Transmissão em psicanálise / Transmission en Psychanalyse / Transmission in psychoanalysis

Nesse artigo, pretendo responder à questão que ocupa a mídia atualmente, quanto ao caráter conservador ou revolucionário da psicanálise. Tendo em vista que nos círculos feministas radicais Freud é criticado como misógino, tomei como ponto de partida um recuo histórico na teoria freudiana enfocando os efeitos psíquicos da distinção anatômica entre os sexos. O eixo orientador desse trabalho é a hipótese de que é impossível levar essa questão adiante sem articular a prática da psicanálise com a sua transmissão

Dans cet article, je cherche a répondre à la question, qui ocupe les médias de nos jour, concernant le caractère conservateur ou révolutionnaire de la psychanalyse. Compte tenu du fait quedans les cercles féministes radicaux, Freud est vu comme un misogyne, jai pris come point de depart un retrait historique de la théorie freidienne centrée sur les effets psychiques de la distinction anatomique entre les sexes. L'axe directeur de ce travail est l'hypothèse selon laquelle il est impossible de faire avancer cette question sans articuler la pratique de la psychanalyse avec sa transmission

In this article I intend to answer the question that is currently in the media, regarding the conservative or revolutionary character of psychoanalysys. Given that in radical feminist circles Freud is read as a mysoginist, I take as a starting point a historical retreat in freudian theory focusing on the effects of the anatomical distinction between the sexes. The axis of this work is the hypothesis that it is impossible to take this issue forward without articulating the practice of psychoanalysis with its transmission

Quando morre o animal de estimação: um estudo sobre luto / When a pet dies: a study about mourning / Cuando muere el pet: un estudio de luto

Este escrito resultou de pesquisa realizada com pessoas que perderam seus animais de estimação em decorrência de morte. A sua realização teve como objetivo a compreensão do processo de enfrentamento do luto vivenciado por essas pessoas, ao experimentarem as perdas dos seus animais de estimação. Para isso, valeu-se do enfoque qualitativo, empregandose entrevistas semiestruturadas, e recorreu-se a fundamentos da teoria do apego, de John Bowlby, e das tarefas do luto, de W. Worden, para a análise dos dados colhidos. Com base nessas referências, foi possível concluir que os participantes da pesquisa estabeleceram fortes vínculos de apego com seus animais de estimação, bastante semelhantes àqueles construídos com seres humanos. Pode-se concluir que, devido a essas fortes vinculações, nas quais foram depositadas intensas expectativas de ordem afetiva, todos os processos de luto vivenciados por essas pessoas apresentaram características semelhantes àquelas presentes em processos de luto decorrentes da perda de pessoas significativas.

This study is the result of a survey carried out among people whose pets had died. The objective was to understand the process of facing the loss of their pets. A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews, applying some fundamentals from John Bowlby’s attachment theory and W. Worden’s mourning tasks were tools used for the analysis of the collected data. According to these references, it was possible to conclude that the survey participants established strong attachment bonds with their pets, quite similar to those present in human beings. It can be concluded that, due to these strong attachments in which intense expectations of affective nature were filled, all the processes of grief that were experienced by the subjects had the similar characteristics to those presented in the mourning processes arising from the loss of meaningful people.

Este trabajo trata de un estudio sobre las personas que han perdido sus mascotas debido a la muerte. Tiene como objetivo comprender el proceso del duelo vivido por estas personas. Para esto, fue utilizado el enfoque cualitativo, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, y se recurrió a los fundamentos de la teoría del apego de John Bowlby y del proceso del duelo y sus tareas de W. Worden para el análisis de los datos recolectados. A partir de estas referencias, se concluye que los participantes de la investigación establecen vínculos afectivos con sus animales domésticos bastante similares a los construidos con los seres humanos. Debido a estos vínculos fuertes, en el que se depositan las expectativas de intensas relaciones afectivas, los procesos de duelo que experimentan estas personas tienen características similares a aquellos que resultan de la pérdida de personas significativas.

Protected Blend of Organic Acids and Essential Oils Improves Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Intestinal Health of Broiler Chickens Undergoing an Intestinal Challenge.

The growing restriction of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) use in farming animals has raised a concern regarding the viability of the animal production system. In this new context, feed additives with proven positive impact on intestinal health may be used as strategy to avoid losses on performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a protected blend of organic acids and essential oils [P(OA+EO)] on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of broiler chickens. A total of 1,080 Cobb × Cobb 500 male broilers were randomly distributed in four treatments with 10 replicates (27 birds/each). Treatments were as follow: non-challenged control; challenged control; AGP (enramycin at 10 g/t); and P(OA+EO) at 300 g/t. All birds on challenged groups were challenged with Eimeria spp. at 1 day and with Clostridium perfringens at 11, 12, and 13 days. Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were evaluated until 42 days. At 17 days, one bird per pen was orally gavaged with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) and blood samples were collected for FITC-d detection to assess intestinal permeability. At 21 days, apparent ileal nutrient and energy (IDE) digestibility, intestinal macroscopic and histologic alterations (ISI) and, expression of mucin2 (MUC2), claudin1 (CLDN1), and occludin (OCLN) genes in the jejunum were evaluated. From 1 to 42 days, birds from the non-challenged and P(OA+EO) groups had greater (P < 0.001) BWG compared to challenged control and AGP groups. The challenged control group presented the worst FCR (P < 0.001). IDE was 106 kcal/kg greater when broilers were fed P(OA+EO) compared to the challenged control group. Broilers supplemented with P(OA+EO) had improved intestinal integrity with lower blood FITC-d concentration and ISI scores, and greater expression of MUC2, CLDN1, and OCLN genes compared to the challenged control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the P(OA+EO) and the AGP led to increased growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal health of challenged broilers. A marked difference occurred in favor of the P(OA+EO), suggesting that this blend may be used to improve intestinal health and broiler growth performance in AGP free programs.

