Added sugar and trans fatty acid intake and sedentary behavior were associated with excess total-body and central adiposity in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease.

BACKGROUND: Over the past three decades, the prevalence rate of overweight and obesity has increased in survivors with congenital heart disease, and little is known about the body composition and its association with clinical characteristics and lifestyle factors. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate excess total-body adiposity and central adiposity and, to describe associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with children and adolescents who underwent procedure to treat congenital heart disease, from January to July 2017. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and lifestyle factors (dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behavior) were assessed. Adiposity was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography and waist circumference. Factors associated with excess total-body adiposity and central adiposity were analyzed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of 232 patients, 22.4% were identified with excess total-body adiposity and 24.6% with central adiposity. Significant factors positively associated with excess total-body adiposity were intake of added sugar and trans fatty acids, adjusted for confounding factors. Similarly, lifestyle factors were positively associated with central adiposity: intake of added sugar and trans fatty acids, sedentary behavior, and family history of obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Lifestyle factors were associated with excess total-body adiposity and central adiposity. Assessment of body composition and healthy-lifestyle counseling into outpatient care may be the key point to prevent obesity in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease.

Identificação imuno-histoquímica de VEGF e IGF-1 em ovários de cadelas no anestro e estro / Immunohistochemical identification of VEGF and IGF-1 in ovaries of bitches on anestrus and estrus

Com o objetivo de verificar a presença de VEGF e IGF-1 nos ovários de cadelas, foram realizadas análises imuno-histoquímicas do estroma cortical; teca e granulosa de folículos secundários, terciários e terciários pré-ovulatórios luteinizados; e ovócitos de folículos primários, secundários e terciários de ovários de cinco cadelas em anestro (Anest) e cinco em estro (Est). A identificação das fases do ciclo estral foi realizada por citologia vaginal associada a dosagem plasmática de progesterona. Os ovários foram submetidos a tratamento imuno-histoquímico para identificação de VEGF (anticorpo primário PU 360-UP, Biogenex, USA; diluição 1:30) e IGF-1 (anticorpo primário PabCa, Gro-Pep, Austrália; diluição 1:100). Determinou-se um índice de imunomarcação (IM), para cada tecido avaliado, pela razão entre a área positivamente marcada dividida pela área total analisada. Para os ovócitos, verificou-se imunomarcação positiva ou negativa. As comparações de IM entre tecidos foram realizadas pelo teste de Wilcoxon (diferentes tecidos em mesmo grupo) ou Mann-Whitney (mesmo tecido entre diferentes grupos), todas no nível de 5% de significância. VEGF e IGF-1 foram identificados, de forma semelhante (P>0,05), em todas as estruturas avaliadas em ambos os grupos experimentais. Conclui-se que esses fatores de crescimento estão presentes em cadelas no anestro e estro, no estroma cortical ovariano, folículos em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento e ovócitos.(AU)

In order to verify the presence of VEGF and IGF-1 in the ovaries of bitches, immunohistochemical analyzes of the cortical stroma; theca and granulosa of secondary, tertiary and tertiary luteinized preovulatory follicles; and oocytes of primary, secondary and tertiary follicles of ovaries from five bitches in anestrous (Anest) and five in estrus (Est) was performed. The identification of the phases of the estrous cycle was performed by vaginal cytology associated with the measurement of plasma progesterone. The ovaries were treated for immunohistochemical identification of VEGF (PU 360 primary antibody-UP, Biogenex, USA, dilution 1:30) and IGF-1 (primary antibody PabCa, Gro-Pep, Australia; 1:100 dilution). The immunostaining index (MI) was determined for each tissue by the ratio of positively marked area divided by total analyzed area. For oocytes immunostaining was determined as positive or negative. Comparisons of IM between tissues were performed with the Wilcoxon test (deferent tissues in the same group) or Mann-Whitney test (same tissue between different groups), all at 5% significance level. VEGF and IGF-1 have been similarly identified (P>0.05) in all structures evaluated in both groups. It is concluded that in bitches in estrus and anestrous these growth factors are present in ovary cortical stroma, follicles at different stages of development and oocytes.(AU)

Identificação imuno-histoquímica de VEGF e IGF-1 em ovários de cadelas no anestro e estro / Immunohistochemical identification of VEGF and IGF-1 in ovaries of bitches on anestrus and estrus

