ABSTRACT
Primary giant cell tumour (GCT) originating from the sternum is rare. We report a case of painless slow growing sternal GCT in a 28-year-old man. Computed tomography showed a destructive lesion of the sternal body. Total sternectomy and reconstruction with polypropylene mesh and methyl methacrylate were performed. The tumour was 16 × 13 × 12 cm in size, and the histopathological examination confirmed GCT. Surgical resection of sternal GCT and appropriate reconstruction are important to minimize local recurrence and maintain good functional and aesthetic outcome.
ABSTRACT
Gastric cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies and is associated with poor prognosis. Exploring alterations in the proteomic landscape of gastric cancer is likely to provide potential biomarkers for early detection and molecules for targeted therapeutic intervention. Using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis, we identified 22 proteins that were overexpressed and 17 proteins that were downregulated in gastric tumor tissues as compared to the adjacent normal tissue. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) was found to be 7-fold overexpressed in gastric tumor tissues. Immunohistochemical labeling of tumor tissue microarrays for validation of CAMKK2 overexpression revealed that it was indeed overexpressed in 94% (92 of 98) of gastric cancer cases. Silencing of CAMKK2 using siRNA significantly reduced cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that CAMKK2 signals in gastric cancer through AMPK activation and suggest that CAMKK2 could be a novel therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase/metabolism , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism , AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors , Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase/genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Enzyme Activation , Gene Expression , Gene Silencing , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Molecular Targeted Therapy , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Proteome , Proteomics , Reproducibility of Results , Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapyABSTRACT
Ghee, the anhydrous milk fat, is one of the most important sources of dietary fat in India. Male Wistar rats were fed diets containing 2.5, 5.0 and 10 wt% ghee for a period of 8 weeks. The diets were made isocaloric with groundnut oil. The results showed that serum thromboxane levels decreased by 27-35%, and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha by 23-37% when ghee was incorporated at level of 10% in the diet. Prostaglandin E2 levels in serum and secretion of leukotrienes B4, C4 and D4 by peritoneal macrophages activated with calcium ionophore decreased when increased amounts of ghee from 2.5 to 10% were included in the diet. Arachidonic acid levels in macrophage phospholipids decreased when incremental amounts of ghee were fed to rats. These studies indicate that ghee in the diet not only lowers the prostaglandin levels in serum but also decreases the secretion of leukotrienes by macrophages.