Availability of betaine present in fine wheat bran in diets for growing pigs

The objective of this paper was to investigate the availability of betaine present in fine wheat bran (FWB) in diets for growing pigs. We used thirty crossbred intact males, housed individually in metabolic cages and distributed in a randomized block design, with five treatments and six replicates. Blocks consisted of two periods of 15 days. Average initial body weights were 32.00±1.30 and 44.90±1.32 kg, in the first and second periods, respectively. Treatments were modified only at the level of methionine plus cysteine (Met+Cys) required and the Met+Cys sources, consisting of a negative control (NC), formulated with 80% of Met+Cys requirements, and four positive controls (PC): PCMet - NC supplemented with 1.2 g kg−1 of DL-methionine; PCBet - NC supplemented with 0.9 g kg−1 of anhydrous betaine; PCFWB - diet formulated with FWB; and PCFWB+Met - PCFWB supplemented with 1.0 g kg−1 of DL-methionine. No differences were observed on performance-related variables or on the digestibility coefficient of dry matter. Conversely, the digestibility coefficient of crude energy was lower when pigs were fed FWB and could be associated to the higher fiber content of FWB feeds. Digestible energy of feeds was higher for FWB diets, while the metabolizable energy of FWB diets did not differ from PCMet and PCBet. Nitrogen intake and apparent absorption were lower when pigs were fed FWB, but nitrogen retention, protein utilization, and biological value of the feed protein were the same among PC treatments, indicating that nitrogen from diets was used by pigs with the same efficiency, and is supported by no differences in performance-related variables. The FWB composition showed 12 g of betaine kg−1, which is available to maintain nitrogen retention and performance.(AU)

Effect of auditory-motor training on auditory processing of school children.

OBJECTIVE: To compare performance in Avaliação Simplificada do Processamento Auditivo Central and Scale of Auditory Behaviors scores before and after auditory and motor training. METHODS: Sample comprising 162 children aged 9 to 11 years and attending public schools in the city of São Paulo (SP), Brazil; 122 out of 162 children were allocated to one of three experimental groups: Multisensory; Auditory/Motor and Motor/Auditory. Experimental groups were submitted to 8 hours of auditory, visuospatial and motor stimulation over the course of 8 weeks. The remaining 40 children formed the Control Group and received no stimulation. RESULTS: Relation between child behavior as perceived by school teachers and auditory test responses revealed that the better the performance in auditory processing assessment, the higher the Scale of Auditory Behaviors scores. CONCLUSION: Auditory and motor training led to improvements in auditory processing skills as rated by Avaliação Simplificada do Processamento Auditivo Central and Scale of Auditory Behaviors; this intervention model proved to be a good tool for use in school settings.

Fatigue resistance of endodontic instruments manufactured in NiTi CM Wire and in conventional NiTi alloy with eletrochemical treatment / Resistência à fadiga de instrumentos endodônticos fabricados em NiTi CM Wire e em niti convencional com tratamento eletroquìmico

