RFamide-related Peptide 3 Signaling via Neuropeptide FF Receptor Stimulates Prolactin Secretion in Female Rats.

The RF-amide peptides comprise a family of neuropeptides that includes the kisspeptin (Kp), the natural ligand of kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r), and the RFamide-related peptide 3 (RFRP-3) that binds preferentially to the neuropeptide FF receptor 1 (Npffr1). Kp stimulates prolactin (PRL) secretion through the inhibition of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons. Because Kp also has affinity to Npffr1, we investigated the role of Npffr1 in the control of PRL secretion by Kp and RFRP-3. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Kp increased PRL and LH secretion in ovariectomized, estradiol-treated rats. The unselective Npffr1 antagonist RF9 prevented these responses, whereas the selective antagonist GJ14 altered PRL but not LH levels. The ICV injection of RFRP-3 in ovariectomized, estradiol-treated rats increased PRL secretion, which was associated with a rise in the dopaminergic activity in the median eminence, but had no effect on LH levels. The RFRP-3-induced increase in PRL secretion was prevented by GJ14. Moreover, the estradiol-induced PRL surge in female rats was blunted by GJ14, along with an amplification of the LH surge. Nevertheless, whole-cell patch clamp recordings showed no effect of RFRP-3 on the electrical activity of TIDA neurons in dopamine transporter-Cre recombinase transgenic female mice. We provide evidence that RFRP-3 binds to Npffr1 to stimulate PRL release, which plays a role in the estradiol-induced PRL surge. This effect of RFRP-3 is apparently not mediated by a reduction in the inhibitory tone of TIDA neurons but possibly involves the activation of a hypothalamic PRL-releasing factor.

Associations between Lifestyle and Sociodemographic Factors in Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study.

Background: Identifying lifestyle characteristics in higher education can lead to effective interventions that benefit both individuals and communities. Methods: This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted on medical students of a private university using the Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire (FLQ) to assess healthy lifestyles, as well as a custom sociodemographic questionnaire. Additionally, correlations among sociodemographic factors and alcohol intake, activity, tobacco and toxins, family and friends, insight, nutrition, type of behavior, career, sleep, seatbelt, stress, and safe sex domains were assessed. Results: This study assessed 188 lifestyle profiles, of which 148 have complete data for evaluating the total FLQ score. The majority of evaluated lifestyles were characterized as "good (42.5%)" and "very good (35.8%)", and correlations were identified between the total FLQ score and between the preclinical and later course phases, the 18-20 years and older age brackets, and any romantic relationship and being single. Additional associations were observed for the other domains with other sociodemographic factors. Conclusion: Medical students frequently present with a lifestyle that may be improved through various targeted interventions.

Fertility Does not Quarantine: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Impacts on in Vitro Fertilization Clinical Pregnancy Rates.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinical pregnancy rates and analyze factors that may have influenced their outcome. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary-care Brazilian fertility center. All fresh IVF and embryo warming cycles performed from March 11 to December 31, 2018-2021 were analyzed, and their data were used to calculate fertilization, embryo cleavage, cycle cancellation, embryo transfer (ET), and clinical pregnancy rates. Statistical tests were used to evaluate the alterations found. Logistic regression models were used to explore the association of the categorical variables with the observed clinical pregnancy rates. Data from 2018 and 2019 (prepandemic) and 2020 and 2021 (pandemic) were grouped. RESULTS: A total of 756 cycles were analyzed (n = 360 prepandemic and n = 396 pandemic). The age group of the patients, fertilization rates, and cleavage rates did not have significant differences (p > 0.05). There was a reduction in the percentage of fresh IVF and an increase in embryo warming cycles (p = 0.005) during the pandemic. There was also an increase in fresh cycle cancellations (p < 0.001) and a reduction in ET rates (p < 0.001). The pandemic had a negative impact on clinical pregnancy rates (p < 0.001) especially due to the increase in fresh cycle cancellations (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Embryo warming cycles with subsequent frozen-thawed ET were presented as a viable alternative to continue assisted reproductive treatments against pandemic restrictions on fresh cycles, ensuring clinical pregnancy, albeit at a lower rate than that of the prepandemic period.