Com o objetivo de verificar a presença de VEGF e IGF-1 nos ovários de cadelas, foram realizadas análises imuno-histoquímicas do estroma cortical; teca e granulosa de folículos secundários, terciários e terciários pré-ovulatórios luteinizados; e ovócitos de folículos primários, secundários e terciários de ovários de cinco cadelas em anestro (Anest) e cinco em estro (Est). A identificação das fases do ciclo estral foi realizada por citologia vaginal associada a dosagem plasmática de progesterona. Os ovários foram submetidos a tratamento imuno-histoquímico para identificação de VEGF (anticorpo primário PU 360-UP, Biogenex, USA; diluição 1:30) e IGF-1 (anticorpo primário PabCa, Gro-Pep, Austrália; diluição 1:100). Determinou-se um índice de imunomarcação (IM), para cada tecido avaliado, pela razão entre a área positivamente marcada dividida pela área total analisada. Para os ovócitos, verificou-se imunomarcação positiva ou negativa. As comparações de IM entre tecidos foram realizadas pelo teste de Wilcoxon (diferentes tecidos em mesmo grupo) ou Mann-Whitney (mesmo tecido entre diferentes grupos), todas no nível de 5% de significância. VEGF e IGF-1 foram identificados, de forma semelhante (P>0,05), em todas as estruturas avaliadas em ambos os grupos experimentais. Conclui-se que esses fatores de crescimento estão presentes em cadelas no anestro e estro, no estroma cortical ovariano, folículos em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento e ovócitos.(AU)

In order to verify the presence of VEGF and IGF-1 in the ovaries of bitches, immunohistochemical analyzes of the cortical stroma; theca and granulosa of secondary, tertiary and tertiary luteinized preovulatory follicles; and oocytes of primary, secondary and tertiary follicles of ovaries from five bitches in anestrous (Anest) and five in estrus (Est) was performed. The identification of the phases of the estrous cycle was performed by vaginal cytology associated with the measurement of plasma progesterone. The ovaries were treated for immunohistochemical identification of VEGF (PU 360 primary antibody-UP, Biogenex, USA, dilution 1:30) and IGF-1 (primary antibody PabCa, Gro-Pep, Australia; 1:100 dilution). The immunostaining index (MI) was determined for each tissue by the ratio of positively marked area divided by total analyzed area. For oocytes immunostaining was determined as positive or negative. Comparisons of IM between tissues were performed with the Wilcoxon test (deferent tissues in the same group) or Mann-Whitney test (same tissue between different groups), all at 5% significance level. VEGF and IGF-1 have been similarly identified (P>0.05) in all structures evaluated in both groups. It is concluded that in bitches in estrus and anestrous these growth factors are present in ovary cortical stroma, follicles at different stages of development and oocytes.(AU)

Characteristics of newly diagnosed women with breast cancer: a comparison with the recommendations of the WCRF/AICR Second Report.

INTRODUCTION: The Second Expert Report, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective from World Cancer Research Fund/ American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR), features general and special recommendations for cancer prevention. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate nutritional and lifestyle characteristics of newly diagnosed women with breast cancer according to WCRF/AICR Second Report recommendations. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 133 women. Diet data were obtained from a food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric data by standard procedures. The characteristics of study population were evaluated in comparison with the recommendations of the WCRF/AICR Second Report. RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 51.6 ± 10.98 (range 28-78) years; 35% was obese and 51% had waist circumference higher than the maximum cut-off value. Regarding life style, 80% of participants were sedentary, 89% reported diet presenting energy density higher than 125 kcal/100 g, 51% reported consumption of fruits and vegetables lower than 400 g/day, and 47% reported high consumption of red or processed meat (≥ 500 g per week). Just 3% related consumption of alcoholic beverages above the recommendation (15 g/day), 82% presented the intake of sodium lower than the limit recommended (2.4 g/day), and the use of dietary supplements was reported by 11% of the subjects. Finally 51% of women reported breast feeding for less than 6 months. CONCLUSION: Inadequacies were observed related to behavior factors that can result in weight gain, such as inadequate physical activity and high energy density diet.