ABSTRACT Objective: This study compared the fatigue behavior of endodontic instruments manufactured with conventional NiTi alloy electropolishing, RaCe (FKG Dentaire, LaChauxdeFonds, Switzerland), with instruments manufactured with NiTi CM ​​Wire subjected to thermomechanical treatment, in the manufacturing process, HyFlex CM (Coltène Whaledent, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, USA), both with similar geometry and dimensions in order to determine the influence of the manufacturing process in the fatigue resistance. Methods: The methodoly consisted of twenty HyFlex CM and RaCe instruments with D0 0.25 mm, taper 0.06 mm / mm, 25 mm length, both with triangular cross section. The fracture resistance was evaluated by static fatigue test, using a stainless artificial canal with 5mm of radius (86°), recording the time and calculating the number of cycles until fracture occurs (NCF). For statistical analysis the Student t test was used The fractured instruments surface was analyzed by SEM. Results: The NCF was significantly higher for HyFlex CM instruments in comparison with RaCe files (P˂0.05) being 1336% more resistant to fatigue. The analysis of the fractured surface by SEM showed ductile-kind morphological characteristics for both instruments and the absence of plastic deformation. Conclusion: HyFlex CM instruments present higher values ​​of NCF. Thus, it can be concluded that the thermal treatment to which these instruments with CM Wire alloy are submitted makes them more resistant to fracture than Race instruments manufactured with conventional NiTi alloy electropolishing.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo comparou a vida em fadiga de instrumentos endodônticos fabricados com a liga de NiTi convencional com eletropolimento de superfície, RaCe (FKG Dentaire, LaChauxdeFonds, Suiça), com instrumentos fabricados com a liga de NiTi CM Wire, submetidos a tratamento termomecânico, no processo de fabricação, HyFlex CM (Coltene Whaledent, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, EUA), ambos com geometria e dimensões semelhantes, visando determinar a influência do processo de fabricação das ligas e do acabamento superficial na resistência à fadiga. Métodos: Foram utilizados vinte instrumentos HyFlex CM e RaCe com D0 0,25mm, conicidade 0,06mm/mm, 25mm de comprimento, ambos com seção transversal triangular. A resistência à fratura foi avaliada através de teste estático de fadiga ciclica, utilizando um canal artificial em aço-inoxidável com 5mm de raio (86°), sendo registrado o tempo e calculado o número de ciclos para ocorrer a fratura (NCF). Para análise estatística empregou-se o teste t de Student. As superfícies de fratura dos instrumentos foram analisadas em MEV. Resultados: O NCF foi significativamente maior para os instrumentos HyFlex CM em comparação com as limas RaCe (p˂0,05), sendo 1336% mais resistentes à fadiga. A análise das superfícies fraturadas em MEV revelou características morfológicas do tipo dúctil para ambos os instrumentos e ausência de deformação plástica. Conclusão: Os instrumentos HyFlex CM apresentaram valores mais elevados de NCF. Deste modo, pode-se concluir que o tratamento térmico a qual estes instrumentos com a liga CM Wire foram submetidos os torna mais resistentes à fratura do que os instrumentos Race, fabricados com a liga de NiTi convencional com eletropolimento.

Can photobiomodulation associated with implantation of mesenchymal adipose-derived stem cells attenuate the expression of MMPs and decrease degradation of type II collagen in an experimental model of osteoarthritis?

This study aimed to determine whether photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) could improve the bioavailability and chondroprotective benefits of mesenchymal stem cells injected into the knees of rats used as an experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA) as well as reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and degradation of type II collagen (COL2-1) in the cartilage. Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ADSCs) were collected from three male Fischer 344 rats and characterized by flow cytometry. Fifty female Fischer 344 rats were distributed into five groups of 10 animals each. These groups were as follows: control, OA, OA PBMT, OA ADSC, and OA ADSC PBMT. OA was induced in the animals using a 4% papain solution. Animals from the OA ADSC and OA ADSC PBMT groups received an intra-articular injection of 10 × 106 ADSCs and were treated with PBMT by irradiation (wavelength: 808 nm, power: 50 mW, energy: 42 J, energy density: 71.2 J/cm2, spot size: 0.028). Euthanasia was performed 7 days after the first treatment. The use of PBMT alone and the injection of ADSCs resulted in downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and MPs in cartilage compared to the OA group. PBMT and ADSCs caused upregulation of tissue inhibitors of MPs 1 and 2 and mRNA and protein expression of COL2-1 in cartilage compared to the OA group. The intra-articular injection of ADSCs and PBMT prevented joint degeneration resulting from COL2-1 degradation and modulated inflammation by downregulating cytokines and MMPs in the OA group.

Effect of dietary energy and weaning weight on nitrogen balance and energy metabolizability of piglets / Efeito da energia da dieta e do peso ao desmame sobre o balanço de nitrogênio e metabolizabilidade da energia de leitões

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary metabolizable energy (ME; 3.40, 3.60, or 3.80 Mcal/kg) and weaning weight (WW; 4.5 ± 0.4 and 6.7 ± 0.5 kg) on nitrogen balance (NB) and gross energy metabolizability in weanling piglets. In total, 32 barrow piglets were individually housed in metabolic cages for 28 d in a 2x3 factorial arrangement with five barrows per treatment. Only light and 3.80 ME and heavy and 3.40 ME/kg treatments had six barrows per treatment each. The diets were formulated to maintain a constant nutrient to ME ratio. Nitrogen balance was evaluated in three periods through total collection of feces and urine. Heavy piglets had 14% greater N intake, absorption, and retention in starter and total periods (P<0.05). The increasing in the levels of dietary ME linearly augmented N intake, absorption, and retention during starter and total periods (P<0.05). The dietary ME levels linearly increased energy metabolizability in all periods (P<0.05). In conclusion, heavy weaned piglets had better efficiency in nitrogen retention. Besides, increasing dietary ME levels can improve the N retention and the metabolizability of dietary energy.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da energia metabolizável da dieta (EM; 3,40, 3,60 ou 3,80 Mcal/kg) e do peso ao desmame (PD; 4,5 ± 0,4 e 6,7 ± 0,5 kg) sobre o balanço de nitrogênio (BN) e a metabolizabilidade da energia de leitões. 32 leitões machos castrados foram alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo por 28 d em um arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 com cinco animais por tratamento, exceto os tratamentos leve e 3,80 Mcal/kg EM e pesado e 3,40 Mcal/kg EM, que tiveram 6 animais por tratamento. As dietas foram formuladas para manter constante a razão nutriente:energia. O BN foi avaliado em três períodos, via coleta total de fezes e urina. Leitões pesados apresentaram 14% maior N ingerido, absorvido e retido no período inicial e total (P<0,05). Os níveis de EM aumentaram linearmente o N ingerido, absorvido e retido no período inicial e total (P<0,05). Em todos os períodos avaliados, a metabolizabilidade da energia aumentou linearmente com o aumento dos níveis de EM (P<0,05). Conclui-se que leitões desmamados pesados apresentam melhor eficiência na retenção de N. Além disso, o aumento da EM da dieta melhora a retenção de N e a metabolizabilidade da energia da dieta.(AU)