OBJETIVO: Compreender os impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 nas taxas de gravidez clínica em fertilização in vitro (FIV) e analisar fatores que possam ter influenciado seu resultado. MéTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo observacional retrospectivo em um centro brasileiro de reprodução assistida. Todos os ciclos de FIV com embriões frescos e descongelados realizados entre 11 de março e 31 de dezembro, 2018-2021 foram analisados, e seus dados utilizados para cálculo das taxas de fertilização, clivagem embrionária, cancelamento de ciclos, transferência de embriões (TE) e gravidez clínica. Testes estatísticos avaliaram significância das alterações encontradas e modelos de regressão logística exploraram associação das variáveis categóricas estudadas com as taxas de gravidez clínica observadas. Os dados de 2018 e 2019 (pré-pandemia) e 2020 e 2021 (pandemia) foram agrupados. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados um total de 756 ciclos (n = 360 na pré-pandemia e n = 396 na pandemia). A faixa etária das pacientes e as taxas de fertilização e de clivagem não tiveram alterações significativas (p > 0,05). Na pandemia, houve redução da porcentagem de ciclos de FIV com embriões frescos e aumento dos com descongelamento (p = 0,005). Também foi notado aumento das taxas de cancelamentos de ciclos com embriões frescos (p < 0,001) e redução do número de TEs (p < 0,001). A pandemia exerceu impacto negativo na taxa de gravidez clínica (p < 0,001), especialmente devido ao aumento de cancelamentos dos ciclos a fresco (p < 0,001). CONCLUSãO: Frente às limitações pandêmicas impostas aos ciclos com embriões frescos, os ciclos de descongelamento de embriões se apresentaram como alternativa viável à continuidade dos ciclos de FIV, garantindo gravidez clínica ainda que em taxas inferiores às do período pré-pandêmico.

Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams from Kraft Lignin with Improved Fire Resistance.

Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) were synthesized using exclusively lignin-based polyol (LBP) obtained via the oxyalkylation of kraft lignin with propylene carbonate (PC). Using the design of experiments methodology combined with statistical analysis, the formulations were optimized to obtain a bio-based RPUF with low thermal conductivity and low apparent density to be used as a lightweight insulating material. The thermo-mechanical properties of the ensuing foams were compared with those of a commercial RPUF and a RPUF (RPUF-conv) produced using a conventional polyol. The bio-based RPUF obtained using the optimized formulation exhibited low thermal conductivity (0.0289 W/m·K), low density (33.2 kg/m3), and reasonable cell morphology. Although the bio-based RPUF has slightly lower thermo-oxidative stability and mechanical properties than RPUF-conv, it is still suitable for thermal insulation applications. In addition, the fire resistance of this bio-based foam has been improved, with its average heat release rate (HRR) reduced by 18.5% and its burn time extended by 25% compared to RPUF-conv. Overall, this bio-based RPUF has shown potential to replace petroleum-based RPUF as an insulating material. This is the first report regarding the use of 100% unpurified LBP obtained via the oxyalkylation of LignoBoost kraft lignin in the production of RPUFs.

Fertility Does not Quarantine: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Impacts on in Vitro Fertilization Clinical Pregnancy Rates / Fertilidade não fica em quarentena: impacto da pandemia COVID-19 nas taxas de gravidez clínica em fertilização in vitro

Abstract Objective To understand the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinical pregnancy rates and analyze factors that may have influenced their outcome. Methods This was a retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary-care Brazilian fertility center. All fresh IVF and embryo warming cycles performed from March 11 to December 31, 2018-2021 were analyzed, and their data were used to calculate fertilization, embryo cleavage, cycle cancellation, embryo transfer (ET), and clinical pregnancy rates. Statistical tests were used to evaluate the alterations found. Logistic regression models were used to explore the association of the categorical variables with the observed clinical pregnancy rates. Data from 2018 and 2019 (prepandemic) and 2020 and 2021 (pandemic) were grouped. Results A total of 756 cycles were analyzed (n = 360 prepandemic and n = 396 pandemic). The age group of the patients, fertilization rates, and cleavage rates did not have significant differences (p > 0.05). There was a reduction in the percentage of fresh IVF and an increase in embryo warming cycles (p = 0.005) during the pandemic. There was also an increase in fresh cycle cancellations (p < 0.001) and a reduction in ET rates (p < 0.001). The pandemic had a negative impact on clinical pregnancy rates (p < 0.001) especially due to the increase in fresh cycle cancellations (p < 0.001). Conclusion Embryo warming cycles with subsequent frozen-thawed ET were presented as a viable alternative to continue assisted reproductive treatments against pandemic restrictions on fresh cycles, ensuring clinical pregnancy, albeit at a lower rate than that of the prepandemic period.