Factors associated with oxidative stress in women with breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between physiological, physical, lifestyle and nutritional variables and oxidative stress biomarkers in women with breast cancer. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 55 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. The extent of oxidative stress was analyzed by the measurement of plasma lipid hydroperoxides (LH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl, whole blood reduced glutathione (GSH) and serum antioxidant capacity (AC). Diet data were obtained from food frequency questionnaire. Linear regression was used to determine the association between the variables studied and oxidative stress biomarkers. The protein carbonyl data was not included in the linear regression analyses since the data did not show a normal distribution, even after logarithmic and other transformations. RESULTS: After adjusting for energy intake, the intake of chicken and high-fat dairy products was associated with increased levels of LH, while vitamin E intake was associated with decreased LH levels (R² = 23.8%). Intake of oils was associated with increased levels of TBARS (R² = 6.82%). Positive axillary lymph node status was associated with decreased levels of GSH (R² = 9.31%). Increasing age was directly associated with levels of AC, while animal fat, dairy product, and sweet food intakes were associated with low levels of AC (R² = 41.42%). CONCLUSION: Intake of chicken, vitamin E, dairy products (particularly high-fat dairy products), oils, animal fat, and sweet foods, along with axillary lymph node status and age, may be important determinants of oxidative stress in women with breast cancer.

Dietary intake and oxidative stress in breast cancer: before and after treatments.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in dietary intake, anthropometric parameters and markers of oxidative stress in 40 women who underwent surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy for breast cancer. METHODS: Pretreatment and post-treatment measurements included data collected through a food frequency questionnaire, weight and height to calculate the body mass index (BMI) and oxidative stress markers assessed from blood reduced glutathione (GSH), serum antioxidant capacity (AC), plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), serum lipid hydroperoxides (LH) and plasma carbonyls. Differences were compared using paired Student's t-test or paired Wilcoxon's test. RESULTS: A significant increase (P < 0.05) in the intake of the food groups: meat and eggs, dairy products, beans, oils and fats, as well as food from the subgroups: red meat, milk and other dairy products rich in fat, fruit rich in vitamin C and vegetable fats was found after treatments. There was a significant increase in body weight (P < 0.05), BMI (P < 0.05), levels of TBARS (P < 0.0001), LH (P < 0.005) and carbonyls (P < 0.0001) and a significant decrease of levels of AC (P < 0.005) and GSH (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Breast cancer diagnosis and treatments were associated with dietary intake changes and increased body weight, BMI and oxidative stress. These potential changes have important implications for preventive nutrition counseling.

Breast cancer in southern Brazil: association with past dietary intake.

OBJECTIVE: To determine possible associations between the risk of breast cancer in Brazilian women and demographic, social and economical variables, and past dietary intake. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil, between june and november 2003 involving a group of 33 women recently diagnosed with breast cancer and a control group of 33 healthy women volunteers. Personal details, health history and past dietary intake were obtained via questionnaires and interviews. Data between groups were compared using chi2, Fisher, and Student's t test, whilst associations were evaluated using a non-conditional logistic regression method and odds ratio (OR). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between the two groups were revealed with respect to age distribution (P = 0.007), family income level (P = 0.02), educational level (P < 0.0001) and attainment of menopause (P < 0.0001). After adjustment, with regard to family income level, of the data concerning past dietary intake, the consumption of pig lard (OR = 6.32) and fatty red meat (OR = 3.48) were found to be associated with an increase in the risk of breast cancer. The regular ingestion of apples (OR = 0.30), watermelons (OR = 0.31), tomatoes (OR = 0.16), plain cakes (OR = 0.30) and desserts (OR = 0.20) afforded some degree of protection against the development of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Age (> 45 years), low family income (< $520/month), poor educational level (primary school level or lower) and past regular consumption of pork fat and fatty meat may be factors associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.

Sexual dimorphism and seasonal variation in submandibular gland histology of Bolomys lasiurus (Rodentia, Muridae).

Wild rodents (Bolomys lasiurus) of both sexes were caught in a cerrado grassland area during the dry (July-September) and rainy (January-March) seasons of Brazil. Fasted animals were perfused with Karnovsky fixative through the left ventricle, under ether anesthesia, and the submandibular gland was processed for embedding in historesin. Histological and histometric data show sexual dimorphism at both seasons. In the volume percentage of the granular convoluted tubules (GCT) and their secretory granules, the males exhibited higher values. The absolute volume occupied by these structures, however, was dimorphic only in the rainy season. The diameter of the GCT, the height of its epithelium, and its total length were also greater in males during the rainy season. The absolute volumes of the acini and of the ductal tree were identical in both sexes in the dry and rainy seasons but the acinar diameter increased in the males and females during the rainy season. The sexual dimorphism and the seasonal variations now described in the B. lasiurus submandibular glands could be explained by the augmented reproductive activity of the males in the rainy period.