Effect of dietary energy and weaning weight on nitrogen balance and energy metabolizability of piglets / Efeito da energia da dieta e do peso ao desmame sobre o balanço de nitrogênio e metabolizabilidade da energia de leitões

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary metabolizable energy (ME; 3.40, 3.60, or 3.80 Mcal/kg) and weaning weight (WW; 4.5 ± 0.4 and 6.7 ± 0.5 kg) on nitrogen balance (NB) and gross energy metabolizability in weanling piglets. In total, 32 barrow piglets were individually housed in metabolic cages for 28 d in a 2x3 factorial arrangement with five barrows per treatment. Only light and 3.80 ME and heavy and 3.40 ME/kg treatments had six barrows per treatment each. The diets were formulated to maintain a constant nutrient to ME ratio. Nitrogen balance was evaluated in three periods through total collection of feces and urine. Heavy piglets had 14% greater N intake, absorption, and retention in starter and total periods (P<0.05). The increasing in the levels of dietary ME linearly augmented N intake, absorption, and retention during starter and total periods (P<0.05). The dietary ME levels linearly increased energy metabolizability in all periods (P<0.05). In conclusion, heavy weaned piglets had better efficiency in nitrogen retention. Besides, increasing dietary ME levels can improve the N retention and the metabolizability of dietary energy.

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da energia metabolizável da dieta (EM; 3,40, 3,60 ou 3,80 Mcal/kg) e do peso ao desmame (PD; 4,5 ± 0,4 e 6,7 ± 0,5 kg) sobre o balanço de nitrogênio (BN) e a metabolizabilidade da energia de leitões. 32 leitões machos castrados foram alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo por 28 d em um arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 com cinco animais por tratamento, exceto os tratamentos leve e 3,80 Mcal/kg EM e pesado e 3,40 Mcal/kg EM, que tiveram 6 animais por tratamento. As dietas foram formuladas para manter constante a razão nutriente:energia. O BN foi avaliado em três períodos, via coleta total de fezes e urina. Leitões pesados apresentaram 14% maior N ingerido, absorvido e retido no período inicial e total (P<0,05). Os níveis de EM aumentaram linearmente o N ingerido, absorvido e retido no período inicial e total (P<0,05). Em todos os períodos avaliados, a metabolizabilidade da energia aumentou linearmente com o aumento dos níveis de EM (P<0,05). Conclui-se que leitões desmamados pesados apresentam melhor eficiência na retenção de N. Além disso, o aumento da EM da dieta melhora a retenção de N e a metabolizabilidade da energia da dieta.

Édipo, Hamlet e os Coûfontaine: reflexões acerca do Grande Outro / Oedipus, Hamlet et Coûfontaine: réflexions sur le Grand Autre / Oedipus, Hamlet, And Coûfontaine: reflexions on the Big Other

Parto da análise de três tragédias ­Édipo, Hamlet e a trilogia dos Coûfontaine -, realizada por Lacan nos seminários 5, 6 e 8, pela qual ele mostra os impasses subjetivos existentes entre os interesses do desejo e as exigências da lei fundante da cultura. Abordo o impasse do sujeito com o lugar operatório ocupado pelo Nome-do-Pai, que orienta o discurso de cada um. O que torna evidente a impossibilidade de se prescindir da ideia de que o sujeito é originalmente dependente do Outro, sendo sempre afetado por ele, apesar do rebaixamento do lugar da lei simbólica no laço social. Esta ideia justifica a importância para o psicanalista de saber qual é o Outro com o qual cada sujeito dialoga

Je par de l'analyse de trois tragédies ­Oedipe, Hamlet et la trilogie de la Coûfontaine ­par Lacan dans les séminaires 5, 6 e 8, oú il montre les impasses subjectives entre les intérêts du desir et les exigences de la loi fondatrice de la culture. Je m'approche de l'impasse du sujet avec la place opérative occupèe par la Nom-du-Père, qui guide les discours de chacun. Cela rend évident l'impossibilité de se passer de l'idée que le sujet est à l'origine dependant de l'Autre, toujours affecté par lui, malgré la relegation de la place de la loi symbolique dans le lien social. Cette idée justifie l'importance pour le psychanalyste de savoir quel est l'Autre le quel chaque sujet dialogue

