáticas emergentes das falas sendo a vivência marcada pela descoberta do diagnóstico, contexto socioeconômico da família, rede de apoio à família e profissional, aspectos clínicos da criança, complicações e processo de hospitalização. Conclusão: A família depara-se com lacunas relacionadas à integralidade em saúde, a continuidade do cuidado, ao sistema de referência e contra referência no Sistema Único de Saúde, a ineficiência nos processos de comunicação entre família-criança-profissionais e aponta a limitação de serviços e profissionais especializados para a assistência eficaz. (AU)

Objective: Understand the family's experience in the care of children with chronic illness and the interfaces with the health care network. Methods: Descriptive, qualitative study carried out in a pediatric clinic of a federal teaching hospital in Alagoas, after approval by the ethics committee. The participants were family members accompanying children with chronic illness during the hospitalization process. The data collection took place between the months of October 2019 and March 2020, using a form, an interview, field diaries and using the medical record. Thematic analysis technique was used to analyze the information. Results: They were presented in themes emerging from the speeches and the experience was marked by the discovery of the diagnosis, the family's socioeconomic context, the family and professional support network, the child's clinical aspects, complications and hospitalization process. Conclusion: The family is faced with gaps related to integrality in health, the continuity of care, to the referral and counter-referral system in the Unified Health System, the inefficiency in the communication processes between family-child-professionals and points out the limitation of services and specialized professionals for effective assistance. (AU)

Objetivo: Comprender la experiencia de la familia en el cuidado de niños con enfermedades crónicas y las interfaces con la red asistencial. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo cualitativo realizado en una clínica pediátrica de un hospital universitario federal de Alagoas, previa aprobación del comité de ética. Los participantes eran familiares que acompañaban a niños con enfermedades crónicas durante el proceso de hospitalización. La recolección de datos se realizó entre los meses de octubre de 2019 y marzo de 2020, mediante formulario, entrevista, diarios de campo y utilizando la historia clínica. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis temático para analizar la información. Resultados: Se presentaron en temas emergentes de los discursos y la experiencia estuvo marcada por el descubrimiento del diagnóstico, el contexto socioeconómico de la familia, la red de apoyo familiar y profesional, los aspectos clínicos del niño, las complicaciones y el proceso de internación. Conclusión: La familia enfrenta brechas relacionadas con la integralidad en salud, la continuidad de la atención, el sistema de derivación y contrarreferencia en el Sistema Único de Salud, la ineficiencia en los procesos de comunicación entre familia-niño-profesionales y señala la limitación de servicios y profesionales especializados para una asistencia eficaz. (AU)

Theory of mind in Portuguese school children: An exploratory study / Teoría de la mente en niños escolares portugueses: un estudio exploratorio

Introduction and objectives: Theory of mind (ToM) has been studied as well as children's mental states in relation to their everyday behaviour and is indispensable for skilled communication. Considering the importance of measuring ToM in school children, the aim of this exploratory investigation was to apply a preliminary Portuguese version of the ToM Picture Stories Task in a sample of school children aged from 6 to 8 years and to analyze the impact of individual differences (e.g. gender, parent's age, educational level, number of siblings) on task performance. Purpose: This article analyses ToM performance in a sample of 103 Portuguese school children in a public school. Method: Two stories of the ToM Pictures Sequencing Task were used to assess ToM competence in a sample of 103 participants (54 females and 49 males) aged from 6 to 8 years. Individual differences (e.g., gender, number of siblings, parents educational levels and age) were also considered. Results: The results showed good performances in story 1, but not as good in story 2. Positive correlations were found between age and year of schooling and performance in ToM tasks. Conclusion: Future research is needed regarding the influence of cognitive and linguistic skills in high-order ToM skills in school children.(AU)

Introducción y objetivos: La teoría de la mente (TM) ha sido estudiada como los estados mentales de los niños en relación con su comportamiento cotidiano, y es indispensable para la comunicación. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de medir la TM en niños en edad escolar, el objetivo de esta investigación exploratoria fue aplicar una versión preliminar portuguesa de la tarea TM Picture Stories Task en una muestra de niños en edad escolar de 6 a 8 años y analizar el impacto de las diferencias individuales (p. ej., género, edad de los padres, nivel educativo, número de hermanos) en el desempeño de la tarea. Objetivo: El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar las habilidades de la TM en 103 niños portugueses. Metodología: Participaron 103 participantes (54 mujeres y 49 varones) con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y los 8 años. Todos fueron evaluados con dos pruebas de TM «Theory of Mind Pictures Sequencing Task». Resultados: Los resultados mostraron un buen desempeño en la historia 1, pero no tan bueno en la historia 2. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas entre la edad y el año de escolarización y el desempeño en tareas de la TM. Conclusiones: Futura investigación es necesaria en relación con la TM en la influencia de las habilidades cognitivas y lingüísticas de los niños.(AU)

A Validated Mathematical Model of the Cytokine Release Syndrome in Severe COVID-19.

