ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Several synthetic drugs are useful in the treatment of peptic ulcer, but almost of these drugs are used in prolonging time, it may cause several adverse reactions. However, the herbal medicines are more potent to the treatment and minimize the side effects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the methanol extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia Linn. (MEJG) for gastro protective activity against Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anti-ulcer potency of MEJG (100 and 200 mg/kg, b.w.) was assessed using aspirin (200 mg/kg, p.o.) plus pylorus ligation ulcer model and the parameters studied were ulcer index (UI), gastric juice volume, pH, total acidity, and total acid output. Same extract was studied by ethanol-induced (80%, 5 mL/kg, intragastrically) ulcer model, and the UI and biochemical parameters were studied. RESULTS: The oral administration of MEJG (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.001) attenuated the ulcer score and anti-secretary parameters (such as the volume of gastric content, free acidity, total acidity, and total acid output) in the aspirin plus pylorus ligation rats. The extract also significantly attenuated (P < 0.001) ulcer score in ethanol-induced ulcer model and lipid peroxidation level and significantly increased the level of glutathione peroxides, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity. The MEJG may possess active constituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and terpenes, which may play a major role in gastroprotective effect in Wistar rats. CONCLUSION: The present study provides scientific support for the anti-ulcer activities of extracts of JG and also claimed that antioxidant potential of the extracts. However, substantiates the traditional claims for the usage of this drug in the treatment of gastric ulcer. SUMMARY: The methanolic extract of jatropha gossypiifolia Linn. for gastro protective activity against aspirin plus pyloric ligation and ethanol induced ulcer models was studied in Wistar rats. JG shows significantly attenuated the ulcer score in both models. And also attenuated in anti-secretory parameters in aspirin induced ulcer model. MEJG may possess active constituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and terpenes, which may play a major role in gastroprotective effect in Wistar rats. Abbreviation Used: MEJG: Methanolic extract of jatropha gossypiifolia, mg: Milli gram, kg: Kilogram, b.w.: Body weight, p.o.: Per oral, UI: Ulcer index, pH: Concentration of H+ ion, mL: Milli litre, JG: Jatropha gossypiifolia,USD: United States Dollar, NSAIDs: Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, v/v: Volume by volume, w/v: Weight by volume, SCMC: Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, g: Gram, h: Hour, °C: Degree centigrade, n: Number, Rpm: Rotation per minute, Min: Minute, N: Normality, NaoH: Sodium hydroxide, mM - Millimole, TBA: Thiobarbituric acid, nmol: Nanomole, nm: Nanometer, GPx: Glutathione peroxidase, GSH: Reduced glutathione, H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, ANOVA: Analysis of Variance, µmol: Micromole.
ABSTRACT
An appropriate model to predict the effect of xenobiotics on the vision perception in neuropsychoharmacological studies is of great importance in drug development and toxicity studies. The present study valuated the effect of CNS stimulant, depressant and therapeutic agents known to have ocular toxicity on ptomotor response (OMR) using goldfish in a newly developed device. A digital light processing aided gyrating poly-chromatic dotted pattern-OMR (Gyro-dot-OMR) analyzer was developed and standardized for this study in our laboratory. Goldfishes were exposed to varying concentrations of caffeine and pentobarbitone sodium to evaluate the effect of CNS stimulation and depression on OMR in white light. Ethambutol induced ocular toxicity was evaluated by intravitreal injection into both eyes of goldfishes. They were subjected for polychromatic Gyro-dot-OMR in both clock and anticlockwise directions. At the low concentration (5, 10 and 20 ng/mL) caffeine exposed animals showed significant (p<0.05) stimulant effect and the EC(50) of caffeine in goldfish was found to be 4.806 ng/mL. In contrast, pentbbarbitone sodium treated fishes showed significant (p<0.05) depressant effect with increasing the concentration. Ethambutol toxicity was reflected by the color iscrimination in the Gyro-dot-OMR pattern. For the first time, this model proved the possibility of running Irwin profile test on goldfish using Gyro-dot-OMR. This model successfully predicted ethambutol induced toxicity with poor discrimination of red-green color. This model can be used for predicting toxicity of drugs affecting vision perception.