Resumo Objetivo Compreender os impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 nas taxas de gravidez clínica em fertilização in vitro (FIV) e analisar fatores que possam ter influenciado seu resultado. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo observacional retrospectivo em um centro brasileiro de reprodução assistida. Todos os ciclos de FIV com embriões frescos e descongelados realizados entre 11 de março e 31 de dezembro, 2018-2021 foram analisados, e seus dados utilizados para cálculo das taxas de fertilização, clivagem embrionária, cancelamento de ciclos, transferência de embriões (TE) e gravidez clínica. Testes estatísticos avaliaram significância das alterações encontradas e modelos de regressão logística exploraram associação das variáveis categóricas estudadas com as taxas de gravidez clínica observadas. Os dados de 2018 e 2019 (pré-pandemia) e 2020 e 2021 (pandemia) foram agrupados. Resultados Foram analisados um total de 756 ciclos (n = 360 na pré-pandemia e n = 396 na pandemia). A faixa etária das pacientes e as taxas de fertilização e de clivagem não tiveram alterações significativas (p > 0,05). Na pandemia, houve redução da porcentagem de ciclos de FIV com embriões frescos e aumento dos com descongelamento (p = 0,005). Também foi notado aumento das taxas de cancelamentos de ciclos com embriões frescos (p < 0,001) e redução do número de TEs (p < 0,001). A pandemia exerceu impacto negativo na taxa de gravidez clínica (p < 0,001), especialmente devido ao aumento de cancelamentos dos ciclos a fresco (p < 0,001). Conclusão Frente às limitações pandêmicas impostas aos ciclos com embriões frescos, os ciclos de descongelamento de embriões se apresentaram como alternativa viável à continuidade dos ciclos de FIV, garantindo gravidez clínica ainda que em taxas inferiores às do período pré-pandêmico.

Excess mortality from all causes during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate excess mortality in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, due to the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 to January 2022). METHODS: Ecological study using secondary data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System, having the city of Rio de Janeiro as the unit of analysis. Excess mortality was estimated by the difference between the mean number of all expected deaths and the mean number of observed deaths, considering the 2015-2019 period. The quantile regression method was adjusted. The total value of cases above that expected by the historical series was estimated. Among all deaths, cases of COVID-19 and Influenza as underlying causes of death were selected. The ratio between excess mortality and deaths due to COVID-19 was calculated. RESULTS: We identified an excess of 31,920 deaths by the mean (increase of 26.8%). The regression pointed to 31,363 excess deaths. We found 33,401 deaths from COVID-19 and 176 deaths from Influenza. The ratio between the verified excess mortality and deaths due to COVID-19 was 0.96 by the mean and 0.95 by the regression. CONCLUSION: The study pointed to large excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Rio de Janeiro distributed in waves, including the period of the Influenza outbreak.

Excess mortality from all causes during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Excesso de mortalidade por todas as causas na pandemia de COVID-19 no município do Rio de Janeiro (RJ)

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate excess mortality in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, due to the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 to January 2022). Methods: Ecological study using secondary data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System, having the city of Rio de Janeiro as the unit of analysis. Excess mortality was estimated by the difference between the mean number of all expected deaths and the mean number of observed deaths, considering the 2015-2019 period. The quantile regression method was adjusted. The total value of cases above that expected by the historical series was estimated. Among all deaths, cases of COVID-19 and Influenza as underlying causes of death were selected. The ratio between excess mortality and deaths due to COVID-19 was calculated. Results: We identified an excess of 31,920 deaths by the mean (increase of 26.8%). The regression pointed to 31,363 excess deaths. We found 33,401 deaths from COVID-19 and 176 deaths from Influenza. The ratio between the verified excess mortality and deaths due to COVID-19 was 0.96 by the mean and 0.95 by the regression. Conclusion: The study pointed to large excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Rio de Janeiro distributed in waves, including the period of the Influenza outbreak.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o excesso de óbitos no município do Rio de Janeiro (MRJ), RJ, durante a pandemia de COVID-19 (março de 2020 a janeiro de 2022). Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo ecológico com dados secundários do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade cuja unidade de análise foi o MRJ. O excesso de mortalidade foi calculado pela diferença entre a média de óbitos esperados e a média dos óbitos observados levando-se em conta o período de 2015 a 2019. Foi ajustado um método de regressão quantílica. Calculou-se o valor total dos casos acima do esperado pela série histórica. Foram selecionados os óbitos por causa básica COVID-19 e Influenza. Também foi calculada a razão entre o excesso de óbitos e os óbitos atribuídos à COVID-19. Resultados: Foi identificado excesso de 31.920 óbitos pela média (26,8% de incremento). Pela regressão quantílica, encontrou-se excesso de 31.363 óbitos. Ocorreram 33.401 óbitos por COVID-19 e 176 por Influenza. A razão entre o excesso de óbitos encontrado e os óbitos atribuídos à COVID-19 foi de 0,96 pela média e 0,95 pela regressão quantílica. Conclusão: O estudo apontou grande excesso de óbitos durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no MRJ, distribuído em ondas, incluindo-se o período do surto de Influenza.

