ABSTRACT
Introducción: El número de pacientes en tratamiento con opioides de forma crónica sometidos a una cirugía espinal ha aumentado en los últimos años. Los registros de dolor mediante la escala visual analógica (EVA) y el consumo de opioides durante el postoperatorio son más elevados en esta clase de pacientes.Material y métodos: Siguiendo las recomendaciones de la American Pain Society (APS), en 2018 se diseñó un nuevo protocolo analgésico intra y postoperatorio basado en el uso de ketamina. En el intraoperatorio, se administró un bolus de 0,5 mg/kg de ketamina, seguido por una perfusión a dosis de 0,2 mg/kg/h hasta el cierre de la herida. Durante las 48 horas postoperatorias, se mantuvo una bomba de analgesia controlada por el paciente (PCA) de morfina-ketamina junto con un régimen de analgesia multimodal con paracetamol y dexketoprofeno. Se realizó un análisis de la efectividad del nuevo protocolo (grupo ketamina) comparándolo con el protocolo seguido el año anterior (grupo control), basado en el uso de tramadol 100 mg/6 h o PCA de morfina. Se analizaron los registros de dolor mediante la escala verbal numérica (EVN) durante las primeras 48 horas postoperatorias, la necesidad de administración de bolus puntuales de morfina y la necesidad de iniciar una perfusión continua de morfina (grupo control) o morfina ketamina (grupo ketamina). Resultados: Los pacientes del grupo ketamina presentaron EVN inferiores a los del grupo control durante las dos primeras horas postoperatorias (p = 0,001) y menores necesidades de rescates de morfina en el segundo día postoperatorio (p = 0,003). La necesidad de perfusión continua de morfina-ketamina fue significativamente inferior a la necesidad de inicio de perfusión continua de morfina en el grupo control (p = 0,011). Conclusión: El protocolo basado en el uso de ketamina consiguió mejorar el control del dolor postoperatorio y reducir de forma significativa el consumo de opioides en las primeras 48 horas...(AU)
Introduction: The number of patients receiving chronic opioids undergoing spinal surgery has increased lately. Elevate records in visual analog scale (VAS) and opioid consumption are higher in this group of patients. Material and methods: Following the recommendations of the American Pain Society (APS), a new intra and postoperative analgesic protocol based on the use of ketamine was designed in 2018. Intraoperatively, a bolus of 0.5 mg/kg of ketamine was administered, followed by a dose infusion of 0.2 mg/kg/h until the surgical wound was closed. During the first 48 postoperative hours, a patient-controlled analgesia pump (PCA) of morphine-ketamine was maintained along with a multimodal analgesia regimen with paracetamol and dexketoprofen. An effectiveness analysis comparing the new protocol (ketamine group) with the previous one (control group), based on the use of tramadol 100 mg / 6h or PCA morphine, was done. During the first 48 postoperative hours, NVS records, need of rescue analgesia, morphine bolus or continuous morphine infusion (control group) or ketamine morphine infusion (ketamine group) were analyzed. Results: The patients in the ketamine group had lower NVS records than those in the control group during the first two postoperative hours (p = 0.001) and lower morphine rescues needs on the second postoperative day (p = 0.003). The need for continuous morphine-ketamine perfusion was significantly lower than the need for continuous morphine perfusion on the control group (p = 0.011). Conclusion: The protocol based on the use of ketamine, managed to improve the control of postoperative pain and significantly reduce the consumption of opioids in the first 48 hours after the intervention.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Spine/surgery , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Clinical Protocols , Pain Management , Pain/drug therapy , Ketamine/therapeutic use , Pain Measurement , Retrospective Studies , SpainABSTRACT
El fenómeno de la escotadura de Kernohan-Woltman es una manifestación neurológica paradójica que consiste en un déficit motor ipsilateral a la lesión cerebral primaria. Este fenómeno es causado principalmente por hematomas subdurales agudos o crónicos postraumáticos, siendo los hematomas epidurales una causa menos frecuente. Este fenómeno debe ser tenido en cuenta en casos de déficit motor ipsilateral, ya que puede resultar en procedimientos quirúrgicos del lado equivocado. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 40 años quien, tras sufrir un traumatismo craneoencefálico, presentó disminución del nivel de conciencia y anisocoria. La tomografía computarizada de cráneo evidenció un hematoma epidural parietofrontal derecho con desplazamiento de la línea media y herniación uncal. Se realizó craneotomía y drenaje del hematoma y al sexto día del postoperatorio se evidenció una hemiparesia braquiocrural derecha. En la resonancia magnética se observó un área de isquemia capsulopeduncular izquierda acorde con el diagnóstico de fenómeno de la escotadura de Kernohan-Woltman (AU)
Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon is a paradoxical neurological manifestation which involves a motor deficit on the same side as the primary brain injury. It is produced mainly by acute or chronic subdural hematomas, and less frequently by post-traumatic epidural ones. It should be taken into consideration in cases of ipsilateral motor deficit, as it may lead to surgical procedures being performed on the incorrect side. We report the case of a 40 year old man who sustained a major head injury which was followed by a decreased level of consciousness and anisocoria. Computed tomography of the brain revealed a frontal and parietal epidural hematoma with right midline shift and uncal herniation. Craniotomy and drainage of the hematoma was performed, and on the sixth day after surgery it was observed that the patient had a brachio-crural right hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an ischemic area on the left capsule and cerebral peduncle consistent with the diagnosis of Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Paresis/etiology , Anisocoria/etiology , Consciousness Disorders/etiology , Craniotomy , Drainage , Postoperative Complications , Diagnostic Errors/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon is a paradoxical neurological manifestation which involves a motor deficit on the same side as the primary brain injury. It is produced mainly by acute or chronic subdural hematomas, and less frequently by post-traumatic epidural ones. It should be taken into consideration in cases of ipsilateral motor deficit, as it may lead to surgical procedures being performed on the incorrect side. We report the case of a 40 year old man who sustained a major head injury which was followed by a decreased level of consciousness and anisocoria. Computed tomography of the brain revealed a frontal and parietal epidural hematoma with right midline shift and uncal herniation. Craniotomy and drainage of the hematoma was performed, and on the sixth day after surgery it was observed that the patient had a brachio-crural right hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an ischemic area on the left capsule and cerebral peduncle consistent with the diagnosis of Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon.
Subject(s)
Brain Injuries/complications , Encephalocele/etiology , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/complications , Paresis/etiology , Adult , Anisocoria/etiology , Brain Damage, Chronic/etiology , Consciousness Disorders/etiology , Decompressive Craniectomy , Dominance, Cerebral , Drainage , Encephalocele/diagnosis , Encephalocele/surgery , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/diagnostic imaging , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/surgery , Humans , Male , Paresis/physiopathology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Laryngoscopes , Aged , Bronchoscopy , Consciousness , Equipment Design , Female , Fiber Optic Technology , Humans , Intubation, Intratracheal , Laryngoscopy , Video RecordingSubject(s)
Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/prevention & control , Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Adult , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Cesarean Section , Disease Susceptibility , Emergencies , Female , Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/administration & dosage , Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/therapeutic use , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/drug therapy , Risk Factors , Thromboembolism/drug therapy , Thrombophilia/drug therapy , Thrombophilia/etiology , Thrombophilia/surgery , Thrombophlebitis/drug therapy , Thrombophlebitis/etiology , Thrombophlebitis/prevention & control , Vena Cava FiltersABSTRACT
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