I start from de analysis of three tragedies ­Oedipus, Hamlet, and the trilogy of the Coûfontaine -by Lacan in the seminaries 5 ,6 and 8, in which he shows the subjective impasses between the interests of desire and the requirements of the fouding law of culture. I approach the impasse of the subject with the operative place occupied by the Name-of-the-Father, who guides the discouse of each one. This makes it evident that it is impossible to dispense with the idea that the subject is originally dependent on the Other, always being affected by it, despitethe relegation of the place of the symbolic law in the social bond. This idea justifies the importance to the psychoanalyst of knowing which is the Other with which each subject dialogues

Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Oxidative Stress in Muscle Injury Animal Models: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review was performed to identify the role of photobiomodulation therapy on experimental muscle injury models linked to induce oxidative stress. EMBASE, PubMed, and CINAHL were searched for studies published from January 2006 to January 2016 in the areas of laser and oxidative stress. Any animal model using photobiomodulation therapy to modulate oxidative stress was included in analysis. Eight studies were selected from 68 original articles targeted on laser irradiation and oxidative stress. Articles were critically assessed by two independent raters with a structured tool for rating the research quality. Although the small number of studies limits conclusions, the current literature indicates that photobiomodulation therapy can be an effective short-term approach to reduce oxidative stress markers (e.g., thiobarbituric acid-reactive) and to increase antioxidant substances (e.g., catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase). However, there is a nonuniformity in the terminology used to describe the parameters and dose for low-level laser treatment.

Mannan-oligosaccharide and organic acids for weaned piglets / Mananoligossacarídeo e ácidos orgânicos para leitões desmamados

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acetic, propionic, and formic (50%) organic acids and mannan-oligosaccharide (50%) on growth performance, digestibility, and faecal score in challenged weaned piglets. Twenty male piglets (5.57 ± 0.32 kg of BW; 21-24 days of age) were housed individually in metabolic cages for 28 days in an acclimatised room. The treatments were composed of the inclusion (0.1%; n = 10) or not (n = 10) of additive in the diet. The experimental design was completely randomised with two treatments, 10 replicates, and one piglet per replicate. The nutritional matrix was supplemented with 10% of barley and 35.9 to 34.0% of soybean meal in the pre-starter diet (3-14 days post-weaning) and the starter diet (15-28 days post-weaning), respectively, to cause an intestinal challenge. Diets did not include any antimicrobial or growth promoters. Weekly, the animal and the leftover diet were weighed to evaluate growth performance. Digestibility was evaluated through total faeces and urine collection. Piglets fed diets with additive had 8.7% greater weight gain (P < 0.05) compared to those piglets in the control treatment in the starter phase. For other growth performance responses there was no treatment effect. Similarly, the inclusion of additive in the piglet diets did not affect the faecal score or the energy and nutrient digestibility. In the starter phase and throughout the experimental period, piglets fed diets with additive had 18.37% and 15.07% greater nitrogen (N) intake and 19.53% and16.05% greater N retention, respectively, compared to piglets in the control treatment (P < 0.05). Inconclusion, the addition of additive composed by organic acids and mannan-oligosaccharide does notimprove energy and nutrient digestibility but increases the N retention and weight gain in weanedpiglets in the starting phase.(AU)

O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de ácidos orgânicos, acético, propiônico e fórmico (50%) e mananoligossacarídeo (50%), sobre o desempenho, digestibilidade e escore fecal de leitões desafiados. Assim, vinte leitões (21 - 24 d idade), machos castrados, com peso inicial de 5,57 ± 0,32 kg foram alojados em gaiolas de metabolismo por 28 dias, em sala climatizada. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela inclusão (0,1%; n = 10) ou não (n = 10) do aditivo à dieta. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos, 10 repetições e um animal por repetição. Utilizou-se 10% de cevada e 35,9 e 34,0% de farelo de soja na matriz nutricional da dieta pré-inicial (de três a 14 dias pós desmame) e inicial (de 15 a 28 dias pós desmame), respectivamente, com o objetivo de causar um desafio intestinal para os leitões. Não foi usado nenhum tipo de antimicrobiano ou promotor de crescimento. Diariamente o escore fecal foi registrado e semanalmente foi feita pesagem das sobras de ração e dos animais para avaliação do desempenho. A digestibilidade foi avaliada por meio de coleta total de fezes e urina. Leitões suplementados com o aditivo apresentaram ganho de peso 8,7% maior (P < 0,05) que aqueles no tratamento controle, na fase inicial. Para as outras respostas de desempenho não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos.Da mesma forma, a adição de aditivo à dieta não afetou o escore fecal e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes eda energia bruta. Na fase inicial e no período total, leitões que receberam o aditivo na dieta apresentaram18,37 e 15,07% maior nitrogênio consumido e 19,53 e 16,05% maior nitrogênio retido, respectivamente,quando comparado aos leitões do tratamento controle (P < 0,05). A adição do aditivo, contendo ácidosorgânicos e mananoligossacarídeo, não contribui para a melhora na digestibilidade dos nutrientes e daenergia, porém aumenta a retenção de nitrogênio e o ganho de peso dos...(AU)

Mannan-oligosaccharide and organic acids for weaned piglets / Mananoligossacarídeo e ácidos orgânicos para leitões desmamados