Knowledge of Dentists about Hypomineralization Enamel Defects: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate a group of Brazilian dentists on their knowledge of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars (HSPM) related to clinical aspects, consequences, and diagnostic criteria. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional, the participants were invited by e-mail and Whatsapp® to answer a questionnaire about their knowledge of hypomineralization enamel defects (MIH/HSPM) on the Google Forms® platform. The questionnaire comprised eight questions about personal data and multiple-choice questions about their knowledge concerning clinical aspects, diagnostic criteria of MIH/HSPM and differential diagnosis through clinical images. Chi-square test was applied with the significance level set at 5%. Results: Most participants (n = 492; 91.1%) reported having knowledge about MIH/HSPM. The general dentists gave more incorrect answers (n = 40; 65.6 %;) about dental tissues affected by MIH/HSPM. Overall, 83.3% of the dentists gave the correct answer to which dentitions are associated with this condition. In addition, most dentists presented knowledge about the consequences related to possible fractures (n= 487; 90.2%) and about an increased risk of caries (n= 479; 88.9%) in the affected teeth. Regarding the differential diagnosis performed through clinical images, most participants gave incorrect answers (p≤0.001). Conclusion: The participants presented knowledge about the dentition associated with this condition and possible consequences related to the teeth affected by MIH/HSPM; however, they showed difficulties concerning clinical diagnostic criteria.

Polyurethane Adhesives Based on Oxyalkylated Kraft Lignin.

Lignin-based polyol was obtained via oxyalkylation reaction with propylene carbonate using eucalyptus kraft lignin isolated from the industrial cooking liquor by the Lignoboost® procedure. This lignin-based polyol (LBP) was used without purification in the preparation of polyurethane (PU) adhesives combined with polymeric 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI). A series of adhesives were obtained by varying the NCO/OH ratio of PU counterparts (pMDI and LBPs) and their performance was evaluated by gluing wood pieces under predefined conditions. The adhesion properties of the novel PU adhesive were compared with those of a commercial PU adhesive (CPA). The occurrence and extent of curing reactions and changes in the polymeric network of PA were monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic mechanical analysis. Although the lap shear strength and glass transition temperature of the lignin-based PU adhesives have increased steadily with the NCO/OH ratio ranging from 1.1-2.2, chemical aging resistance can be compromised when the NCO/OH is very low. It was found that the lignin-based PU adhesive with an NCO/OH ratio of 1.3 showed better chemical resistance and adhesion efficiency than CPA possibly because the NCO/OH in the latter is too high as revealed by FTIR spectroscopy. Despite some lower thermal stability and shorter gelation time of lignin-based PU than CPA, the former revealed great potential to reduce the use of petroleum-derived polyols and isocyanates with potential application in the furniture industry as wood bonding adhesive.

An exploration of the effects of prefabricated and customized insoles on lower limb kinetics and kinematics during walking, stepping up and down tasks: A time series analysis.

BACKGROUND: Prefabricated and customized insoles are used in clinical practice to reduce foot pronation. Although data exist on the effects at key points within the stance phase, exploring the impact of different insoles using time series analysis may reveal more detail about their efficacy. RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the effects revealed by a time series analysis of arch-supported prefabricated insoles (PREFABRICATED) versus arch-supported prefabricated insoles customized with a 6º medial wedge (CUSTOMIZED) on the lower limb biomechanics during walking, stepping up and down tasks in individuals with pronated feet? METHODS: Nineteen individuals with excessive foot pronation performed walking, stepping up and down tasks using three insoles: CONTROL (flat insole), CUSTOMIZED, and PREFABRICATED. Angles and moments of ankle and knee coronal and hip transverse planes were compared between conditions using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). RESULTS: For walking, CUSTOMIZED reduced ankle eversion moment compared to CONTROL during midstance and PREFABRICATED during propulsion. CUSTOMIZED decreased KAM during midstance and propulsion compared to PREFABRICATED. Compared to CONTROL, CUSTOMIZED and PREFABRICATED reduced hip internal rotation during propulsion and loading response, respectively. CUSTOMIZED decreased eversion movement during midstance and propulsion for the stepping up task. PREFABRICATED reduced eversion movement during midstance in comparison to CONTROL. For the stepping down task, CUSTOMIZED increased eversion movement during propulsion compared to PREFABRICATED. CUSTOMIZED reduced hip internal rotation angle for stepping up task during propulsion, decreased medial rotation movement during midstance compared to CONTROL, and reduced medial rotation during midstance compared to PREFABRICATED. CUSTOMIZED increased KAM for stepping up and down tasks during propulsion. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that both CUSTOMIZED and PREFABRICATED reduce foot pronation. However, non-local effects, such as changes in KAM and hip internal rotation, were seen only in the CUSTOMIZED. Therefore, CUSTOMIZED may be preferable if the objective is to modify the knee and hip mechanics.

Lignin as a Renewable Building Block for Sustainable Polyurethanes.