By June 2021, a new contagious disease, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected more than 172 million people worldwide, causing more than 3.7 million deaths. Many aspects related to the interactions of the disease's causative agent, SAR2-CoV-2, and the immune response are not well understood: the multiscale interactions among the various components of the human immune system and the pathogen are very complex. Mathematical and computational tools can help researchers to answer these open questions about the disease. In this work, we present a system of fifteen ordinary differential equations that models the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. The model is used to investigate the hypothesis that the SARS-CoV-2 infects immune cells and, for this reason, induces high-level productions of inflammatory cytokines. Simulation results support this hypothesis and further explain why survivors have lower levels of cytokines levels than non-survivors.

Práticas integrativas e complementares no cuidado em saúde de crianças: revisão integrativa / Integrative and Complementary Practices in children's health care: Integrative Review

Objetivos: Identificar trabalhos científicos que abordem a utilização das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em crianças, como forma do cuidado em saúde. Métodos: Revisão integrativa conduzida nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Scientific Electronic Library Online e Base de Dados de Enfermagem em maio de 2020. A avaliação, do nível de evidência, foi obtida por meio do método Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. Resultados: Onze estudos atenderam aos critérios estabelecidos. A literatura científica carece de dados que permitam caracterizar o uso das terapias complementares, no público infantil, com uma maior consistência. Mesmo assim, foi possível detectar a variedade dessas, bem como a prevalência. Conclusões: As práticas Integrativas e Complementares fundamentam-se em um reducionismo biológico e constituem hoje um importante aliado no fortalecimento das políticas públicas de saúde. Em virtude disso, é bastante usada em crianças devido ao impacto benéfico em suas vidas. (AU)

Objectives: To identify scientific works that address the use of Integrative and Complementary Practices in children, as a form of health care. Methods: Integrative review conducted in the databases of Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Scientific Electronic Library Online and Nursing Database in May 2020. The assessment, of the level of evidence, was obtained using the Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine method. Results: Eleven studies met the established criteria. The scientific literature lacks data to characterize the use of complementary therapies, in children, with greater consistency. Even so, it was possible to detect the variety of these, as well as the prevalence. Conclusions: Integrative and Complementary practices are based on biological reductionism and today constitute an important ally in strengthening public health policies. As a result, it is widely used in children due to the beneficial impact on their lives. (AU)

Objetivos: identificar trabajos científicos que aborden el uso de prácticas integradoras y complementarias en los niños, como una forma de atención médica. Métodos: Revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos de Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Sistema de Análisis y Recuperación de Literatura Médica en línea, Biblioteca electrónica científica en línea y Base de datos de enfermería en mayo de 2020. La evaluación, del nivel de La evidencia se obtuvo utilizando el método del Centro de Oxford para la Medicina basada en la Evidencia. Resultados: Once estudios cumplieron los criterios establecidos. La literatura científica carece de datos para caracterizar el uso de terapias complementarias, en niños, con mayor consistencia. Aun así, fue posible detectar la variedad de estos, así como la prevalencia. Conclusiones: las prácticas integradoras y complementarias se basan en el reduccionismo biológico y hoy son un aliado importante para fortalecer las políticas de salud pública. Como resultado, se usa ampliamente en niños debido al impacto beneficioso en sus vidas. (AU)

Common Mental Disorder and early interruption of exclusive maternal breastfeeding in Quilombola women: a population-based study / Transtorno mental comum e interrupção precoce do aleitamento materno exclusivo em mulheres quilombolas: estudo de base populacional

