A protocol for an overview of systematic reviews to map photodynamic inactivation evidence in different dental specialties.

This is a protocol for an overview to summarize the findings of Systematic Reviews (SR) dealing with Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) for control of oral diseases. Specific variables of oral infectious will be considered as outcomes, according to dental specialty. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), MEDLINE, LILACS, Embase, and Epistemonikos will be searched, as well as reference lists. A search strategy was developed for each database using only terms related to the intervention (PDI) aiming to maximize sensitivity. After checking for duplicate entries, selection of reviews will be performed in a two-stage technique: two authors will independently screening titles and abstracts, and then full texts will be assessed for inclusion/exclusion criteria. Any disagreement will be resolved through discussion and/or consultation with a third reviewer. Data will be extracted following the recommendations in Chapter V of Cochrane Handbook and using an electronic pre-specified form. The evaluation of the methodological quality and risk of bias (RoB) of the SR included will be carried out using the AMSTAR 2 and ROBIS. Narrative summaries of relevant results from the individual SR will be carried out and displayed in tables and figures. A specific summary will focus on PDI parameters and study designs, such as the type and concentration of photosensitizer, pre-irradiation time, irradiation dosimetry, and infection or microbiological models, to identify the PDI protocols with clinical potential. We will summarize the quantitative results of the SRs narratively.

Curcuminoid-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis.

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) has been extensively investigated in vitro, and preclinical animal models of infections are suitable for evaluating alternative treatments prior to clinical trials. This study describes the efficacy of aPDT in a murine model of oral candidiasis. Forty mice were immunosuppressed with subcutaneous injections of prednisolone, and their tongues were inoculated using an oral swab previously soaked in a C. albicans cell suspension. Tetracycline was administered via drinking water during the course of the experiment. Five days after fungal inoculation, mice were randomly distributed into eight groups; a ninth group of untreated uninfected mice was included as a negative control (n = 5). Three concentrations (20 µM, 40 µM, and 80 µM) of a mixture of curcuminoids were tested with a blue LED light (89.2 mW/cm2; ~455 nm) and without light (C+L+ and C+L- groups, respectively). Light alone (C-L+), no treatment (C-L-), and animals without infection were evaluated as controls. Data were analyzed using Welch's ANOVA and Games-Howell tests (α = 0.05). Oral candidiasis was established in all infected animals and visualized macroscopically through the presence of characteristic white patches or pseudomembranes on the dorsum of the tongues. Histopathological sections confirmed a large presence of yeast and filaments limited to the keratinized layer of the epithelium in the C-L- group, and the presence of fungal cells was visually decreased in the images obtained from mice subjected to aPDT with either 40 µM or 80 µM curcuminoids. aPDT mediated by 80 µM curcuminoids promoted a 2.47 log10 reduction in colony counts in comparison to those in the C-L- group (p = 0.008). All other groups showed no statistically significant reduction in the number of colonies, including photosensitizer (C+L-) or light alone (C-L+) groups. Curcuminoid-mediated aPDT reduced the fungal load from the tongues of mice.

Effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on self-assessment and diagnosis of halitosis in undergraduate dental students.

BACKGROUND: The effects of fixed orthodontic therapy on the occurrence of halitosis are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on self-assessment and diagnosis of halitosis in undergraduate dental students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-two undergraduate dental students were included in this cross-sectional study. Two groups (n = 31 per group) were composed of participants with (study group) or without (control group) fixed orthodontic appliance. Halitosis self-assessment and clinical diagnosis were assessed using a visual analogic scale (VAS) and sulfur volatile compounds (SVCs) assessment, respectively. The subjective (VAS) and objective (SVC) malodor assessments were classified in absence, light, moderate, or severe malodor. Chi-square Pearson test and Spearman's correlation were applied for data analysis, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The use of fixed orthodontic appliances had no effect on self-assessment (P = 0.490) or clinical diagnosis (P = 0.610) of halitosis. Self-assessment was not significantly associated with the diagnosis of halitosis regardless the use of fixed orthodontic appliance (P ≥ 0.737). Male participants showed higher diagnosis of halitosis (P = 0.007). SVC measurements showed the absence of halitosis in 51.6% and 58.1% of participants with or without orthodontic appliances, respectively. CONCLUSION: The use of fixed orthodontic appliances affected the self-assessment of halitosis but no SVC measurements. It was not verified a correlation between subjective and objective methods to diagnose halitosis in dental students.

Profilaxia antibiótica no contexto de cirurgias de terceiros molares retidos em pacientes saudáveis: é justificável? / Antibiotic prophylaxis in the context of impacted third molar surgery in health patients: is it justifiable?

Introdução: as cirurgias em terceiros molares retidos são procedimentos frequentes na prática clínica de cirurgiões-dentistas e estão associadas com inúmeras complicações trans e pós-operatórias. Alguns autores recomendam a utilização de antibióticos locais e sistêmicos com o intuito de prevenir essas complicações. Não obstante, a profilaxia antibiótica para extração de terceiros molares é objeto de controvérsias no tocante à sua eficácia com relação a prevenção de complicações pós-cirúrgicas onde evidências científicas acerca de suas vantagens e desvantagens ainda são limitadas. Objetivo: o presente trabalho objetivou buscar na literatura vigente evidências científicas acerca do papel da profilaxia antibiótica para prevenção ou redução de complicações infecciosas pós-operatórias no contexto das cirurgias em terceiros molares retidos em pacientes saudáveis. Método: para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter exploratório bases de dados eletrônicas SciELO, PubMed, EBSCO, EMBASE, LILACS, BIREME e Oviatt Library por artigos publicados em inglês e português nos últimos 5 anos, utilizando como descritores: amoxicilina/amoxicilin, antibioticoprofilaxia/antibiotic treatment, cirurgia odontológica/oral surgery, e dente serotino/third molar. Após o levantamento bibliográfico, procedeu-se com a seleção, tradução, leitura analítica e análise dos dados colhidos. Conclusão: existem controvérsias no tocante ao uso profilático de antibióticos para prevenção de complicações inflamatórias pós-operatórias em se tratando de cirurgia de terceiros molares retidos. No entanto, é possível afirmar com base na literatura vigente que no contexto de pacientes saudáveis, essa prática deve desencorajada.

Introduction: impacted third molar surgeries are common procedures in the clinical practice of dentists and are associated with several trans and postoperative complications. Some authors recommend the use of local and systemic antibiotics in order to prevent post-operative complications. However, antibiotic prophylaxis for third molar extraction is the object of controversy regarding its efficacy to the prevention of post-surgical complications in which scientific evidence about its advantages and disadvantages is still limited. Objective: this study aimed to search, in the current literature, for scientific evidences regarding of the role of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent or to reduce postoperative complications in the context of impacted third molar surgeries in healthy patients. Methods: in order to achieve such purpose, it was carried out an exploratory literature review on the electronic databases SciELO, PubMed, EBSCO, EMBASE, LILACS, BIREME and Oviatt Library, searching for articles published in English and Portuguese in the last five years, using as keywords: amoxicillina/amoxicillin, antibiótico/antibiotic treatment, cirurgia odontológica/oral surgery and Dente Serotino/third molar. Following the literature review, it was conducted a selection, translation, analytical reading and analysis of the data collected. Conclusion: by way of general conclusion, there are some controversies regarding the prophylactic use of antibiotics to prevent postoperative inflammatory complications in the case of third molars surgery. However, it can be said that based on the current literature in the context of healthy patients this practice should be discouraged.