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acetic, propionic, and formic (50%) organic acids and mannan-oligosaccharide (50%) on growth performance, digestibility, and faecal score in challenged weaned piglets. Twenty male piglets (5.57 ± 0.32 kg of BW; 21-24 days of age) were housed individually in metabolic cages for 28 days in an acclimatised room. The treatments were composed of the inclusion (0.1%; n = 10) or not (n = 10) of additive in the diet. The experimental design was completely randomised with two treatments, 10 replicates, and one piglet per replicate. The nutritional matrix was supplemented with 10% of barley and 35.9 to 34.0% of soybean meal in the pre-starter diet (3-14 days post-weaning) and the starter diet (15-28 days post-weaning), respectively, to cause an intestinal challenge. Diets did not include any antimicrobial or growth promoters. Weekly, the animal and the leftover diet were weighed to evaluate growth performance. Digestibility was evaluated through total faeces and urine collection. Piglets fed diets with additive had 8.7% greater weight gain (P < 0.05) compared to those piglets in the control treatment in the starter phase. For other growth performance responses there was no treatment effect. Similarly, the inclusion of additive in the piglet diets did not affect the faecal score or the energy and nutrient digestibility. In the starter phase and throughout the experimental period, piglets fed diets with additive had 18.37% and 15.07% greater nitrogen (N) intake and 19.53% and16.05% greater N retention, respectively, compared to piglets in the control treatment (P < 0.05). Inconclusion, the addition of additive composed by organic acids and mannan-oligosaccharide does notimprove energy and nutrient digestibility but increases the N retention and weight gain in weanedpiglets in the starting phase.

O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de ácidos orgânicos, acético, propiônico e fórmico (50%) e mananoligossacarídeo (50%), sobre o desempenho, digestibilidade e escore fecal de leitões desafiados. Assim, vinte leitões (21 - 24 d idade), machos castrados, com peso inicial de 5,57 ± 0,32 kg foram alojados em gaiolas de metabolismo por 28 dias, em sala climatizada. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela inclusão (0,1%; n = 10) ou não (n = 10) do aditivo à dieta. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos, 10 repetições e um animal por repetição. Utilizou-se 10% de cevada e 35,9 e 34,0% de farelo de soja na matriz nutricional da dieta pré-inicial (de três a 14 dias pós desmame) e inicial (de 15 a 28 dias pós desmame), respectivamente, com o objetivo de causar um desafio intestinal para os leitões. Não foi usado nenhum tipo de antimicrobiano ou promotor de crescimento. Diariamente o escore fecal foi registrado e semanalmente foi feita pesagem das sobras de ração e dos animais para avaliação do desempenho. A digestibilidade foi avaliada por meio de coleta total de fezes e urina. Leitões suplementados com o aditivo apresentaram ganho de peso 8,7% maior (P < 0,05) que aqueles no tratamento controle, na fase inicial. Para as outras respostas de desempenho não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos.Da mesma forma, a adição de aditivo à dieta não afetou o escore fecal e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes eda energia bruta. Na fase inicial e no período total, leitões que receberam o aditivo na dieta apresentaram18,37 e 15,07% maior nitrogênio consumido e 19,53 e 16,05% maior nitrogênio retido, respectivamente,quando comparado aos leitões do tratamento controle (P < 0,05). A adição do aditivo, contendo ácidosorgânicos e mananoligossacarídeo, não contribui para a melhora na digestibilidade dos nutrientes e daenergia, porém aumenta a retenção de nitrogênio e o ganho de peso dos...

Photobiomodulation therapy associated with treadmill training in the oxidative stress in a collagen-induced arthritis model.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by chronic and systemic inflammation, which leads to the destruction of the cartilage and bone and affects tissues in multiple joints. Oxidative stress has been implicated with regards to involvement in various disease conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative, respiratory, cardiovascular, and RA diseases. In vivo experimental studies using photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) have shown positive effects in reducing lipid peroxidation and in increasing antioxidant activity. The regular practice of physical exercise has also been reported to be a beneficial treatment capable of reducing oxidative damage. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of photobiomodulation therapy at 2- and 4-J doses associated with physical exercise on oxidative stress in an experimental model of RA in protein expression involving superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and/or catalase (CAT) on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). In this study, 24 male Wistar rats divided into four groups were submitted to an RA model (i.e., collagen-induced arthritis, CIA), with the first immunization performed at the base of the tail on days 0 and 7 were included. After 28 days, a third intraarticular dose was administered in both knees of the animals. After the last induction, PBMT was started immediately, transcutaneously at two points (i.e., the medial and lateral), with a total of 15 applications. Treadmill exercise was also started the day after the last induction, and lasted for 5 weeks. With respect to results, we obtained the decreases in the lipid peroxidation and the increases of the antioxidant activities of SOD, GPX and CAT, with physical exercise associated to PBMT in doses of 2 and 4 J. In conclusion, physical exercise associated with PBMT decreases lipid peroxidation and increases antioxidant activity.