Currently, the pulp and paper industry generates around 50-70 million tons of lignin annually, which is mainly burned for energy recovery. Lignin, being a natural aromatic polymer rich in functional hydroxyl groups, has been drawing the interest of academia and industry for its valorization, especially for the development of polymeric materials. Among the different types of polymers that can be derived from lignin, polyurethanes (PUs) are amid the most important ones, especially due to their wide range of applications. This review encompasses available technologies to isolate lignin from pulping processes, the main approaches to convert solid lignin into a liquid polyol to produce bio-based polyurethanes, the challenges involving its characterization, and the current technology assessment. Despite the fact that PUs derived from bio-based polyols, such as lignin, are important in contributing to the circular economy, the use of isocyanate is a major environmental hot spot. Therefore, the main strategies that have been used to replace isocyanates to produce non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) derived from lignin are also discussed.

COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cutaneous manifestations described in pediatric patients and discuss their relevance for early diagnosis. DATA SOURCE: The study consisted of a systematic review of original articles indexed in PubMed and Embase databases, as well as gray literature articles found through Google Scholar. A search strategy, based on PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) Tool, with the terms "child," "infant," "childhood," "adolescents," "teenagers," "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," and "skin manifestations," was performed to optimize the findings. The study did not restrict any article regarding language. DATA SYNTHESIS: Out of the 310 articles that initially met the inclusion criteria, 35 were selected for review, totalizing 369 patients. The most common COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations in children and adolescents were Chilblain-like lesions, presented in 67.5% of the cases, followed by erythema multiforme-like (31.7%) and varicella-like lesions (0.8%). The Chilblain-like lesions appeared 7.6 days (95%CI 7.4-7.8) after the viral infection and lasted for 17.5 days (95%CI 16.5-18.5), erythema multiforme-like lesions appeared in 9.5 days (95%CI 9-10) and lasted for 10.3 days (95%CI 9.1-11.5), and varicella-like lesions appeared in 12.3 days (95%CI 4-20.6) and lasted for 7 days. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the different skin manifestations in children and adolescents with COVID-19 is essential for an early diagnosis and, consequently, the possibility of promptly care adoption as well as to interrupt the new coronavirus transmission chains in the current pandemic context.

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization-Influence on Dental Caries Experience Indexes: A Cross-sectional Study.

Aim and and objective: To evaluate the influence of the clinical characteristics inherent to Molar Incisor Hypomineralization on the values ​​and scores of the DMF-T and ICDAS indexes. Materials and methods: Eight hundred and eight seven teeth were examined, from 39 individuals aged 3-14 years (8.95 ± 3.26), who had at least one first permanent molar (FPM) or second primary molar with signs of hypomineralization, according to the criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. Hypomineralized teeth were evaluated for the presence of restorations, post-eruptive breakdowns (PEB), and dental caries, being considered sound for the DMF-T when there was the presence of PEB without caries lesion. Chi-square and Kruskal Wallis tests (p ≤ 0.05) were used to detect differences. Results: Two hundred and five teeth showed signs of hypomineralization. The average number of opacities was influenced by the period of dentition, with more opacities when the primary dentition and the eruption of FPM and permanent incisors were complete (p ≥ 0.05). Hypomineralized teeth showed a higher DMF-T value, mainly of the decayed component (12%), in contrast to 2.5% of nonhypomineralized teeth. It was not possible to associate ICDAS scores 1 and 2 to hypomineralized surfaces, due to the overlap with the diagnosis of early enamel caries. The values ​​of this index changed in the presence of cavitation by caries (scores 3,4,5,6), but not in the presence of PEB. Conclusion: Due to the impossibility of differential diagnosis with caries lesion, PEB, and opacities present in hypomineralized teeth tend to overestimate the values ​​and scores of the DMF-T and ICDAS, respectively. Clinical significance: Make future suggestions for epidemiological studies in the area. How to cite this article: Vieira FG, Pintor AV, Silva FD, et al. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization-Influence on Dental Caries Experience Indexes: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(1):65-68.

Oxyalkylation of Lignoboost™ Kraft Lignin with Propylene Carbonate: Design of Experiments towards Synthesis Optimization.

Oxyalkylation with propylene carbonate (PC) is a safe process to convert lignin into a reactive liquid polyol to be used in polyurethane formulations. In this study, the effect of operating conditions of oxyalkylation (temperature, time and quantify of PC) on the quality of lignin-based polyol in terms hydroxyl number (IOH) and viscosity was studied. Full factorial modeling and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to study the effect and interaction of process variables on the IOH and viscosity of lignin-based polyols. The results revealed that the IOH is highly affected by the reaction time, while the viscosity is affected by the amount of PC. Validation experiments confirmed the model is reliable. Furthermore, RSM optimization allowed to reduce the amount of PC by about 50% and to increase the lignin content in the polyol from 12.5% to 25% (w/w) depending on the temperature and time of the process and also on the purpose of the polyol produced (i.e., application in rigid foams or adhesives).

Cross-cultural translation and adaptation of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Multiple Myeloma tool - MM1 and LEU3 - for Portuguese.

