ABSTRACT
AIM: This in vitro study was to evaluate the endogenous pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids content (TSSC) and nonreducing sugars of energy drinks. METHODS: Nine energy drinks (Bad Boy Power Drink, Red Bull, Red Bull Sugar Free, Flying Horse, Burn, Night Power, Flash Power, Flying Horse Light and 220V) were evaluated by a randomised experiment with 3 repetitions on each sample. pH analysis performed by potentiometry and buffering capacity was assessed by dilution of each drink. Increments of 0.1 N KOH were titrated until neutrality reached. TSSC readings were performed by Brix refractometry using an Abbé refractometer. RESULTS: pH values ranged from 1.52 (Flash Power) to 3.20 (Red Bull) and all drinks showed pH 5.5. Titratable acidity values ranged from 0.56 (220V) to 1.04 (Bad Boy Power Drink). Flying Horse Light presented the lowest TSSC content (1.66%) and Flying Horse presented the highest (12.58%). Non-reducing sugars values ranged from 0.00% (Red Bull Sugar Free and Flying Horse Light) to 54.33% (Flying Horse). CONCLUSION: The energy drinks evaluated have a high erosive potential, as they present low pH and a high non-reducing sugar content.
Subject(s)
Beverages/adverse effects , Tooth Erosion/chemically induced , Acids/analysis , Acids/chemistry , Beverages/analysis , Buffers , Caffeine/analysis , Carbohydrates/analysis , Glucuronates/analysis , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydroxides/chemistry , Indicators and Reagents , Inositol/analysis , Paullinia , Plant Extracts/analysis , Potassium Compounds/chemistry , Potentiometry , Sucrose/analysis , Taurine/analysis , Titrimetry , Vitamin B Complex/analysisSubject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Intestinal Neoplasms , Intestine, SmallABSTRACT
Os autores estudam a pancreatite aguda biliar, dela abordando inicialmente a patogenia. Sao analisados 18 casos operados.Primeiramente e levantada a copia de fatores etiologicos, dentro da area biliar.Fica ressaltado que a maioria dos pacientes apresentam micro-calculos, que se responsabilizam pela eclosao do processo; neste caso, o sexo mais atingido e o feminino e a faixa etaria mais baixa. Quando a razao causal de pancreatite e a lesao ampular, a distribuicao entre os sexos e identica e a idade atingida, mais elevada. Na maioria dos casos a lesao pancreatica e do tipo edematosa e o quadro clinico, benigno. A evolucao no sentido da necrose e da cronificacao pode ocorrer: no presente material ocorreu um exemplo de cada eventualidade.E defendida, portanto a indicacao cirurgica precoce, com o objetivo de evitar semelhante evolucao maligna. Sao apresentados os resultados, onde pontificam um obito e 2 pacientes com morbilidade devida a estenose papilar