Saúde e qualidade de vida: discursos de docentes no cotidiano de uma escola pública de Santa Catarina / Health and quality of life: teachers' speeches in daily life of a public school in Santa Catarina / Salud y calidad de vida: discursos de docentes en el cotidiano de una escuela pública de Santa Catarina

Resumo A pesquisa teve por objetivo conhecer as concepções sobre saúde, doença, qualidade de vida e temas afins de docentes de uma escola pública de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, 2013. Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, com dados coletados por meio de grupo focal e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A estratégia de grupo focal adotada foi orientada segundo a abordagem do ‘círculo de cultura’, no qual os participantes expressaram suas concepções sobre os temas estudados e refletiram sobre como contribuir com estratégias de promoção da saúde no contexto escolar por meio da educação em saúde. O universo da pesquisa foi formado por 16 docentes da rede estadual de ensino; oito docentes confirmaram a participação no grupo focal e, desses, apenas seis compareceram do primeiro ao último encontro. Ao final os dados revelaram que os docentes percebem uma estreita relação entre saúde e qualidade de vida e que uma vida saudável é possível na presença de enfermidade. Enfatizaram a necessidade de maior participação dos pais e profissionais da saúde no processo de educação em saúde e, também, de um preparo sistemático e permanente sobre as questões que envolvam saúde no contexto escolar. As concepções dos docentes reafirmam que a dimensão social sobressai à biológica e que o conhecimento e a valorização desses aspectos, na prática docente, podem ampliar as ações em saúde.

Abstract The research aimed to know the conceptions of health, disease, quality of life and other topics in teachers of a public school in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2013. A qualitative and descriptive study was carried out with data collected in focus group and semi-structured interviews. The focal group strategy was oriented on the approach of the ‘circle of culture’, in which the participants expressed their concepts on the studied themes and reflected on how to contribute to health promotion strategies in the school context through education on health. The research universe included 16 teachers from state schools; eight teachers confirmed their participation in the focus group and, of these, only six attended the first to the last meeting. At the end, the data revealed that teachers perceive a close relationship between health and quality of life and that a healthy life is possible in the presence of disease. They emphasized the need for greater participation of parents and health professionals in the health education process and also a systematic and continuing preparation on issues involving health in the school context. Conceptions of teachers reaffirm that the social dimension exceeds the biological one and that knowledge and appreciation of these aspects, in teaching practice, can broaden health actions.

Resumen La investigación tuvo por objetivo conocer las concepciones sobre salud, enfermedad, calidad de vida y temas afines de docentes de una escuela pública de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, 2013. Estudio cualitativo, de naturaleza descriptiva, con datos colectados por medio de grupo focal y entrevistas semiestructuradas. La estrategia de grupo focal adoptada fue orientada según el abordaje del ‘círculo de cultura’, en el cual los participantes expresaron sus concepciones sobre los temas estudiados y reflejan sobre como contribuir con estrategias de promoción de la salud en el contexto escolar por medio de educación en salud. El universo de la investigación fue formado por 16 docentes de la red estadual de enseño; ocho docentes confirmaron la participación en el grupo focal y, de esos, apenas seis comparecieron del primero al último encuentro. Al final los datos revelaron que los docentes perciben una estrecha relación entre salud y calidad de vida y que una vida saludable es posible en la presencia de enfermedad. Enfatizaron la necesidad de mayor participación de los padres y profesionales de la salud en el proceso de educación en salud y, también, de un preparo sistemático y permanente sobre las cuestiones que envuelven salud en el contexto escolar. Las concepciones de los docentes reafirman que la dimensión social sobresale a la biológica y que el conocimiento y la valorización de esos aspectos, en la práctica docente, pueden ampliar las acciones en salud.

O feminismo e seus destinos / Féminisme et leurs destinations / The feminism and its destinations

O objetivo desse trabalho é refletir sobre o discurso feminista radical, que cada vez mais encontra lugar de destaque na mídia, mas parece não refletir a posição da maioria das mulheres. Ele promove a representação do feminino e do masculino vinculados aos papéis da vítima e do dominador respectivamente. A queda do império masculino gerou perda de referências, angústia e desejo de vingança por parte dos homens. As mulheres, desencantadas e frustradas, contra-atacaram. Como efeito: o separatismo sexual(AU)

Objectif de ce travail est de réfléchir à propos du discurs féministeradical, qui de plus en plus gagne une place de premier plan dans les médias, mais qui ne semble pas refléter la position de la majorité des femmes. Il favorise la representation du féminin et du masculin liée aux rôles de la victime et du maître respectivement. Lachute de l’Empire des hommes a généré une perte de références, une anxiété et un désir de vengeance de la part des hommes. Les femmes, désenchantés et frustrées, contre-attaquent. La conséquence: le séparatisme sexuel(AU)

The aim of this work is to reflect on the radical feminist discourse that finds itself, more and more, having an outstanding place in the media, but that doesn’t seem to reflect the opinion of most women. It promotes the representation of female and male figures portrayed as victim and dominator, respectively. The fall of the male emperor generated a loss of references, anxiety, and a wish for revenge from men. The women disillusioned and frustrated, have reacted by counter-attacking. As matter of fact: the sexual separation(AU)

O feminismo e seus destinos / Féminisme et leurs destinations / The feminism and its destinations

O objetivo desse trabalho é refletir sobre o discurso feminista radical, que cada vez mais encontra lugar de destaque na mídia, mas parece não refletir a posição da maioria das mulheres. Ele promove a representação do feminino e do masculino vinculados aos papéis da vítima e do dominador respectivamente. A queda do império masculino gerou perda de referências, angústia e desejo de vingança por parte dos homens. As mulheres, desencantadas e frustradas, contra-atacaram. Como efeito: o separatismo sexual.