OBJECTIVE: To describe of the translation from English to Portuguese and adaption process of subitems of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Multiple Myeloma. METHODS: In the first phase, translations from English into Portuguese of two subitems of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Multiple Myeloma were performed. Subsequently, a consensus and back translation were conducted, and, finally, translation and back translations were reviewed by four independent bilingual experts. In the second phase, the translated subitems were applied, along with a questionnaire, to 10 native Portuguese speakers patients with multiple myeloma. RESULTS: There was a recognition of the translation process in its first version applied to 10 patients with multiple myeloma, whose reported no difficult to understand the translated and validated instrument. Patients also did not find the content irrelevant or offensive, and they did not suggested changes. CONCLUSION: The subitems of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Multiple Myeloma were translated from English into Portuguese following the proposed methodology and there was not need of readjustments. This process allowed this instrument of quality of life, which is widely known to be beneficial in the management of patients with multiple myeloma, to be used among our population.

Impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 no ensino odontológico em instituições brasileiras: uma revisão integrativa / Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental education in Brazilian institutions: An integrative review

A disseminação do Sars-CoV-2, agenteetiológicoda COVID-19, se tornou um problema de saúde pública de importância internacional. Dentre as medidas para conter seu espraiamento, está asuspensão das aulas em instituições de ensino.Assim, esta revisão integrativa objetiva apresentar um panorama sobre o impacto da pandemia no ensino da Odontologia nas instituições brasileiras.Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Medline, LILACS e SciELO, utilizando-se descritores nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa. Foram recuperados 60 estudos, sendo 17 elegíveis para leitura integral. Destes, 4 estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Observou-se que o modelo de Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE) por meio de ferramentas digitaisfoi a estratégia de ensino não presencial mais utilizada nas instituições brasileiras. O ERE permitiu que o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 fosse sentido de maneira mais branda pela comunidade acadêmica brasileira, engajando alunos e diminuindo a ansiedade de alunos e professores. Por outro lado, a infraestrutura tecnológica deficiente no Brasil contribuiu para a dificuldade em substituir as atividades clínicas. Fato ainda exacerbado pela dificuldade de adequação da infraestrutura física das instituições durante o planejamento de retorno às atividades presenciais. Apesar de todas as estratégias de superação, desempenhadas pelas instituições brasileiras de ensino odontológico, estas não foram refletidas em literatura científica nas bases de dados indexadas.Assim, enfatiza-se a necessidade de trabalhos sobre esta temática, para que seja possível disseminar as experiências vividas durante o período pandêmico (AU).

The spread of SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, has become a public health problem of international importance. Among the measures to curb its spread is the suspension of classes in educational institutions. Thus, this integrative review aims to provide an overview of the impact of the pandemic on dentistry education in Brazilian institutions. The Medline, LILACS and SciELO databases were searched using descriptors in English and Portuguese.A total of 60 studies were retrieved, with17eligible for full reading. Of these, 4 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was observed that the emergency remote education (ERE) model through digital tools was the most used remoteteaching strategy in Brazilian institutions. ERE allowed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to be felt more mildly by the Brazilian academic community, better engaging students and reducing the anxiety of students and teachers. On the other hand, the deficient technological infrastructure in Brazil contributed to difficulty inreplacing clinical activities. This fact is further exacerbated by the difficulty of adapting the physical infrastructure of the institutions whenplanning to returnto in-personactivities. Despite numerousstrategies employedby Brazilian dental education institutions, theywere not reflected in the scientific literature in the indexed databases.Thus, there is aneed for studies on this topic so that it is possible to disseminate the experiences lived during the pandemic period (AU).

Percepção estética e desconforto de pacientes brasileiros em tratamento com bráquetes vestibulares metálicos e cerâmicos, linguais e alinhadores Invisaling® / Esthetic perception and discomfort of Brazilian patients undergoing treatment with metallic and ceramic vestibular brackets, lingual brackets and Invisaling® aligners

