ABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre el consumo de infusiones de plantas medicinales y la presencia de incontinencia urinaria (IU), así como establecer cuáles son las plantas más frecuentemente utilizadas y si existe alguna asociación entre éstas y los distintos tipos de IU. Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, multicéntrico en cinco Centros de Salud Urbanos del área metropolitana de Barcelona. Participaron 392 mujeres, elegidas sistemáticamente a partir de la consulta diaria. Las variables de estudio fueron: edad, antecedentes patológicos y farmacológicos y actividad física. Se utilizó un cuestionario autoadministrado de frecuencia de consumo de infusiones y un cuestionario validado para evaluar presencia y tipo de incontinencia. Resultados: un 33,6%% de las mujeres participantes en el estudio padecía IU, de ellas un 29,7% presentaban IU de esfuerzo, IU de urgencia un 32,8% e IU mixta un 31,3%. La infusión más consumida fue la de manzanilla (44,9%). La ingesta de café fue superior en las mujeres incontinentes pero no alcanzó significación estadística. El consumo de infusiones se asoció significativamente con la IU (44,3% frente a 24,9%, p<0,0001). La IU más frecuente entre las consumidoras fue la de urgencia. Se encontró una relación entre la frecuencia de consumo de poleo y la presencia de IU, mientras que con la salvia aparecía una relación inversa. El análisis multivariante mostró que el consumo de infusiones y el número de plantas distintas fueron los factores más relacionados con la presencia de IU (OR de toma de infusiones: 2,7; IC95%:1,69; 4,40). Conclusiones: La manzanilla es la infusión más utilizada. El consumo de infusiones se asocia con mayor frecuencia de incontinencia. El consumo de poleo y tila aumenta la frecuencia de incontinencia, mientras que el de salvia la disminuye. El tipo de IU más relacionado con la toma de infusiones de plantas medicinales es la IU de urgencia (AU)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the consumption of herbal teas and the presence of urinary incontinence (UI), and establish which plants are most frequently used and whether any association exists between them and the different types of UI. A descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study was performed in five urban Health Centers of greater Barcelona. Participants were 392 women, systematically selected from daily practice. The study variables were: age, pathological and pharmacological history and physical activity. A self-administered questionnaire on herbal tea consumption frequency and a validated questionnaire to assess the presence and type of incontinence were used. Results: 33.6% of the women in the study suffered from IU, of which 29.7% was stress UI, 32.8% urge UI and 31.3% mixed UI. The most consumed herbal tea was chamomile (44.9%). Coffee intake was higher in incontinent women but did not reach statistical significance. Tea consumption was significantly associated with UTI (44.3 % vs. 24.9%, p <0.0001). Urge UI was the most common UI among herbal tea consumer women. A relationship between the frequency of pennyroyal consumption and the presence of UI was found, while an inverse relationship was found the case of sage. Multivariate analysis showed that herbal tea consumption and the number of different plants were the factors most related to the presence of UI (OR for herbal tea consumption: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.69; 4.40). Conclusions: Chamomile tea is the most widely used. Herbal tea consumption is associated with to an increased frequency of UI. Pennyroyal and lime flower consumption increases UI frequency, whereas sage decreases it. Urge UI is the UI type most associated with herbal tea consumption (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Urinary Incontinence/complications , Urinary Incontinence/therapy , Plants, Medicinal/classification , Plants, Medicinal , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Chamomile , Salvia , Phytotherapy/methods , Risk Factors , Plant Preparations/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Mentha pulegium/adverse effects , Tilia , Primary Health Care/methods , Urinary Incontinence/classification , Urinary Incontinence/epidemiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
AIM OF THE STUDY: To correlate hepatitis A virus cellular receptor (HAVCR)/kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumours with patient outcome and study the consequences of HAVCR/KIM-1 ectodomain shedding. METHODS: HAVCR/KIM-1 expression in ccRCC, oncocytomes, papillary carcinomas and unaffected tissue counterparts was evaluated. Minimal change disease and pre-clamping normal and ccRCC tissue biopsies were included. Tissue microarrays from 98 ccRCC tumours were analysed. Tumour registry data and patient outcome were retrospectivelly collected. Deletions in HAVCR/KIM-1 ectodomain and lentiviral infection of 786-O cells with HAVCR/KIM-1 mutated constructs to determine their subcellular distribution and invasive capacity were performed. RESULTS: HAVCR/KIM-1 was expressed in ccRCC, papillary tumours and in tubule cells of adjacent and distal unaffected counterparts of ccRCC tumours. The latest was not related to ischemic or tumour-related paracrine effects since pre-clamping normal biopsies were positive for HAVCR/KIM-1 and unaffected counterparts of papillary tumours were negative. HAVCR/KIM-1 analyses in patients and the invasive capacity of HAVCR/KIM-1 shedding mutants in cell lines demonstrated that: (i) relative low HAVCR/KIM-1 membrane levels correlate with activated shedding in ccRCC patients and mutant cell lines; (ii) augmented shedding directly correlates with higher invasiveness and tumour malignancy. CONCLUDING STATEMENTS: Constitutive expression of HAVCR/KIM-1 in kidney might constitute a susceptibility trait for ccRCC tumour development. Enhanced HAVCR/KIM-1 ectodomain shedding promotes invasive phenotype in vitro and more aggressive tumours in vivo.