Objectif de ce travail est de réfléchir à propos du discurs féministeradical, qui de plus en plus gagne une place de premier plan dans les médias, mais qui ne semble pas refléter la position de la majorité des femmes. Il favorise la representation du féminin et du masculin liée aux rôles de la victime et du maître respectivement. Lachute de l’Empire des hommes a généré une perte de références, une anxiété et un désir de vengeance de la part des hommes. Les femmes, désenchantés et frustrées, contre-attaquent. La conséquence: le séparatisme sexuel.

The aim of this work is to reflect on the radical feminist discourse that finds itself, more and more, having an outstanding place in the media, but that doesn’t seem to reflect the opinion of most women. It promotes the representation of female and male figures portrayed as victim and dominator, respectively. The fall of the male emperor generated a loss of references, anxiety, and a wish for revenge from men. The women disillusioned and frustrated, have reacted by counter-attacking. As matter of fact: the sexual separation.

Influence of Surface Roughness on the Fatigue Life of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instruments.

INTRODUCTION: The goal of the present study was to evaluate the influence of surface grooves (peaks and valleys) resulting from machining during the manufacturing process of polished and unpolished nickel-titanium BR4C endodontic files on the fatigue life of the instruments. METHODS: Ten electropolished and 10 unpolished endodontic files were provided by the manufacturer. Specimens were from the same batch, but the unpolished instruments were removed from the production line before surface treatment. The instruments were evaluated with a profilometer to quantify the surface roughness on the working part of the instruments. Then the files were subjected to rotating bending fatigue tests. RESULTS: Analysis with the profilometer showed that surface grooves were deeper on the unpolished instruments compared with their electropolished counterparts. In the rotating bending fatigue test, the mean and standard deviation for the number of cycles until fracture (NCF) were greater for instruments with less pronounced grooves. Student t test revealed significant differences in all tests (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The results from the present study showed that the depth of the surface grooves on the working part affected the NCF of the instruments tested; the smaller the groove depth, the greater the NCF.

Par ou Ímpar? Uma leitura dos impasses das parcerias amorosas entre homens e mulheres na clínica contemporânea / Pair ou impair? Une vision à propos des nouvelles liaisons amoureuses entre hommes etfemmes dansla clinique contemporaine / Evens orodds? A reading ofthe impasses deadlocks of new lovepartnerships between man and woman in contemporary clinical

Essa pesquisa estuda o desacordo existente entre o desejo e o discurso de homens e mulheres nos dias de hoje. Dentro de uma perspectiva psicanalítica,avaliamos as transformações que teriam ocorrido com as subjetividades responsáveis por as fazerem deslizar do laço do casamento, da modernidade, para um exílio em que muitos se encontram atualmente. Parece que a liberação sexual estendeu-se e,por vezes, adiou a escolha de um homem por uma mulher evice-versa. Escolher implica em se castrar. No entanto, o sujeito contemporâneo, atravessado pela ideologia de que é proibido proibir, em conjunto com a lógica de um capitalismo consumista, acredita ‘tudo poder’. Essa reflexão desemboca na prática psicanalítica visando a demanda desse sujeito contemporâneo e, exige uma nova escuta e uma nova prática(AU)

Cette recherche fait face audésaccord qui éxiste entre le désir et le discours des hommes et des femmes de nos jours. Adoptant une perspective psychanalytique, nous évaluonsles changements qui ont eu lieu dans la subjectiivité moderne et qui ont engendré l’échange dulien par le mariage contre un éxil dans lequel un nombre de personnes se trouvent actuellement. Il semble que la liberté sexuelle a étendu voire ralentile choix d’un homme pour une femme et vice-versa. Car choisir implique ense faire castrer. Néanmoins, le sujet contemporain, traversé par l’idéologie qu’il est interdit d’interdire, de pair avecune logique de capitalisme consommateur, semble croire que tout est permis. Cette réflexion débouche, dans le cadre de la pratique psychanalytique, sur une demande du sujet contemporain et sur de nouvelles formes d’ecoute et de pratique clinique(AU)

This research tackles the existing disagreement between desire and speech of men and women today. Witha psychoanalytic perspective, we evaluatethechanges that have occurred withsubjectivities that have caused them to drift away from the bond of marriage,frommodernity, towardsanexile where many currently findthemselves. It seems that sexual liberation has stretchedand, it has sometimes delayed the choice of a man for a woman and vice-versa. Choice implies castration. However, the contemporary subject, caught in betweenthe ideology that it is forbidden to forbid andthe logic of consumerist capitalism, believesthat itcan do it all. This reflectioncalls for the psychoanalytic method, aiming to address the demand of this contemporary subject and demanding a new type of clinical practice(AU)