Resumo O tratamento ortodôntico experimenta evolução contínua em seus aparelhos, principalmente por questões estéticas e de conforto. Objetivo: avaliar a satisfação e desconforto relatados por pacientes submetidos ao tratamento ortodôntico com bráquetes vestibulares metálicos e cerâmicos, bráquetes linguais e alinhadores Invisalign®. Material e métodos: Aplicação de um questionário padronizado a 126 pacientes de ambos os sexos, em tratamento ortodôntico em consultórios particulares há pelo menos 90 dias, sem outro acessório ortodôntico. Os pacientes foram divididos em 4 grupos: grupo I (n=30) bráquetes vestibulares metálicos, grupo II (n=30) bráquetes estéticos vestibulares, grupo III (n=32) alinhadores Invisalign® e grupo IV (n=34) bráquetes fixos linguais. A comparação entre os grupos foi feita pelo teste do qui-quadrado e, quando este indicou diferença estatisticamente significativa, foram realizadas comparações múltiplas pelo teste de proporções. Resultados: Os bráquetes metálicos vestibulares foram mais percebidos pelos demais e trouxeram maior desconforto estético. Os bráquetes cerâmicos foram menos percebidos pelos demais do que os bráquetes vestibulares metálicos. Os alinhadores foram menos percebidos pelos outros do que os bráquetes vestibulares, causaram menos dificuldades na fala e na escovação, menos desconforto nas bochechas e menos dificuldades na fala. Os bráquetes linguais trouxeram menos desconforto estético, revelando também maior desconforto na língua e menos desconforto na bochecha. Conclusão: Os pacientes relataram maior desconforto estético com bráquetes vestibulares metálicos. Aparelhos linguais e alinhadores foram menos percebidos pelos demais e trouxeram menos desconforto estético aos pacientes. Todos os pacientes tratados com alinhadores o usariam novamente caso precisassem de um novo tratamento.(AU)

Abstract Orthodontic treatment experiences continuous evolution in its appliances, especially due to esthetic and comfort reasons. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction and discomfort reported by patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with metallic and ceramic vestibular brackets, lingual brackets and Invisalign® aligners. Material and methods: Application of a standardized questionnaire to 126 patients of both genders, undergoing orthodontic treatment in private orthodontic offices for at least 90 days, with no other orthodontic accessory. Patients were divided into 4 groups: group I (n=30) vestibular metallic brackets, group II (n=30) vestibular esthetic brackets, group III (n=32) Invisalign® aligners and group IV (n=34) lingual fixed brackets. Comparison between the appliances were made by the chi-square test, and when this indicated a statistically significant difference multiple comparisons were performed by the test of proportions. Results: Vestibular metallic brackets were more perceived by others and brought greater esthetic discomfort. Ceramic brackets were less perceived by others than metallic vestibular brackets. Aligners were less perceived by others than vestibular brackets, caused fewer speech and brushing difficulties, less discomfort on the cheeks and less speech difficulties. Lingual brackets brought less esthetic discomfort, revealing also more tongue discomfort and less cheek discomfort. Conclusion: Patients reported more aesthetic discomfort with metallic vestibular brackets. Lingual appliances and aligners were less perceived by others and brought less esthetic discomfort to patients. All aligners patients would use these appliances again if they needed new treatment.(AU)

Participação e autonomia de pessoas que moram nos serviços residenciais terapêuticos: contribuições da terapia ocupacional / Participation and autonomy of people who live in residential therapeutic services: contributions from occupational therapy1

Resumo Introdução Os Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos (SRTs) representaram grande avanço no processo de desinstitucionalização brasileiro. Porém, faz-se necessário investir nas discussões que contribuam para que esses dispositivos sejam espaços potentes de habitação e de valorização da subjetividade de seus moradores. Objetivo Investigar a participação e o exercício da autonomia dos moradores de SRTs do tipo II, a partir da sua própria percepção. Método Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e documental, realizada por meio de coleta de dados documentais e de entrevistas. Participaram do estudo 8 moradores de SRTs tipo II. O material produzido foi submetido à análise temática. O conceito do Cotidiano embasa o estudo, a partir das perspectivas da terapia ocupacional, da Teoria do Cotidiano de Agnes Heller e da Reabilitação Psicossocial. Resultados A institucionalização prolongada está estreitamente relacionada com a pouca participação e autonomia dos participantes em seu cotidiano, com a pouca ou inexistente apropriação do SRT e com a percepção que eles têm de si como pacientes, e não como moradores de suas casas. O exercício da autonomia pelos participantes é relacionado ao seu desempenho e funcionalidade na realização das atividades diárias e à assistência integral pré-estabelecida para o SRT tipo II. Conclusão Concluiu-se que a terapia ocupacional traz contribuições fundamentais relacionadas à participação e à autonomia de pessoas que, devido às institucionalizações prolongadas, encontram-se em situação importante de cronificação. A participação nas atividades cotidianas e a possibilidade do exercício de autonomia no SRT são o primeiro passo rumo à definitiva possibilidade de inclusão social de seus moradores.

Abstract Introduction Therapeutic Residential Services (RSTs) represented a great advance in the Brazilian deinstitutionalization process, but it is necessary to invest in discussions that contribute to these devices being powerful spaces for housing and for valuing the subjectivity of its residents. Objective To investigate the participation and exercise of autonomy of residents of type II RSTs, based on their own perception. Method This is qualitative, exploratory, and documentary research, carried out through the collection of documentary data and interviews. Eight residents of type II RSTs participated in the study. The material produced was submitted to thematic analysis. The concept of Daily Life underlies the study, from the perspectives of Occupational Therapy, the Theory of Daily Life by Agnes Heller, and Psychosocial Rehabilitation. Results Prolonged institutionalization is closely related to the participants' little participation and autonomy in their daily lives, with little or no ownership of the SRT, and with the perception, they have of themselves as patients and not as residents of their homes. The exercise of autonomy by the participants is related to their performance and functionality in carrying out daily activities and pre-established comprehensive care for type II SRT. Conclusion It was concluded that Occupational Therapy brings fundamental contributions related to the participation and autonomy of people who, due to prolonged institutionalization, are in an important situation of chronicity. Participation in daily activities and the possibility of exercising autonomy in the SRT is the first step towards the definitive possibility of social inclusion for its residents.