Abstract Objectives: to investigate the prevalence of exclusive maternal breastfeeding (EMBF) and evaluate whether common mental disorder (CMD) and other predictors promote its early interruption (EI-EMBF4). Methods: a cross-sectional study involving all children <24 months (n=252) residing in 50% (n=34) of the Quilombola communities in Alagoas. The EI-EMBF4 was established when EMBF was ≤4 months. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire was used to identify the occurrence of CMD. Other predictors were obtained through interviews. The measure of association was the prevalence ratio calculated by the Poisson regression, following a hierarchical theoretical model. The prevalence of EMBF for 4 and 6 months, and its median duration (survival analysis) were calculated. Results: the prevalence of EI-EMBF4 and CMD was 57.6% and 42.9%, respectively. The risk factors independently associated with EI-EMBF4 were: living in a mud house, maternal age ≤18 years, low birth weight and the use of a pacifier or baby bottle. There was no association with CMD. The prevalence of EMBF for four and six months was 42.4% and 25.4%, respectively, and the median duration was 106 days. Conclusion: EMBF indicators are below the established recommendations, justifying the implementation of measures that prioritize women subjected to risk factors identified here. CMD is not configured among these.

Resumo Objetivos: investigar a prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e se o transtorno mental comum (TMC) e outros preditores promovem sua interrupção precoce (IP- AME4). Métodos: estudo transversal envolvendo todas as crianças <24 meses (n=252) residentes em 50% (n=34) das comunidades quilombolas de Alagoas. A IP-AME4 foi definida quando o AME foi ≤ 4 meses. Utilizou-se o Self-Reporting Questionnaire para identificar o TMC. Outros preditores foram obtidos por meio de entrevista. A medida de associação foi a razão de prevalência calculada por regressão de Poisson, seguindo modelo teórico hierárquico. Foram calculadas as prevalências de AME por 4 e 6 meses e sua duração mediana (análise de sobrevivência). Resultados: as prevalências de IP-AME4 e do TMC foram 57,6% e 42,9%, respectivamente. Os fatores de risco independentemente associados à IP-AME4 foram: residir em casa de taipa, idade materna ≤18 anos, baixo peso ao nascer e uso de chupeta ou de mamadeira. Não houve associação com TMC. As prevalências do AME por quatro e por seis meses foram 42,4% e 25,4%, nessa ordem, e a duração mediana foi de 106 dias. Conclusão: os indicadores de AME estão aquém das metas estabelecidas, justificando a implementação de medidas que atuem sobre os fatores de risco aqui identificados, sendo que o TMC não se configura entre esses.

Reviewing research on the synthesis of CALB-catalyzed sugar esters incorporating systematic mapping principles.

Rigorous evidence reviews must follow specific guidelines designed to improve transparency, reproducibility, and to minimize biases to which traditional reviews are susceptible. While evidence synthesis methods, such as systematic reviews and maps, have been used in several research fields, the majority of reviews published in the realm of chemical engineering are nonsystematic. In this study, we incorporated principles of systematic mapping to conduct a literature review covering research on the synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters (SFAE) with Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). Our results showed that the simple monosaccharides were the most cited sugars among studies we conducted. The direct use of renewable raw materials and frequently available resources to produce alternative sugar esters (SE) was scarcely reported in our data set. We found that free fatty acids (FFA) were the most commonly cited acyl donors amongst all publications, with lauric, oleic, and palmitic acids accounting for ∼43% of the occurrences. Tertiary alcohols (ter-butyl alcohol (T-but) and 2-methyl-2-butanol (2M2B)) and ionic liquids were the most used solvents to synthesize SE. The co-occurence analysis of keywords involving solvent terms showed that most of the papers evaluated different solvents as reaction media (mostly in the form of a bisolvent system), also investigating the impact of their choice on sugar ester productivities. Given the potential of reviews informing us of research decisions, this article reveals trends and spaces across CALB-catalyzed SE synthesis research, in addition to introducing a new methodological perspective for developing reviews in the field of chemical engineering.

Active coatings based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and silver nanoparticles to extend the papaya (Carica papaya L.) shelf life.

This study aimed to understand the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on physiochemical properties of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) film-forming solutions (FFS) and nanocomposite films (NCF), as well as the efficacy of these materials to control the development of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in papaya (Carica papaya L.). FFS were characterized by pH, particle size distribution, and rheology. In addition, thickness, morphology, water contact angle, barrier, chemical, crystallinity, thermal, and mechanical properties from NCF were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration of AgNPs against C. gloeosporioides was determined by in vitro test. FFS with 0.25 wt% of AgNPs were used as coatings in papayas inoculated with C. gloeosporioides. Finally, the physicochemical parameters were investigated during their storing up to 7 days at 10 °C, followed by 7 days at 20 °C. The presence of AgNPs impacted the thickness, morphology, moisture content, chemical bonds, crystalline structure, and thermal properties of films. Coatings with 0.25 wt% of AgNPs reduced the incidence and severity of C. gloeosporioides and avoided the weight loss of papayas during storing. The ripening of papaya occurred naturally, showing that the coating only delayed this process. Thus, HPMC-AgNPs coating can be an alternative to extend the papaya shelf life.

