Mechanistic view of MoS2 confined chitosan-polyaniline hybrid composite for the photo-oxidation of cationic dyes.

In this article, we describe the formulation of polyaniline-chitosan/MoS2 (PANI-CS @MoS2) blended composite and evaluated its efficiency to degrade the dye molecules Rhodamine B (RhB) and Malachite Green (MG) under visible light. In the photocatalytic mechanism, the CS acts as an electron carrier and binding agent during the oxidation reaction to decrease the recombination of electrons and holes generated by the irradiation of light. FTIR, XPS, XRD, TG, Zeta Potential, UV, SEM, AFM and TEM were used to characterize the PANI-CS@MoS2 composite after it had been synthesized. For the degradation analysis, 30 mg/L concentrations of 50 mL MG and RhB dye solutions were used. The recommended dosage of the composite was 100 mg. For MG and RhB dyes, the colour removal rates were 96.2 % and 91.5 %, respectively, under exposure to visible light and at the pH ranges of 8-11. After being exposed to visible light for 60 min, the whole decay process was accomplished. The photocatalyst offers great extensibility up to five iterations. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model governs the rate of dye molecules degradation. The result of the study revealed that the PANI-CS@MoS2 composite matrix perhaps be a trustworthy and practical substrate for the efficient refinement of dye-deteriorated water⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.

Bioactive fraction of Tragia involucrata Linn leaves attenuates inflammation in Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in Wistar albino rats via inhibiting NF-κB.

Tragia involucrata Linn. (T. involucrata) belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae found in the subtropical regions. Traditionally, the plant parts are used to treat inflammation, wounds and skin infection by people of the Western Ghats, India. Few studies on the acute anti-inflammatory activity of T. involucrata extracts were reported earlier. The present study aims to identify the bioactive fraction of T. involucrata and to evaluate its mechanism in Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model. The leaf extract was highly effective among the methanolic leaf and root extracts. The hexane (HF) and a methanolic fraction (MF) of the leaf extract of T involucrata were further identified as a bioactive fraction evaluated through protein denaturation assay. The HF and MF were further studied for their anti-inflammatory potential in a chronic inflammatory model, and their mechanism of action was explored further. Arthritis was induced by administering 0.1 ml of CFA intradermally. The treatment was started the next day with HF (100 and 250 mg/kg/day) and MF (100 and 250 mg/kg/day), while the HF and MF alone group served as the drug control, Indomethacin-treated group served as the positive control. On the 25th day, the animals were euthanized, and their body weight, paw thickness, arthritic score, spleen and thymus weight, haematological parameters, biochemical parameters, radiographs and histopathology were analyzed. Results showed that the MF-treated animals maintained dry weight, reduced paw thickness, arthritic scores, and haematological and biological parameters compared to the HF-treated and CFA-induced arthritic rats. Both radiological and histopathological analyses of the joints revealed that the MF-treated groups restored bone architecture without any erosion and normal tissue architecture with nil signs of active inflammation. Western blot analysis revealed that MF has effectively inhibited the protein expression levels of MMP-3, MMP-9, and NF-κB in the synovial tissues compared to that of CFA-induced arthritic rats. Besides, HPLC analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, including gallic acid, rutin and Quercetin, in the MF of T. involucrata, which had shown to have potent anti-inflammatory potential. Thus, it can be emphasized that T. involucrata could be a potential therapeutic candidate for treating inflammatory diseases, which needs further experimental studies to confirm its safety and efficacy.

Sudden Death Due to Cardiac Tamponade Secondary to Myocardial Infarction Ventricular Wall Rupture.

Sudden deaths due to natural causes are commonly seen in forensic practice, most of which are attributed to cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac tamponade (CT) is one of the causes of sudden cardiac death, with a fatal outcome usually detected at autopsy. While both trauma and non-traumatic causes are responsible for CT, it is a known complication of acute myocardial infarction leading to cardiac rupture that involves the ventricular wall, septum, and papillary muscles. We report the case of a 50-year-old male who collapsed suddenly and was declared dead in the Trauma and Emergency Unit of the hospital before admission. Autopsy findings revealed 250 mL of blood and a 206 g blood clot in the pericardial cavity with a vertical tear on the posterolateral surface of the left ventricle with focal hemorrhagic myocardium consistent with acute myocardial infarction. The cause of death was CT as a result of myocardial rupture due to acute myocardial infarction. The gross and histopathological findings were diagnostic and revealed thrombosis of the left circumflex artery, transmural myocardial infarction, and ruptured myocardium of the left ventricle.

Comparative evaluation of stresses in tooth implant connected fixed partial denture by varying the implant design and position: a 3D finite element study.

AIM: This study aims at evaluating stresses generated in a fixed tooth to implant connected fixed partial denture (FPD) by finite element method by varying implant design and position, in unilateral distal extension cases, i.e. for replacing mandibular 1 st and 2 nd molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four models were created, Model 1-A finite element model (FEA) model of a crestal implant-tooth connected metal ceramic FPD with pontic in 36 region. The 35 region simulated the second premolar. Model 2-A FEA model of a basal implant-tooth connected metal ceramic FPD. Model 3-A FEA model of a crestal implant in 36 region connected to tooth 35 and cantilevered posteriorly with pontic in 37 region, made of metal ceramic. Model 4-A FEA model of a basal implant in 36 region connected to tooth 35 and cantilevered posteriorly with pontic in 37 region, made of metal ceramic. A vertical force of 100N directed evenly on the nodes on the occlusal surface of each of the three crowns. The models displayed stress both numerically and by color coding. RESULTS: On comparing models 1 and 2, the model 1 showed comparatively more stresses in crestal bone area of the implant. On comparing models 3 and 4, model 3 showed lesser von misses stress values. CONCLUSION: In case of tooth implant connected FPDs without any cantilevers, basal implants show better stress distribution when compared to crestal implants. In case of cantilever designs, crestal implant design showed lower stress values, but the difference in stresses were less.