Diametral tensile strength of conventional glass ionomer cements with modified powder ratio for uses in atraumatic restorative treatment / Resistência à tração diametral de cimentos de ionômero de vidro convencionais modificados na razão de pó para uso em tratamento restaurador atraumático

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the diametral tensile strength of Brazilian brands of conventional glass ionomer cements (GIC) when modified powder ratio in their composition compared to each other, and with high viscosity glass ionomer cement for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART). Methods: Experimental study with five groups (n=10 each) and specimens (2.5 mm in height and 5.0 mm in diameter), considering G1 (Maxxion R-MR), G2 (Vidrion R-VR) and G3 Vitro molar (VM-control) according to manufacturer recommending powder/liquid (1:1), G4 (MR) and G5 (VR) plus powder (2:1). The specimens were stored in an oven at 37 ± 1 ° C for 1 day. Diametral Tensile Test was performed by the Instron model 4444. Means differences were tested by Student´s T-Test (α = 5%). Results: There significant differences were in the means (standard deviation) of diametral tensile strength of MR (1:1) 4.24 (±1.47) and MR (2:1), 5.74 (±1.51) (p=0.039) and VR (1:1) 4.50 (±1.27) and VR (2:1) 6.20 (±1.89) (p=0.029). When comparing MR and VR (2:1) with MV (1:1) 4.82 (±1.17), VR 2: 1, 6.20 (±1.89) showed significant differences (p=0.0336). Conclusion: There was a significant increase in the means of diametral tensile strength of Brazilian brands conventional GICs when powder increment, approaching the performance observed by the high viscosity GIC.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a resistência à tração diametral de marcas nacionais de cimentos de ionômero de vidro (CIV) convencionais quando acrescidos de pó em sua composição comparados entre si e com cimento de ionômero de vidro de alta viscosidade para Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (TRA). Métodos: Pesquisa experimental com cinco grupos (n=10 cada) e confeccionados corpos de prova (2,5 mm de altura e 5,0 mm de diâmetro), considerando G1 (Maxxion R/FGM-MR), G2 (Vidrion R/SS White-VR) e G3 Vitro molar (DFL-VM-controle) manipulados segundo fabricante pó/líquido (1:1), G4 (MR) e G5 (VR) acrescidos de pó (2:1). Os espécimes foram armazenados em estufa a 37 ± 1° C por 1 dia. Teste de Tração Diametral foi realizado pelo equipamento Instron modelo 4444. As diferenças das médias foram testadas pelo Test T de Student (α=5%). Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças significativas das médias (desvio-padrão) de resistência à tração diametral de MR (1:1) 4,24 (±1,47) e MR (2:1), 5,74(±1,51) (p=0,039) e VR (1:1) 4,50 (±1,27) e VR (2:1) 6,20(± 1,89) (p=0,029). Quando da comparação entre MR e VR (2:1) com VM (1:1) 4,82(±1,17), VR 2:1, 6,20 (±1,89) apresentou média superior e significante (p=0,0336). Conclusão: Observou-se aumento significativo nas médias de resistência mecânica à tração diametral dos CIVs convencionais nacionais a partir do incremento de pó, aproximando-se do desempenho observado pelo CIV de alta viscosidade.

Cross-cultural translation and adaptation of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Multiple Myeloma tool - MM1 and LEU3 - for Portuguese

ABSTRACT Objective To describe of the translation from English to Portuguese and adaption process of subitems of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Multiple Myeloma. Methods In the first phase, translations from English into Portuguese of two subitems of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Multiple Myeloma were performed. Subsequently, a consensus and back translation were conducted, and, finally, translation and back translations were reviewed by four independent bilingual experts. In the second phase, the translated subitems were applied, along with a questionnaire, to 10 native Portuguese speakers patients with multiple myeloma. Results There was a recognition of the translation process in its first version applied to 10 patients with multiple myeloma, whose reported no difficult to understand the translated and validated instrument. Patients also did not find the content irrelevant or offensive, and they did not suggested changes. Conclusion The subitems of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Multiple Myeloma were translated from English into Portuguese following the proposed methodology and there was not need of readjustments. This process allowed this instrument of quality of life, which is widely known to be beneficial in the management of patients with multiple myeloma, to be used among our population.