Neuroprotective effects of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, a slow-release sulfide donor, in a rodent model of regional stroke.

BACKGROUND: Several therapeutic strategies to rescue the brain from ischemic injury have improved outcomes after stroke; however, there is no treatment as yet for reperfusion injury, the secondary damage caused by necessary revascularization. Recently we characterized ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM), a drug used as a copper chelator over many decades in humans, as a new class of sulfide donor that shows efficacy in preclinical injury models. We hypothesized that ATTM could confer neuroprotection in a relevant rodent model of regional stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS: Brain ischemia was induced by transient (90-min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in anesthetized Wistar rats. To mimic a clinical scenario, ATTM (or saline) was administered intravenously just prior to reperfusion. At 24 h or 7 days post-reperfusion, rats were assessed using functional (rotarod test, spontaneous locomotor activity), histological (infarct size), and molecular (anti-oxidant enzyme capacity, oxidative damage, and inflammation) outcome measurements. ATTM-treated animals showed improved functional activity at both 24 h and 7-days post-reperfusion, in parallel with a significant reduction in infarct size. These effects were additionally associated with increased brain antioxidant enzyme capacity, decreased oxidative damage, and a late (7-day) effect on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and nitric oxide products. CONCLUSION: ATTM confers significant neuroprotection that, along with its known safety profile in humans, provides encouragement for its development as a novel adjunct therapy for revascularization following stroke.

Construção de cartilha educativa sobre cuidados com crianças frente à pandemia covid-19: relato de experiência / Construcción de un folleto educativo sobre el cuidado infantil frente a la pandemia covid-19: informe de experiencia / Construction of an educational booklet on child care before the covid-19 pandemic: experience report

Objetivo relatar a experiência da produção e divulgação de tecnologia, em forma de cartilha educativa, para informar e orientar sobre os cuidados com as crianças frente à pandemia da COVID-19. Metodologia trata-se de relato de experiência sobre a construção de uma cartilha on-line e gratuita, tendo como público-alvo crianças a partir de dois anos de idade, os pais ou responsáveis e a comunidade. A construção foi realizada por estudantes de enfermagem, em maio de 2020. Resultados a construção da cartilha possibilitou a integração entre pesquisadoras, educadores e comunidade. O produto foi amplamente divulgado e houve retorno positivo das orientações passadas de forma lúdica, fidedignas e acessíveis. Conclusão a experiência oportunizou a disseminação de informações seguras, com fontes confiáveis e embasamento científico, além da integração das pesquisadoras à comunidade. Ampliou o vínculo extramuros da Universidade, fator imprescindível para atuação junto à população.

Objetivo informar la experiencia de la producción y difusión de tecnología, en forma de folleto educativo, para informar y orientar sobre el cuidado de los niños frente a la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología este es un informe de experiencia sobre la construcción de un folleto en línea y gratuito, dirigido a niños a partir de dos años de edad, padres o tutores y la comunidad. La construcción fue llevada a cabo por estudiantes de enfermería en mayo de 2020. Resultados la construcción del folleto permitió la integración entre investigadores, educadores y la comunidad. El producto fue ampliamente difundido y hubo un retorno positivo de las orientaciones anteriores de una manera lúdica, fiable y accesible. Conclusión la experiencia permitió la difusión de información segura, con fuentes fiables y base científica, además de la integración de los investigadores en la comunidad. Amplió el vínculo extramuros de la Universidad, un factor indispensable para trabajar con la población.

Objective to report the experience of producing and disseminating technology as an educational booklet, to inform and guide about the childcare before the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology this is an experience report on the construction of an online and free booklet, targeting children from two years of age, parents or guardians and the community. The construction was carried out by nursing students in May 2020. Results the construction of the booklet allowed integrating researchers, educators and the community. The product was widely disseminated and there was a positive return of the provided guidelines in a playful, reliable and accessible way. Conclusion the experience allowed for the dissemination of safe information, with reliable sources and scientific basis, in addition to integrating researchers into the community. It expanded the extramural bond of the University, an indispensable factor for working with the population.